(Intro & piano music)I think this might be a tricky one if you're learning Greek at the moment so, I'd definitely recommend reading the transcript for the spelling because, if you rely on listening to this, you will get confused. If you're not learning Greek and just enjoying a minute of knowledge, you'll be fine without reading ;unless of course you want to! This is a combined word where the second component is an -ology. An easy way to remember what -ologies do is that they make the first word an expert. Ετυμος (etymos) is an ancient greek word that is not used anymore by itself. It meant 'The true one', 'The original'. The combined word means 'the expert study of the original'  and it came to English through Latin and French in the 14th century. It is used for language and tracing back words to their original meaning . Pretty much what this podcast does. ΕΤΥΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ/ETYMOLOGYInstagram @yourgreeksunday ,Blue Sky @yourgreeksunday.bsky.socialemail [email protected]

Before we begin, I have an announcement; From December 1st our account on X will no longer exist. Instead we're moving into Blue Sky and I'll put the handle on the description so you can find us there. @yourgreeksunday.bsky.social . I think it's a much friendlier platform. If you don't have an account there, you can find us on Instagram @yourgreeksunday where I also post videos with additional information on specific episodes or, you can follow my acting page on Facebook : Emmanuela Lia, a place where I share all my work including this podcast. And finally, if you're not into social media, thank you for waiting to listen to today's word! Let's go!(Intro & piano music) Πους (pous) in ancient Greek and Πόδι (podi) in modern, means 'foot/leg'. Τρία (tria) means 'three'. From Ancient China to Ancient Greece we see many three- legged portable stands, cauldrons and vases. The first time the combination of those two words was recorded, was in the ancient syllabic alphabet used by the Mycenaeans and predating Ancient Greek, Linear B. The syllables read TI-RI-PO and of course nobody knows how they were pronounced but they were describing three-legged objects. The word was used in Ancient Greek and Latin and it came to English in 1603 in a translation of Plutarch's 'The Morals' by Philemon Holland and, a Latin pronunciation. ΤΡΙΠΟΔΟ/TRIPODInstagram @yourgreeksunday ,Blue Sky @yourgreeksunday.bsky.socialemail [email protected]

(Intro & piano music) Today we have not one but two terms that were made up from Greek words and were coined in England. This time in 1865 by banker, philanthropist, scientist and polymath John Lubbock. He helped establish archaeology as a scientific discipline and promoted the need for public libraries, among other things. In his study of archaeology and the need to clearly distinguish Stone Age periods, he formed two new words. Παλαιό (paleo) in Greek means 'old' and Νεο (neo) means 'new' . Λίθος (lithos) means 'stone'. The combination seems fairly simple to us now but the concept is genius! The division of the Stone Age into ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΙΘΙΚΟΣ & ΝΕΟΛΙΘΙΚΟΣ/PALAEOLITHIC & NEOLITHICInstagram @yourgreeksunday ,Blue Sky @yourgreeksunday.bsky.socialemail [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Aristotle used this word in his definition of Greek Drama and in particular TragedyΈστιν ουν τραγωδία, μίμησις πράξεως σπουδαίας και τελείας...' This is tragedy, the imitation of a significant and absolute act. Richard Dawkins used it to coin a new term in 1976 and according to Wikipedia 'it is an idea, behaviour or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme' Well, in today's digital and visual language, it has taken the form of a short image-burst, that may or may not have words but it's an imitation of an idea, action or vibe. ΜΙΜΗΣΗ/MEMETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Happy November, everyone! We're still in Halloween mood here in the UK so, I've decided to follow up from last week's word. This is probably one of the most accurate yet creative modern namings of a medicine I know. We touched upon this god on a couple of episodes with his name mentioned in the last one but I've never told you his story. He was one of the first gods. Son of night and Sleep, nephew of Death (and I'm here to correct myself calling them brothers last week) , two of his thousands of siblings were Fear and Fantasia, also known as Dreams and although they had wings, he didn't need them. His purpose was to deliver messages to mortals from the other gods. His name comes from the word Μορφή (morfi) which means 'Shape' , because he would shape into anyone in order for the