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Zachary Cartwright, Ph.D.
Welcome to The Drip (formerly Water in Food), where we keep your mind hydrated with some science, music, and a mantra. I'm your host, Zachary Cartwright, lead food scientist at AQUALAB by Addium Hosted by Zachary Cartwright, Ph.D. Lead FOOD Scientist at AQUALAB https://www.aqualab.com/
Total 54 episodes
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26/11/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Sustainable Meat Processing Technologies with Lovedeep Kaur

Lovedeep Kaur is an Associate Professor at Massey University in New Zealand. Her specialties include sustainable food processing technologies, circular food systems, and innovative food processing. She joins The Drip to unpack the cutting-edge innovations she is seeing that are transforming the way we process and enjoy meat. In this episode, you’ll hear about:Understanding new technologies like high-pressure processing and microwave-assisted thermal sterilizationHow enzymatic hydrolysis enhances flavors and nutritional value by breaking down proteinsCombining plant and animal proteins with 3D food printingHow less popular cuts like brisket are getting a makeover … and how these innovations will be able to lower the cost of meatJump to:(00:53) How sustainable technology boosts efficient, waste-free meat processing.(03:46) The ways of enhancing meat flavour, texture and safety.(07:22) Key technologies that improve protein digestibility and nutrient preservation.(11:53) Factoring in food safety and public health.(14:37) This episode’s song recommendation.(15:28) This episode’s mantra.Featured Artist and Song:Run Wtih Me by KaivonLinks mentioned in this episode:‘High pressure processing of meat: Effects on ultrastructure and protein digestibility’ (2016) by Lovedeep Kaur et al.Massey UniversityHass Hass, by Diljit Dosanjh x Sia, music was chosen by Lovedeep KaurConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD00:00 New tech aids sustainable meat processing practices.03:46 Innovative technologies enhance food flavor and texture.07:22 Advanced technologies improve protein digestibility and nutrient preservation.11:53 Technologies improve health, nutrition, and food safety.13:47 AQUALAB helps the meat industry with moisture control.
16m
12/11/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Creating Aviation Fuel from Waste with Alyssa Norris

Alyssa Norris is the Director of Sustainability at Aether Fuels. She sits down with Zachary Cartwright to discuss how we can produce aviation fuel from waste, and how you don’t have to choose between seeing the world and saving it. Alyssa will shed light on the production, impact, and future of this fuel. We'll also discuss its current usage, the processes involved, and how it plays a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting a circular economy. In this episode, you’ll hear about:What is sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)?Suitability of SAF versus electric aircraft for long-haul flightsHow to overcome the unwanted presence of water in jet fuelInnovative aspects of Aether's technologyWhat does a Director of Sustainability do for a company like Aether? Jump to:(03:44) SAF is made from hydrogen, carbon, and waste materials.(08:41) Airlines will adopt sustainable fuel, therefore lowering costs.(10:25) Why electric flight tech lags and SAF infrastructure is more simple.(14:04) Being a startup leader focusing on sustainability and compliance.(16:07) Which flight operators are currently using SAF?(20:35) This episode’s song recommendation.(21:22) This episode’s mantra.Featured Artist and Song:Ice Cream Paint Job by SoDownLinks mentioned in this episode:Aether FuelsSAF Grand ChallengeDepartment of EnergySustainable Aviation Buyers AllianceEco-Skies AllianceEveryone Deserves The Chance To Fly by WICKED, music was chosen by Alyssa NorrisConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD00:00 SAF reduces emissions, fossil reliance, and aids sustainability.03:44 SAF uses hydrogen, carbon, and various waste sources.08:46 Increasing SAF adoption will reduce its cost.10:15 SAF enables existing infrastructure use, batteries are inefficient.14:03 Startup focuses on sustainability, compliance, and stakeholder engagement.16:05 Alaska and United boost sustainable aviation fuel initiatives.19:50 Aqualab sponsors moisture analysis in fuels discussion.
22m
29/10/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: AI Innovations in Food with Ravi Karkara and Vinay Indraganti

