Episode 110: 3 Techniques For Starting Your Novel & Introducing The Conflict
In this week's episode, we take a look at three different methods for starting your novel and introducing the central conflict. TRANSCRIPT 00:00:00 Introduction and Writing Updates Hello. Welcome to Episode 110 of The Pulp Writer Show. My name is Jonathan Moeller. Today is February the 25th, 2022 and today we're going to talk about how to start your book and introduce your conflict. Before we get into that, let's have some updates on my current writing projects. Editing is underway for Dragonskull: Blade of the Elves, and I also wrote a tie-in short story to go with it called The First Warlock, which is an origin story for one the new villains introduced in Blade of the Elves. This week I finished Dragonskull: Blade of the Elves, started editing, and also finished The First Warlock, and so if editing goes well and all goes well, that should be out sometime in March. I also finished writing Chapter One of Cloak of Shards. That will be my next main project after Dragonskull: Blade of the Elves is published in March. In audiobook news, I am beginning to proof-listen to chapters for Frostborn: The Dragon Knight (as excellently narrated by Brad Wills). So if all goes well, we should be able to listen to Frostborn: The Dragon Knight on audiobook platforms before too much longer. 00:01:11 Reader Question on Services for Physical Book Publishing Before we get into our main topic, we have one question from a reader this week. Steve asks: who do you typically do your physical publishing through, if I may ask? I almost always use Kindle Direct Publishing Print. It's generally the easiest and the simplest to use and offers both paperback and hardback now. Other providers like Ingram Spark offer a lot more options and customization options, but Ingram Spark is definitely harder and more complicated to use than Kindle Direct Publishing Print. And it’s also easier to lose money doing that, since you can accidentally set yourself up with a negative return rate, which Amazon doesn't let you do. Draft to Digital has a print service. I've heard good things about it, but I've never actually used it, so I can't attest to it one way or the other. So if you're just starting out with your first book like I believe Steve is, then probably Kindle Direct Publishing Print is your quickest and easiest option for getting your book in paperback and hardback. 00:02:15 Main Topic of the Week: How to Start Your Book and Introduce Conflict So our main topic this week will be how to start your book and how to introduce your conflict. And of course, there's only one sentence that can start out that topic: “It was a dark and stormy night.” That sentence is perhaps the most cliched opening line in English literature. Of course, the opposite of that is writers who try to make the opening line of their book as shocking and memorable as possible, like for example, something along the lines of “today was the day I died for the seventh time.” If you read websites and Internet groups where writers frequent, you will often see writers agonizing at length about the opening line of their novel. Generally, the agonizing is all unnecessary. The introduction to your story has three purposes, and if you keep those three functions in mind, it will be much easier to both write the opening mind and the rest of the introduction. First, the introduction should catch the reader's attention. Second, the introduction should introduce the protagonist and the leading characters. Third, it should set the stage for the story’s conflict. Let's go through each of these purposes and then share three methods for getting your story off the ground. First, catch the reader’s attention. As we mentioned above, the necessity of seizing the reader's attention and of crafting an interesting opening sentence is a source of much angst in various Internet writers’ forums. That said, it's best not to overthink things. The key is to provide just a little mystery, enough to inspire your curiosity and encourage the reader to continue further into the book. The easiest way to be interesting is not to be boring. That's, you know, easy to say, but difficult to do. There are, alas, numerous boring ways to start a book, and you should avoid them. It is best to avoid descriptions of the weather, like the famous dark and stormy night. Likewise, it is a good idea to avoid starting your book with lengthy descriptions of the scenery or the setting. Writers who are good at writing lovely prose might pull that off. But I'm not one of those writers, and in my opinion, lovely prose is only useful as a vehicle to advance the plot. Like most advice, “don't be boring” is easy to say and harder to do. How do you provide a little mystery in your novel’s introduction? You want to set up a situation where you've inspired just enough curiosity in your reader that they keep reading. The first sentence doesn't have to carry the entire load, but it does help. “After dropping my children off at daycare, I drove to the gas station, loaded my pistol, and walked inside.” This example of an opening sentence might be a bit overdramatic, but it serves to illustrate the point. The narrator is seemingly a responsible parent, dropping his or her children off at daycare before heading to work. Why, then, is the narrator walking into a gas station with a weapon? For many readers, this will inspire enough curiosity to keep reading. Here is the opening sentence from my urban fantasy novel, Cloak Games: Thief Trap (which as of this recording is available for free on all book all ebook platforms). “One of the earliest things I remember is watching the entire United States Congress commit suicide on national television.” Readers have emailed to tell me that this is one of the more effective opening sentences that I have written. It is both a bit of a shock and a mystery hook. Why is a small child watching in the government commit suicide on national TV? If the reader wants to find out why, they will have to read on. Second, introduce the characters. The introduction of the story must also present the main characters