message to be more effective. According to the Roman writer Ovid, he would sleep on a bed of poppies and that's were the German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner who isolated the substance in 1804, got the idea for the name. The substance that would ease your pain, cause you to hallucinate or be deadly. If you haven't guessed it yet, the name of the god is Morpheus and the medicine ΜΟΡΦΙΝΗ/MORPHINETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Before we begin I have a small update for you, we did not win last week's  Independent podcast awards but we're very happy we were nominated and, we got to spent the evening with so many interesting people, who are all passionate about the podcasts they create. So, go to the Independent Podcast Awards website, look up all the winners and the nominees. I'm sure you'll find more than one podcast to subscribe to. But for today, Happy HalloweenLet the spooky words in(Intro & piano music)In modern Greek κοιμάμαι (kimame) means 'I sleep', in ancient Greek κείμαι (kime) meant  'I lie down' and a κοιμητήριο (kimitirio) was 'a bedroom'. After Christianity came along and suggested that death is nothing but a long sleep until the second coming, this place, would for some writers be an exceptional starting point for their ideas to come to life. Among other things. The word travelled to England through the usual route, Latin and French and Christianity secured the meaning. Although, Morpheus, the God of Sleep and his brother Death, never loosened their grip. ΚΟΙΜΗΤΗΡΙΟ/CEMETERYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Διδάσκειν (didaskin) is ancient Greek infinitive, the noun is Διδαχή (didahi) and the verb that is also used in modern Greek is Διδάσκω  (didasko). The word came to English from the French in the 1600s in a translation by Samuel Hartlib, who was a fascinating man and was described as 'The European intelligencer' , what a way to describe someone who's life goal is to further knowledge! Although today the word has a negative connotation that comes from the 19th century, it didn't start that way, it meant exactly was the Greek word still means today. Someone capable of teaching. ΔΙΔΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ/DIDACTICTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)One of the benefits of being bilingual is that it gives you a bigger language field to get lost in and explore. However, sometimes you forget the obvious or take some words for granted; Like the one today which, I was convinced I've already talked about but haven't. Φίλος (philos) in both ancient and modern Greek means 'friend'. Σοφία (sofia/sophia) means 'wisdom'. The combined word was used to describe a practice in ancient Greece. The search for knowledge. Later on, it took the meaning of 'rational thought' and in English we first find it in Middle English as a direct loan from the French and meaning 'the exploration of all sciences including Alchemy'. As thinkers and scientists got more specific in their practices, so did the word. It got attached to the thinkers and, stayed. ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑ/PHILOSOPHYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that you can always email me with comments, questions or anything you want to say about what you hear in this podcast at [email protected] . You can also follow me on Instagram and X @yourgreeksunday and leave a review or a comment on the platform of your choice.(Intro & Piano music)Welcome to season 8! Wow! Although technically this is 7 and a bit, as I started season 1 on a January but who's counting, right? Well, this summer I realised how long I've been doing this because I got a few people asking me for advice on how to start a podcast and, I could answer; which also gave me the idea of our first word. Here we go! When Odysseus left Ithaca for Troy, he assigned his best friend to stand in for him for his son Telemachus; he would advise and protect the boy and occasionally be replaced by the Goddess Athena for some extra wisdom (because Gods did that!). His name became a character quality in 1699 (and much much much later, a job) after the publication of the French novel 'The adventures of Telemachus' by Francois Fenelon; which seems to have been very popular both in France and England and the book itself has a very interesting journey, have a look when you get a chance. So, for this magnificent human skill that comes with years of hard work, experience or divine intervention, we have one character in Homer's Odyssey to thank for and his name is ΜΕΝΤΟΡ/MENTORTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Hello and Happy Autumn, everyone or Happy Fall if you're on the