Ravi Karkara and Vinay Indraganti, from AI For Food Global Initiative, join the Drip to discuss their new book ‘The AI for Food Movement’. We'll explore how AI is transforming food production, from creating consistent culinary experiences to enhancing sustainability. Tune in as we address challenges like AI adoption fears and data integration, the role in flavor development and personalized dining, and manufacturing efficiencies. In this episode, you’ll hear about:Flavor and texture customization through AIThe use of AI  in R&D, production, and logisticsRevolutionizing quality control in food production with computer visionHow AI ensures consistent and repeatable food experiencesEthical considerations in automationJump to:(03:39) How big data optimizes farming and food logistics.(08:25) Sustainability innovations in agriculture: AI, emissions and drones.(10:58) How AI enhances sensory neuroscience and flavor chemistry.(17:10) The AI vending machine which offers customizable drink combinations.(24:09) There is a need to promote positive AI perception in processed food.(26:26) Mastering AI involves data integration and artistry.(30:08) Building AI-skilled professionals for sustainable food production.(33:44) Establish boundaries, evaluate regularly, and address ethical implications.(36:08) Food's cultural, political, and religious dimensions influence meaning.(41:40) This episode’s song recommendation(42:24) This episode's mantraFeatured Artist and Song:Places to Be by Fred again..Links mentioned in this episode:SKALA for Moisture ControlAI For Food Global InitativeConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
43m
16/10/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Noroviruses, Influenza Risks, and Cutting-Edge Detection Methods

Matthew Moore is an Associate Professor at the University of Massachusetts, Department of Food Science who is recognized for his groundbreaking research on foodborne pathogens. In this episode, we’ll tackle the risks of influenza H5N1 jumping to mammals and debunk misconceptions about foodborne illnesses, especially noroviruses. We’ll also explore cutting-edge virus detection methods using magnetic liquids and nanopore technology, and discuss the impact of climate change on virus transmission. In this episode, you’ll hear about:Viral vs. bacterial foodborne illnessesHow do noroviruses survive the journey through your body?The impact of climate change on foodborne viruses and mycotoxinsCutting-edge work in virus detection and concentrationWhy policy matters when it comes to controlling outbreaks… and why it's not just cruise ships affected by norovirusesJump to:(05:56) Viruses must withstand harsh conditions to infect.(08:14) Key Nnorovirus research: viral entry, replication, and ongoing breakthroughs.(12:56) Using bacteria to capture viruses cost-effectively.(14:04) Engineering E. Coli for norovirus detection and collaboration.(17:08) Fingerprint norovirus to identify outbreaks accurately.(23:50) Researching virus resistance to disinfectants and application.(25:20) Students advancing magnetic liquids for virus detection.(29:05) How climate change and mycotoxins affect food safety.(33:01) Current H5N1 risk to humans remains low.(36:00) The guest’s favorite artist and song(38:34) Featured artist and song(39:13) This episode’s MantraFeatured Artist and Song:Falling Flying by GRiZLinks mentioned in this episode:University of Massachusetts, Department of Food ScienceDr Matthew Moore’s current researchOutstanding Young Scientist Award in honor of Samuel Cate PrescottCalculating Infinity by The Dillinger Escape Plan, music was chosen by Matthew MooreConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
40m
01/10/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Mario Gonzalez and High Pressure Food Processing

Mario Gonzalez Angulo is the HPP Food Applications Manager at Hiperbaric High Pressure Technologies. Curious about how your guacamole stays fresh? High Pressure Processing (HPP) is a non-thermal food preservation method that harnesses oceanic-level pressures to inactivate foodborne pathogens and extend the shelf life of various products… all while preserving their nutritional and sensory qualities. We’ll explore the history, application, and potential of this revolutionary technology, as well as its effects on the molecular level. In this episode, you’ll hear about:The journey of HPP from its first mention in 1899What food products are benefiting from HPP – from guacamole to baby foodWhy water activity needs to be between 0.97 and 1 for optimal HPP effectivenessHow the method keeps your food pathogen-free AND flavorfulHow the applications of HPP extend beyond foodJump to:(04:43) pH and water activity determine microbial inactivation.(06:54) How pressure affects weak bonds, not strong covalent bonds.(12:50) Why clostridium botulinum struggles to grow in coconut water.(16:54) The guest’s favorite artist and song(20:30) Featured artist and song(22:31) This episode’s MantraFeatured Artist and Song:Cheshmhaye Tameshki by Marjan Farsad, sung by Roodabeh DerakhshanianLinks mentioned in this episode:Hiperbaric High Pressure TechnologiesThe Scientist by Coldplay, music was chosen by Mario Gonzalez AnguloConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
24m
17/09/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB – Probiotics Unpacked: Stability, Water Activity, and Innovations with Subhendu Nayak