to the reader. Obviously, you don't need to introduce all the characters in the book to the reader right away, nor all the details about them. This, in fact, would be a bad idea. The easiest way to introduce any characters in the introduction is to have them engaged in something that reflects their personality and potential conflicts. For example, consider the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker. The book opens with letters written by Jonathan Harker to his fiancée, Mina Murray. In the letters, we learn that Harker is a new solicitor on his way to Transylvania to conduct a real estate transaction with an eccentric rural nobleman named Count Dracula. This handily introduces the characters of Harker, Mina, and Dracula, and sets up the stakes. Harker wants to establish himself in his profession so he can marry Mina, and he just needs to conclude his business with Dracula. Unfortunately for Harker, Dracula turns out to be far more dangerous than he initially appears. Soon, both Harker and the reader realize that Dracula is in fact an ancient vampire and the book’s conflict begins. Introducing the characters is a good way to segue into setting the stage for the story’s conflict, which we will discuss next. Third, introducing the conflict. The third and final purpose of the introduction is to introduce the reader to the story’s conflict or antagonist. There are lots of fun and exciting ways to introduce the conflict. And I say fun and exciting because this is often where the story starts getting quite energetic. In a fantasy novel, it might be when the hero's village is attacked by orcs. In a mystery story, it's when someone stumbles across a dead body. In a thriller novel, perhaps the hero finds a sinister terror plot that is already well underway. The conflict can also be introduced more sedately. In an action themed book, it is easy to introduce the conflict via sudden violence, the attack of orcs, or sudden murder. Other kinds of stories may not involve so much physical danger. The central conflict of most romance novels, for example, is whether or not the heroine and the love interest will get together and whether or not they can overcome the assorted obstacles preventing them from having a relationship. A romance novel might introduce the conflict by having the love interest antagonize the heroine in some way. Perhaps the love interest is a lawyer who represents the heroine’s business rival or the heroine is a local law enforcement official and the love interest is an FBI agent who threatens to take over her case. Regardless of how the conflict is introduced, the most important part of the conflict is that it must compel the protagonist to take action. If the conflict or the antagonist isn't serious enough to force the protagonist to act, then nothing happens and you don't have a story. It is possible to have the protagonist refuse to engage with the conflict, only to be forced into it later. For example, take a detective story where the main character, a retired cop, refuses to look into an old case. The retired cop's former partner is murdered and the grief over his death drives the protagonist into investigating. Now that you're familiar with the three roles an introduction needs to fill, let's take a look at three different methods of writing an introduction: a prologue, Bildungsroman/a slow build, or in media res/in the middle of things. First, a prologue. A prologue is a short preamble before the main story where you introduce the situation and certain facts about the setting to the reader, facts that your protagonist may not discover until later in the novel. The disadvantage of the prologue is that you will probably need to continue the introduction within the main body of the story, since the prologue is usually not enough to introduce the reader to the protagonist and the main conflict in an interesting way. The advantage of a prologue is that you can show the reader vital facts about the story and obtaining those facts might be a central plot point for the main characters. One of the better examples of a good prologue I've read comes from the mystery novel Field of Prey by John Sanford. The novel revolves around Detective Lucas Davenport's efforts to find a pair of serial killers operating in rural Minnesota. The prologue introduces the two serial killers and shows how they stumble across their preferred method of capturing their victims. In terms of story structure, that means the reader immediately knows who the killers are, even though Davenport and the other detectives do not. The actual plot does not kick off until the first chapter, when a pair of teenagers accidentally discover where the serial killers have been hiding the bodies of their victims. But throughout the book, the reader's advance knowledge from the prologue adds an additional layer of tension to the story, especially when one of the investigators stumbles across the killers without realizing his mortal peril. Field of Prey had an effective prologue, but I have to admit, a prologue is my least favorite technique for an introduction. In the hands of a capable writer, a prologue works, but I've seen a lot of prologues used to dump information on the reader that the writer couldn't figure out how to reveal in the story or to introduce a character who doesn't turn up until 2/3 of the way through the book. If you do use a prologue, you will likely have to combine it with one of the other two introductory techniques we'll discuss during this podcast. That leads us to the second technique, Bildungsroman, which I think I pronounced correctly, but if I didn't, my apologies. The term Bildungsroman is a German word that means education novel and refers to a genre of fiction that revolves around the education and development of a young protagonist. Nowadays, in English, we tend to call these kind of books coming of age novels. As you might expect, books like this tend to be quite leisurely, following the protagonist from childhood to adulthood. I found that Bildungsroman is also a useful shorthand to describe a kind of introduction where the story slowly builds to the