other side of the pond. Our new season will start in October but until then, I have some wonderful news! Our podcast has been nominated for an Independent Podcasts Award! The awards ceremony will be held at The King's Place in London and I'll put a link in the description (see below) , in case you want to book a ticket for the night and join the fun. Now, you cannot vote for us since this year's judges are the ones deciding the winners BUT what you can do is, go to the platform of your choice and leave us a review. That, will help more people discover us and experience what you already enjoy, not to mention I love reading your reviews! Thank you for listening and getting us so far. Oh, and don't forget to follow us on Instagram @yourgreeksunday for short videos and updates. See you soon! Link to the awardshttps://www.kingsplace.co.uk/whats-on/words/independent-podcast-awards-2024/Twitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Have you noticed how this year, the first word of every month has been a myth or myth related? Whether you have or not, thank you for listening and staying with me for another season. As this is the last episode before our summer break, I would be amiss not to mention amazing musician Laertes Malkotsis who composed our theme tune and Laurence Parsons who designed our logo. During the break, there might be a bolus episode or two so, keep your ears sharp and don't forget: you can find me on Instagram & Twitter @yourgreeksunday and you can email me with comments, questions or anything you like to discuss that you've heard on this podcast at [email protected] we go! (Intro & piano music) This word first appears in writing in Homer's Epic, The Iliad and it meant 'a saying' , 'an opinion', 'an utterance'. Shortly after, Hesiod came along and used the word to detail the origins of human kind, its gods and heroes. And finally, Aristotle applied it to the plot of theatre plays and storytelling. The word came to English via Latin and around the 1800s was linked to fables and stories with heroic acts and supernatural elements ΜΥΘΟΣ/MYTHTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Sometimes, Greeks seem to have many words for the same thing but to their defence, they had many years of thinking, inventing and applying words to very specific things. So although we've already found the word for 'pebble' in a previous episode, today, we're using another one Κρόκη (Kroke); And combined with the word for 'Lizard' Δίλος (Delos) It gives us the word, the ancient Greeks used for the animal found in the river Nile. As language evolved, the spelling in modern Greek has changed and in English, it's directly from the Latin one ΚΡΟΚΟΔΕΙΛΟΣ/CROCODILETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Most English words have arrived here either via Latin or Germanic ones. And because it was easier geographically, the ones that originated in Greece are the Latin based ones. But there are some exceptions and today we have one of them. A small pebble in ancient Greece was called Κάλυξ (Calix) and in Latin it was called 'Calx' . However, the word did not go to the French and then English as usual but it rerouted to Germany where they used it for 'limestone'. So, when the word came here and was called 'caelc' in old English, it meant 'the soft, white limestone' found on the South of England and cut in small pieces it was used to mark debt or game scores. The modern spelling of the work is from the 14th century mimicking the Latin one. ΚΑΛΥΞ/CHALKTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music) This word came to English in 1845 from the French that gave it the specific meaning we use today but: Ακρη (akri)  in both ancient and modern Greek, means 'the edge' of a place, regardless if it's a mountain or a sidewalk and Βαίνειν (venin) is the ancient Greek infinitive for 'walking/Going' so, the one who walks on the edge of any place not just a high one and not only a rope, is an ΑΚΡΟΒΑΤΗΣ/ACROBATTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Before we begin, I have a little announcement ,the podcast has finally made it to Instagram. It has now its own separate account than my acting one and it has everything , including videos with additional information and fun facts. So, go ahead, give us a follow @yourgreeksunday and I'll see you there! (Intro & piano music) Today's word is also linked to Dionysus as it's supposed to be one of the states his followers found themselves in, but it has a history of its own. Εκ (ek) in ancient and modern Greek is a preposition and means 'from', Ιστημι (istimi) is an ancient greek verb and it means 'I stand/I am in place'. The combined word means 'being out of place' and for the