Subhendu Nayak is the Director of Formulation (Probiotics and Herbal) at Vida Herbs. He joins The Drip to talk about the complexities of manufacturing, from blending to storage, and the crucial role of water activity in maintaining probiotic potency. We'll also explore the nuances between CFU and AFU measurements and discuss innovative yet straightforward solutions. In this episode, you’ll hear about:Water activity in probioticsColony Forming Units (CFU) versus Active Fluorescent Units (AFU)Spore-forming, non-spore-forming, and next-generation typesManufacturing processes like blending, encapsulation, and packagingHow keeping solutions uncomplicated can lead to better success and innovationJump to:(03:39) How AW measures the vapor pressure ratio in foods.(08:01) Minimize water activity to prevent probiotic die-off.(10:12) Molecular sieves control water activity and maintain potency.(15:20) Preferred sugar alcohols for coolness.(17:34) Granular ingredients ensure better stick-pack sealing.(22:54) Water activity control in oil prevents decay.(25:39) Plate counting measures CFU per gram. (30:20) Viable but unculturable cell health benefits questioned.(32:41) The guest’s favorite artist and song(35:09) Featured artist and song(38:25) This episode’s MantraFeatured Artist and Song:Sometimes Somehow by Eric E.Links mentioned in this episode:Vidya HerbsOne Dance by Drake, music was chosen by SubhenduConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
40m
20/08/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: The Biochar Solution with Pratikshya Silwal

Transforming Invasive Plants into Valuable Resources – The Biochar Solution with Pratikshya SilwalPratikshya Silwal recently finished for PhD in agricultural economics from Oklahoma State University. She joins The Drip to share how biochar, a form of charcoal produced through pyrolysis, can be used as a sustainable additive in potting mixes. We'll uncover how it can replace conventional components, the size and growth of the global biochar market, and its environmental impact. Pratikshya also shares insights into her groundbreaking research on converting the problematic eastern red cedar tree into valuable biochar and discusses consumer willingness to adopt this innovative product.  In this episode, you’ll hear about:What is biochar, and how is it produced through pyrolysis?The factors that are driving the growth of the global biochar marketHow biochar in soil contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissionsPratikshya’s research on using the invasive eastern red cedar… and which other plant species can be used to produce biocharJump to:(01:05) What is biochar?(03:39) How the invasive eastern red cedar threatens ecosystems and agriculture.(07:32) Some studies show negative effects of biochar.(12:14) The power of the optimistic mindset: everything happens for the best.(14:44) Featured artist and song(15:46) This episode’s MantraFeatured Artist and Song:Midnight Thoughts by McNastyLinks mentioned in this episode:Oklahoma State University‘Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality’ by Liuwei Wang, Jiayu Deng, Xiaodong Yang, Renjie Hou and Deyi HouOne Love by Blue, music was chosen by Pratikshya SilwalConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
17m
23/07/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Ultra-processed food with guest Marlana Malerich