conflict. The Lord of the Rings is a good example of a story with a leisurely introduction to the conflict. Frodo doesn't learn that his uncle Bilbo's magic ring is in fact The One Ring until well into the story, and even more time passes before he leaves with the ring to keep it safe. For that matter, the central conflict isn't fully expressed, that the ring must be destroyed and Frodo is the one to do it, until well into the book. It can be tricky to hold the reader's interest during a long and leisurely introduction. A good way to keep the reader's interest is to introduce an element of mystery to a long introduction. In a fantasy novel, the protagonist might have a secret he has to keep from everyone. Perhaps he has magical abilities and is hiding them for fear of persecution, or he’s secretly the heir to a deposed king and the current regime will kill him if they find him. A Study in Scarlet, the first Sherlock Holmes story, is a good example of a slow introduction, even though the entire book is relatively short. Doctor Watson needs a roommate to help cover his rent, so he moves in with the mysterious Sherlock Holmes. Holmes has many eccentricities, lending an air of mystery to him, and finally Watson learns that Holmes is consulting detective. The actual central conflict of the book (Holmes is brought in to solve a mysterious murder) does not take place until well into the story, but the mystery around Holmes himself helps hold the reader’s interest. That leads to our third potential technique for starting a story, in media res. Now in media res is a Latin phrase that translates to “into the middle of things” in English and refers to the kind of introduction where you immediately thrust the reader into the plot without much in the way of build up. There are many different methods to do this, and in some ways, it is much easier to write than a slower introduction. In a fantasy novel, for example, the protagonist might wake up to find his village under attack by orcs. In a military science fiction novel, the book could start with the protagonist leading his platoon or squadron into battle against the space bugs. I have to admit, this story trope does seem quite common in military science fiction. A contemporary mystery novel could open with the detective standing over the murder victim and starting the investigation that will be the central conflict of the plot. A legal thriller might open in the middle of a high stakes trial, with the judge issuing a ruling that sets back the protagonist case and forces her to pursue a different strategy. The strength of starting the plot in media res is that you can immediately hook the reader with an action scene or some other kind of problem. It's easier to draw the reader's attention with a battle scene or some sort of dramatic sequence than it is with a slower introduction. You can then shift to the next phase of story structure and the conflict once you've gotten through the initial introduction. The weakness of starting in media res is that you're probably going to skip a lot of important information for the plot that you'll need to address later. To return to our previous examples, why are the orcs attacking the protagonist’s village? Or why is the protagonist leading his platoon into battle against the space bugs? The danger is that you might be tempted to engage in massive info dumps later in the book, where characters state obvious things to each other that they already know, like for example, “as you know, Bob, we're both detectives engaged in a murder investigation.” Now people in real life generally do not talk that way, and using infodumps in dialogue or regular prose runs the risk of breaking the story’s air of verisimilitude. The way to avoid info dumps is to use the release of new information as part of driving the plot. As always, the best way to do that is to keep an element of mystery in the story, allowing you to reveal information for maximum dramatic effect. To return to the example of the mystery novel that opens with the detective standing over the dead body, let's say that after the first few chapters, the detective’s superior threatens to pull him off the case. There could be any number of reasons. Perhaps the detective botched a similar case, or the detective's partner was killed investigating the similar case, and the failure haunts our protagonist to this day or the murder has political implications and the detective superior is feeling pressure from his bosses to bury the case. Revealing this information as a complication in the plot rather than an infodump will improve the story. In our example of a fantasy novel where the protagonist’s village is attacked by orcs and the villagers are taken captive, perhaps the human kingdom and the orcs have been at war for centuries. Perhaps the orcs were responding to a human attack, or maybe there is a traitor in the human kingdom who is working with the orcs. Either way, it is better for the protagonist to discover this during the plot rather than explaining it all in the introduction. Starting the story in media res is a great way to kick off the book, but it can be a challenge to not let things slacken after that. Retaining an element of mystery and, of course, complications for a protagonist to face, will keep things moving and interesting for the reader. As a final point, it is possible to open your book with a combination of prologue, Bildungsroman, and in media res, though you might want to wait until you have more experience writing novels before trying something complicated. The harsh advice of “keep it simple, stupid” applies to many areas of life and keeping things as simple as possible is often useful for writing novels as well. So, I hope you have found that helpful and that those techniques will be of use to you as you seek to start writing your own novels and short stories. So that is it for this week. Thank you all for listening to The Pulp Writer Show. If you enjoyed the podcast, please leave a review on your podcasting platform of choice. Stay safe and stay healthy and see you all next week.
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