ancient Greeks that also meant being out of touch with yourself and your sanity. In the 14th century , writers of mystical theories, used the word to describe a state where your body was still but your mind and soul contemplated divine issues and that's where it probably got the positive link to euphoria. The word came to English in the 14th century from France through religious texts. ΕΚΣΤΑΣΗ/ECSTASYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Until I started this podcast, I didn't realise how many English speaking people named things by combining Greek words; either because they thought it would make them look smarter or because the words they chose, were the perfect description for their invention (and sounded smart).In 1787 the painter and inventor Robert Barker, created a 360 degree visual medium, patented under the title 'Apparatus for exhibiting Pictures'. The viewer would stand on a platform in the middle of it and would be surrounded by pictures. In 1789 he also invented its name by putting two Greek words together to describe it. Παν (pan) means 'everything' or 'the whole' and Οραμα (orama) means 'vision' or 'the thing to see' ΠΑΝΟΡΑΜΑ/PANORAMATwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro and piano music)This is an English word based on an ancient Greek one that quickly changed meanings, started going on circles creating more words and making it-I'll be kind- fun to research. Κλήρος (Kleros) in ancient Greek meant 'Lot', 'piece of land' and subsequently 'inheritance', so far so good. A few hundred years go by and in the 5th book of the bible, people working as temple assistants were called Κληρικοί (Kleriki) because, and I quote  '...therefore shall they have no inheritance among their brethren: the Lord is their inheritance'. But that  name 'kliriki' expanded outside the church and was given to anyone who would read and write and was working in public offices or keeping accounts for businesses . With every language it went through the word came closer to today's meaning. 'Clericus'/ A priest in Latin, 'clerc'/a scribe in old French and in 1200 in old English and today, although the Greeks have kept the Christian meaning of the word, ΚΛΗΡΙΚΟΣ/CLERKTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & Piano music)The internet reads for this creature; a duck billed, beaver tailed, otter footed, egg laying, aquatic creature native to Australia. Then, what is it doing bearing a Greek name? Before the Natural History Museum in London became the great institution it is today, it was part of the British Museum and its keeper, George Shaw, was the first to describe and accept this creature as a real animal, in 1799. He named it based on the look of its feet but that name was already taken by a beetle, so, in 1803 Johann Friedrich, Blumenbach, publish another description and named it 'Ornithorinchus Paradoxus' ,which is also Greek and means 'Paradoxical bird-snout. I think we'd all agree that, that's too long to remember let alone ,say. And that's why we call it what George Shaw named it. Πλατύς (platys) in ancient and modern Greek means 'wide' and πούς (pous), in ancient Greek, means 'foot. ΠΛΑΤΥΠΟΥΣ/PLATYPUSTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)From Greek Mythology to Euripides's Greek Drama 'The Bacchae' to Buffy The Vampire Slayer and Neil Gaiman's 'The Sandman' , those Nymphs were responsible for drinking, dancing, eating raw meat, being strong enough to pull trees from the ground with, just, their hands and killing anyone who'd refuse their mating call. They followed and worshiped Dionysus from Greece to India and back and they were in the hundreds! Their name Μαινάδες (Maenads) means 'obsessively passionate to the point of rage' and comes from the infinitive Μένεσθαι (menesthe). Their frantic state is a word that from Greek to Latin to French to English late in the 14th century, has stayed the same. ΜΑΝΙΑ/MANIATwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Εν (en) in Greek is a preposition meaning 'with' 'within' . Εργο (ergo) means 'action'. The translation into Latin show some bumps along the way caused by many back and forths because of a misunderstanding on one of Aristotle's works. He used the combined word, meaning 'at work' as 'powering up' so although in modern Greek the adjective 'ενεργός' (energos) means 'active', 'at work', the noun has two meanings 'action' and ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ/ENERGYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Greek Mathematicians were the first to use this word until Plato came along and used it to describe different realities and bigger ideas. Ανά (ana) is a preposition meaning -among other things- 'upon'. Λόγος (logos) means 'speech', 'thought', 'reason' and 'ratio' . The combined word means 'according to ratio' and is used for literal or metaphorical proportions. ΑΝΑΛΟΓΙΑ/ANALOGYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Plato wrote 'Our salvation depends on the correct choice between pleasure and sadness, that is the choice between more, or less.' The ancient Greek verb Αιρώ (aero) has been completely claimed by Christianity and turned on its head with regards to the original meaning and perception of the word. In 380 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius the 1st , legally tied the word to anyone not Christian (at the time the division between the Catholic and the Orthodox church didn't exist. In fact, Theodosius was the last emperor before the split.) So he drafted 'The Edict Of Thessalonica' which he fought tooth and nail throughout his life trying to enforce in the empire . And he succeeded. The original word means 'the right to choose/the right to a different belief'  and it was commonly used up until that point. 'We order the followers of this law to embrace the name of Catholic Christians; but as for the others, since, in our judgment they are foolish madmen, we decree that they shall be branded with the ignominious name of heretics...' The word was written down and passed on in all religious texts and that's how it arrived in England . The word also became a crime in 1401 and was decriminalised in 1677 putting a stop to the punishment which was death by burning at the stake and giving people back the freedom to choose (well, sort of) ΑΙΡΕΣΗ/HERESYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)In ancient Greek mythology there are three women (sometimes more) , daughters of Zeus (sometimes of the Sun or of Dionysus) that are responsible for organising all the feasts in Mount Olympus and making sure that everything is beautiful, joyous, healthy and sexy. No, they're not the Muses although, they were all good friends. They are Aphrodite's followers and they are The Graces! Χάριτες (Charites) in Greek. Their names Αγλαϊα (Aglaea-Radiance), Ευφροσύνη(Evfrosini-Joy) and Θάλεια (Thalia-Boom). They were worshiped all around Greece  but they had their own temple in the mainland where three rocks  fell from the sky (yes ,rocks) and were worshiped until people carved and made statues of them. There was a big art festival dedicated to them and archaeologists have discovered plaques with names of musicians and poets and artists that have won the competition. Although their English name is The Graces, their touch to a human's life has the same name as an offering from the gods in Greek. It's a ΧΑΡΙΣΜΑ/CHARISMATwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)I have a three combo word for you today, yup, that's as Greek as it gets! And it seems to have been distorted a little in English in order to single out personality traits but: Ιδιος (idios) in ancient Greek meant 'one's own', we could say 'one's self' but... mmm... ok let's go with that! Συν (sin) means 'with' and κράση (krasi) means 'a mixture' . So the combination of all the things that make someone themselves. From your personality, to your mannerisms, to the way you carry yourself. That singular combination and not one personality trait, that makes you, you is your  ΙΔΙΟΣΥΓΚΡΑΣΙΑ/IDIOSYNCRASY Twitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(intro & piano music)Τύπτω (tipto) in ancient Greek means 'I strike', 'hit' or 'dent' something. In Latin it was 'typus' and meant 'symbol' or 'an emblem'. Around 1713 it moved to meaning 'printed on metal or wood'. Στερεό (stereo) means 'solid' and the combined word in 1804 meant a printing plate, an additional meaning in 1819 was 'to fix something firmly' and lastly in 1953 the word got  the meaning we still use today ΣΤΕΡΕΟΤΥΠΟ/ STEREOTYPETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)My first job, shortly after I arrived in England, was a stage adaptation of 'Middlemarch', an epic story by George Eliot. The pen name of Mary Ann Evans. As time went by ,I realised that the name I was known for in Greece and had been working for years was too difficult for anyone in this industry to remember so, I decided to keep my first name but officially shorten my surname. In fact if you go to my IMDb you'll see three different versions of my name all of which are versions of my real name. Ψευδές (psevdes) means 'False' and όνομα (onoma) means 'name' . The combined word came to England from France in 1828 and was spelled in Latin characters. It is used only for when a person changes their name for a specific purpose , a pen name or a stage one. ΨΕΥΔΟΝΥΜΟ/PSEUDONYMTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)The history of this word goes back to those considered to be the first European civilisation. There is truth and there is myth connected to the Minoans.  