Marlana Malerich is the Co-Founder and Sustainable Food Systems Researcher at the Rooted Research Collective (RRC). Marlana, poised to begin her PhD at Sussex University, has spent the last six months focused on ultra-processed foods and plant-based meat alternatives. She joins the show to unpack the complexities of defining and understanding ultra-processed foods through systems like NOVA and Nutri-Score. In this episode, you’ll hear about:The NOVA nutritional framework vs the Nutri-score system The history behind hyper palatability of ultra-processed foods – and its link with tobacco companiesIssues with moisture sorting affecting shelf life and texturePros and cons between plant-based and animal-based productsBalancing your diet while navigating the complexity of food classification systemsJump to:(03:50) Negative effects of globally distributed junk food.(08:18) Focus on alternative proteins, and challenges with food advertising.(11:07) Media focusing on ultra-processed foods labeling.(14:38) Ultra-processed foods are designed for overconsumption.(20:07) Plant-based options vary in nutrition quality.(23:39 Reminding myself to appreciate being here alive.(26:50) Featured artist and song(29:09) This episode’s MantraFeatured Artist and Song:Deep Mind by ROBMONLinks mentioned in this episode:‘Nutrition and health. The issue is not food, nor nutrients, so much as processing’ by Carlos A Monteiro‘The Impact of Transnational ‘‘Big Food’’ Companies on the South: A View from Brazil’ by Carlos A Monteiro‘Ultra-processed foods: how functional is the NOVA system?’ by Véronique Braesco, et al'Hyper-Palatable Foods: Development of a Quantitative Definition and Application to the US Food System Database' by Tera L. FazzinoIs the Ultra-processed Food (UPF) concept useful, and for what goals?‘Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses’ by Melissa M Lane et al‘Food Politics’ by Marion NestleAlabora (Foxall Pale Blue Remix) by Beyhude, music was chosen by Marlana MalerichConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
30m
10/07/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Navigating Food Safety Challenges with Bruce Ferree

Navigating Food Safety Challenges: Bruce Ferree’s 40-Year Career in Food ScienceBruce Ferree, a food safety consultant, unpacks the world of food safety and quality management. Bruce's career spans over four decades, encompassing meats, poultry, dairy, and aseptic processing roles. He’s a distinguished member of the Institute of Food Technologists and a former US Marine and cancer survivor. Bruce shares valuable insights from his vast experience in the food industry, the evolution of food safety culture, and the significance of consistency, continuous improvement, and prevention.In this episode, you’ll hear about:The key changes in the culture of food safety and quality over Bruce’s careerThe importance of CCP (Consistency, Continuous Improvement, and Prevention)Military discipline transferred to food scienceHow surviving cancer influenced Bruce’s perspective on life and workSome key strategies that professional organizations like IFT can adopt to effectively convey scientific information to consumersJump to:(05:03) Workers who take ownership of quality and safety.(07:14) Integration of quality teams for efficient collaboration.(12:39) Challenges in food safety mirror cancer survival.(17:09) Diverse food scientists unite in global organization.(19:13) Pesticides, heavy metals and public awareness.(25:00) Featured artist and song(25:57) This episode’s MantraFeatured Artist and Song:QUEMA by NASTY CATLinks mentioned in this episode:Institute of Food TechnologistsBang the Drum All Day by Todd Rundgren, music was chosen by Bruce Ferree.Connect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
28m
26/06/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Innovations in the Middle East and North Africa with Fidele El Achkar

Digitizing Food Safety: Innovations in Middle East and North Africa with Fidele El AchkarFidele El Achkar is the visionary founder of FoodSight, an initiative aimed at revolutionizing the food industry in the Middle East and North Africa. By digitizing food safety and industry activities, Fidele seeks to modernize traditional practices, ensuring they align with global trends. FoodSight fosters collaboration among freelancers, international experts, and service providers, creating an ecosystem where stakeholders work together using a customized approach. In this episode, you’ll hear about:Addressing food safety issues in Lebanon and the MENA regionHow FoodSight is uniting industry stakeholders and creating job opportunitiesThe digitization of food industry activities and how it’s revolutionizing food safety and efficiencyAssisting producers with export and compliance issuesHow other regions around the world can learn from the success of FoodSightJump to:(05:19) How FoodSight aims to unite industry stakeholders and create job opportunities.(07:01) Assisting producers with export and compliance issues.(11:58) Experts fill out detailed profiles and questionnaires.(16:17) Repositioning FoodSights as a social enterprise and expanding globally.(19:44) This episode’s song.(21:40) This episode’s mantra.Featured Artist and Song:FIGHT 4 ME by NASTY CATLinks mentioned in this episode:FoodSightFidele El Ackhar on LinkedInWoman by Andreya Triana,a song recommendation by Fidele El AchkarConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
23m
11/06/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: Microplastics in Food with Angela Anandappa

Angela Anandappa, Ph. D. is the founding director of the Alliance for Advanced Sanitation. Anandappa is an experienced food safety industry professional having worked in the supply chain, product development, and sanitation areas of the food manufacturing industry. In this episode we unpack the alarming prevalence of microplastics, explore their pathways into our food supply, and discuss the potential solutions and innovations in sustainable packaging. In this episode, you’ll hear about:The average intake of microplastics by an AmericanUnderstanding the complexities of recycling and how to overcome themAdvanced sanitation's role in integrating sustainability with food safety Strategies for significantly reducing microplastics' impactA call for a more unified and capable recycling system within the USJump to:(04:29) How consumers are influenced by multiple sustainability standards and options.(09:02) The Animal Digestible Food Packaging Initiative's mission for sustainability.(11:33) Why the food industry must take action to reduce microplastics.(14:51) How to not be overwhelmed by fighting climate change.(17:11) Featured artist and song.(19:17) This episode’s Mantra.Featured Artist and Song:2L8 by NASTY CATLinks mentioned in this episode:Alliance for Advanced SanitationAnimal Digestible Food Packaging InitiativeJason Mraz,  music was chosen by Angela AnandappaConnect with the showAQUALABZachary Cartwright, PhD
21m
28/05/2024

The Drip by AQUALAB: The Truth About Raw Milk; Savana Everhart Nunn breaks down the risks

The Truth About Raw Milk: Breaking Down the Risks with Savana Everhart NunnSavana Everhart Nunn, PhD in One Health Sciences from Texas Tech University, joins the show to share why the US government agencies caution against consuming raw milk. We also explore the implications of not pasteurizing milk, and Savana’s groundbreaking research on mastitis in dairy cattle. Whether you're a food science enthusiast or just curious about the science behind your daily foods… you're in the right place.In this episode, you’ll hear about:What does pasteurization involve and why is it necessary for milk safety?Who is at greater risk when consuming raw milk?The pathogenic bacteria most commonly found in raw milkHow animal health directly impacts food safety and human healthHow Savana helped pioneer a PhD program in One Health SciencesJump to:(06:07) Why HTST is the common pasteurization method in the US.(08:41) The negligible benefits and risks of drinking raw milk.(11:44) Penicillin resistance in US dairy.(13:50) The challenges of grad school and coping with mental health.(19:28) The scientists analyzing big data to solve problems.(21:41) Passionate about zoonoses and improving animal health.(25:14) Featured artist and song(26:03) This episode's MantraFeatured Artist and Song:THE SMOKE by CΔTΔLYSTLinks mentioned in this episode:‘Factors Surrounding the Implementation of Food Safety Management Systems and Their Impact on Food Safety Culture’ by Savana Everhart Nunn‘Cross-Contamination to Surfaces in Consumer Kitchens Using MS2 as a Tracer Organism in Ground Turkey Patties’ by Savana Everhart Nunn, et al.Institute for One Health InnovationEuclid by Sleep Token, music recommended by Savana Everhart Nunn.Connect with the showAQUALAB
28m
14/05/2024

The Drip: Why Does My Wine Smell Funky? Uncovering the Science of Wine Spoilage

Today, we dive into the intriguing world of wine, exploring why some bottles can unpleasantly surprise your senses with aromas resembling barnyards or dirty socks. Drawing from my doctoral research on the pesky wine spoilage yeast, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, at Washington State University under Dr. Edwards, I'll unpack how this microorganism infiltrates wineries and impacts your wine’s bouquet. From unsettling findings in vineyard pumice to the challenges of eradicating Brett from oak barrels, join me as we unravel the complexities of wine microbiology.In this episode, you’ll hear about:What causes wine spoilageUsed barrels, insects, and bulk wineCompounds produced by Brettanomyces and their effectsStudy on the survival of Brettanomyces in vineyard conditions… and how to control Brettanomyces populationsJump to:(03:22) How compounds in wine create various aromas.(07:20) Studying Brettanomyces survival in Washington vineyards.(10:16) Heating methods and effects on oak barrels.(12:53) How Brettanomyces populations in oak barrels are affected.(18:26) This episode’s song and mantra.This episodes song and artist:SOULMATESCΔTΔLYSTLinks mentioned in this episode:‘Survival of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in grape pomace and reduction of populations by application of heat and sulfites’ by Z.M. Cartwright and B.R. Bondada‘Application of Heated Water to Reduce Populations of Brettanomyces bruxellensis Present in Oak Barrel Staves’ by Z.M. Cartwright and Charles G EdwardsConnect with the showAQUALAB
24m