A name we know was given to them by the Greeks but have no evidence that, that's what they called themselves. Archaeological discoveries place them in Crete and their first ruler, according to the Greeks, was King Minos (his story and myth are for another episode).  The symbol mostly found in the unearthing of this ancient civilisation is a double axe known as Λάβρυς (Lavris/Labris). Ancient Greek historians would write about the main palace in ancient Κνωσσός (Knossos) The capital city of ancient Crete, as 'The House of Λάβρυς' and surprisingly it's not shaped as a double axe but a ΛΑΒΥΡΙΝΘΟΣ/LABYRINTH Twitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)In 3rd century BC there was a biographer of philosophers and author of the history of philosophy, Διογένης Λαέρτιος( Diogenes Laertios) . In his 7th book (out of 10) he begins with a reference to Pythagoras's beliefs on how one should lead their life, one of them being , and I quote: Drunkenness, he considers to be a damage and he disapproves any kind of exaggeration, he says we should have συμμετρία and not overdo it with drinking and eating. Συν (syn), among other things, means 'with'. Μέτρο (metro) means 'measure' . Whether it's used to describe moderation, proportions or compare measurements, the word has made it through centuries and keeps on going! ΣΥΜΜΕΤΡΙΑ/SYMMETRYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Τάσσω (tasso) in an Ancient Greek verb and it means 'I put things in order' . Something that was studied in Ancient Greece was the technique of how to put things in order, how to strategize and make smart decisions to achieve your goal (I know I'm summarising here but this is a bite-size podcast after all) . That technique was called Τακτική τέχνη (taktiki techne) and the word came to English in the 17th century , quite late if you think about how many successful strategists England had before that. ΤΑΚΤΙΚΗ/TACTICTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)This sweet word is a combination of Ancient Greek and late Latin. It came into English in the 14th century from the French (of course) who took both languages, applied the term to baking and quite possibly perfected the flavour. Χρίσμα (chrisma) in Greek means  'unguent' The Latin called it 'cramum' and the French 'crème'. ΧΡΙΣΜΑ/CREAMTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Today's word has a small journey as it's very straight forward. It has also been reduced to a single meaning in Greek. Αυτό (auto) is short for Εαυτό and it means 'self' . Κράτος (kratos) means 'state' . In Ancient Greece and Rome, the combined word meant , any system of government that was absolute and it included Monarchy, dictatorship and a whole empire. The word came to English through the usual route, Latin and old French and what I find interesting is which political system has been attached to most, today. In modern English it's used to describe a single ruler an 'autocrat' while in modern Greek it means 'an Empire'. ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΙΑ/AUTOCRACYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music) There are two versions of this myth and I chose the one places ancient Turkey and Ancient Greece geologically closer than they are today. The Greek God Ασωπός (Asopos), son of Poseidon, gave his name to a river that ran through central Greece and sprang from another river in Asia Minor. The river Μαίανδρος (Meandros). That river had so many twists and turns that its name is used to describe a very winding flow or way of travel. In modern Greek, the word is used described that little winding pattern you see in ancient greek merchandise. The word originally came into English from Latin around 1590 and was kept as a description of river flows until 1630 when it started being used metaphorically. The original river, now located in Turkey, is called Menderes and drains into the Aegean. ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟΣ/MEANDERTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)This word came to us from medicine and the metaphorical meaning is what we use today. Χεκτικός (Hektikos), in ancient Greek meant 'continuous'. It was linked to fevers and was a monitoring sign for certain diseases. In English it was used specifically for fever that not only wouldn't stop but go up and down during the course of a day, exhausting the patient. The word came from late Latin 'Hecticus' and nowadays describes a continuously , fast-paced life. ΧΕΚΤΙΚΟΣ/HECTICTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Oenanthe Crocata, is a flower with a very sweet taste that grows near lakes in Sardinia. It's also known as 'Sardonion'. Eating it, will cause a state of drunkenness accompanied by laughter, paralyse your jaw, make your face muscles contract as if you're smiling and eventually, kill you. In Greek, it's called 'wine flower' because of its sweetness. Homer used its effects metaphorically to describe Odysseus's laughter and that's how it came  to us today. A laughter or a smile that is not kind at all. ΣΑΡΔΟΝΙΟ/SARDONICTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Today's word is so much older than the Valentine celebration and I have to admit I thought it would make a good joke.  Δάκτυλος (Daktilos) in ancient Greek and Δάχτυλο (Dahtilo) in modern means, 'finger'. There's a plant that started, probably, in Mesopotamia in 4000BC that both its leaves and fruit resemble a human finger and that's how it got its name. 'Dactylus' in Latin, 'Datil' in old French and from the 1300 onwards in England ΔΑΧΤΥΛΟ/DATETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Φήμη (feme) was one of Gaia's daughters and sister to Hope, among others. She was responsible for spreading the news of both Godly and Human achievements but if you fell short on her liking then, you could expect all kinds of gossip linked to your name. The Greeks had a temple dedicated to her in the ancient agora in Athens, next to the temple of Pudency. She's usually depicted holding a laurel and a trumpet. In Roman mythology she's called Fama and that's how the word came to English in the 14th century. ΦΗΜΗ/FAMETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Intro & soft piano musicΠόλις (polis) in both ancient and modern Greek means the 'City' . This is a root word for many more that we'll have a chance to explore in the future. Plato wrote Πολιτεία (politia) around 380BC which was a fictional discussion between the philosophers of the time on what a Just society is, the educational system, the debate between Philosophy and Poetry and many more. It was split in ten books based on subject. The Latin translation is Res Rublica which means, 'the state of public affairs' and was translated as such to be understood by people living during the Roman Democracy. To put it simply, a set of rules made to govern a city. ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ/POLICYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Intro & soft piano musicΣυν (syn) is a preposition meaning 'and', 'together'. Θέση (thesi) means 'position' Combining things either naturally or artificially is called ΣΥΝΘΕΣΗTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

Intro & soft piano musicΚεντρί (kendri) in both ancient and modern Greek means the 'Sting' . Because the point of a compass was as sharp and pointy, the mathematician Euclid, named the mark left when drafting a circle, after it. The word came to English from Latin in the late 1400 and kept that spelling. ΚΕΝΤΡΟ/CENTER.Twitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & soft piano music)Happy New Year everyone! May you be happy, prosper and shine in whatever you decide to do this year!We begin 2024 with a Myth. We've touched upon this lineage before but today, we're going to where everything started. So, in the beginning, there was Chaos and they gave birth to Νυξ (Nyx). She was fierce and frightful and all powerful. Among her many children were Day, Dream, Death, Nemesis and Uranus (the sky) who, along with Gaia (the Earth) created the World.  Nyx was also an oracle and she continued , long after the world was created, to advise the Olympian Gods. There is a similarity in most European languages on how to pronounce her name and (alongside other facts), it makes scholars think that the old countries counted time based on the dark part of the day not the light. 'Naktam' in Sanskrit, 'Nacht' in old German, 'Natt' in old Norse, 'Nochd' in old Irish, 'Nox' in Latin and in modern Greek, ΝΥΧΤΑ/NIGHTTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Merry Christmas to those celebrating and , have a well deserved rest those of you who don't! Today's word is the last one of the year and I thought of bringing you one that came all the way from Ancient Greece with only a slight modification due to the different alphabet and, a meaning worth of a day like this, ΠΑΥΣΗ/PAUSETwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)The Ancient Greek Theatre has many parts and each of them has their specific function within Greek Drama. I won't talk about all of them but , in the centre was Θυμέλη (thimeli), the altar of Dionysus since theatre was part of the festivals celebrating him. Πάροδοι (parodae), on the sides the entrances and exits. Σκηνή (scene) the Stage at the forefront and raised. Προσκήνιο (proscenium) ,the painted pillars in front of the stage that formed the set  and behind it, was the big open space where the chorus would sing and dance. That part was named after the Greek word for 'dance' όρχηση (orchisi). As theatre progressed, the space was used by the Romans for the area of officials and later the French, would use it for the place where the musicians stood and accompanied a play. And that's how it became synonymous to any large group of musicians. ΟΡΧΗΣΤΡΑ/ORCHESTRATwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)In every language, I suspect, there are words that have lost their original meaning because they've become closely associated with or solely used for, one purpose. Today's word is a very good example! Κατά (kata) is a preposition and among other things, it means 'according to'. Ηχος (echos) means 'Sound'. The combined word means 'according to what you hear' and it was used for any kind of verbal teaching or information spread by word of mouth. It arrived in English early in the 15th century through ecclesiastical Latin. ΚΑΤΗΧΗΣΗ/CATECHISMTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(intro & piano music)There are some words whose history of meaning surprises me because it's not based on reason or practicality but, sentiment. Συν (syn) means 'with', Βάλλειν (vallin) is the ancient greek infinitive for 'throw'. The combined word arrived in English in the 15th century and meant the result of two individual things thrown together so they can form a whole. That match, was a sign for their owners to recognise eachother without speaking. A secret acknowledgment. The completed piece was called a ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟ/SYMBOLTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)I love it when I get the chance to prove how tricky Greek language can be. Only because it's a challenge to describe. At then end of last month I talked about the same infinitive φαίνειν (phenin) meaning 'to show', to create the word 'Phantom'. Here, it's being used again, but after the preposition Εν (en) which becomes 'em' when combined and it means 'within' , 'from the inside' So, making something visible from the inside. Projecting. In rhetoric 'applying significance', in writing 'underlining'. The word started as a guide on how to do that with your voice, the force and stress applied to the utterance of a word or phrase. In England it arrived at the end of the 16th century from Latin. ΕΜΦΑΣΗ/EMPHASISTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)The origins of all three meanings of this word, can be found in Aristotle, Plato and Socrates. But an Ancient Greek comedy character called Είρων (Eron/Iron) who would pretend to not understand what was happening, only to expose the boastful, started appearing more and more until his name was given to his actions. In literature those actions are divided in, Verbal: where you pretend you don't understand what's been said to you, and mock it.  Dramatic: where everyone understands what's happening to you, but you. And, Situational: where you strive for one thing but get quite the opposite result. ΕΙΡΩΝΙΑ/IRONYTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Δια (dia) means 'between', 'across' and it's also the name of the mathematical symbol for division. One of the meanings of the word Λόγος (logos) is, 'speech'. When a new form of speech is created within a language because of a region, a social group or a cultural one then, that form of speech is called a ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ/DIALECTTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)We're doing all things language this November!Φέρω (fero) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to carry', 'to bring'. Μετά (meta) is both a preposition and an adjective, meaning 'after', 'forward'. The combined word means a 'transition'. It's a figure of speech that explains one thing by using another. To carry a meaning over is a ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΑ/METAPHORTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]

(Intro & piano music)Happy Halloween everyone! This word has an interesting history and several origin theories. The Ancient Greek word Τύμβος (Timvos) , meant either the grave, the small hip of soil on top of a grave or the smoke coming up after the burning of the dead, You can also find the root in Armenian, Sanskrit and Old Welsh. But when the word came to Latin, it got shortened, kept the basic function and left the theories to the linguists and historians. ΤΥΜΒΟΣ/TOMBTwitter @yourgreeksunday , Instagram @yourgreeksunday ,email [email protected]