In this episode we return take a look at the man that made the famous shot at the Second Battle of Adobe Walls and hear from him about what he remembered. This episode shares his memories of the attack and fight. What was it like to actually be there? Listen and hear from someone who experienced it firsthand. The song at the end, Magenta, is by the great Bo Bundy! The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Jason Harrell Payton Matous Bo Bundy Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With this episode we take a look at the man that made the famous shot at the Second Battle of Adobe Walls and hear from him about what he remembered. This episode shares his background memories to the days leading up to the conflict. What was it like to actually be there? Listen and hear from someone who experienced it firsthand. The song at the end, Mi Barrio, is by the great Bo Bundy! The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1874 a group of buffalo hunters were camped about a mile from the site of where representatives of the trading firm of Bent, St. Vrain and Company had established a trading post in the 1840s.  Ten years later the encamped buffalo hunters, hide men and merchants fought the Second Battle of Adobe Walls on June 27, 1874. The hide hunters had built a number of log buildings and surrounded it with an eight foot high corral fence made from cottonwood tree trunks that they had harvested from nearby creeks. They had two stores, a blacksmith shop, and a saloon. The location served as a place for the buffalo hunters to sell their hides and stock up with supplies. The Plains tribes were not happy with the situation. The Adobe Walls camp violated the terms of the Medicine Lodge Treaty. A young Comanche prophet named Isa-tai called for the People to gather for a Sun Dance where he called for vengeance. He claimed they would be invulnerable to the bullets of the hunters. Quanah Parker and hundreds of others answered the call. Near dawn most of the hunters were trying to repair a ridgepole in Hnrahan’s saloon when the Comanches, Kiowas, and Cheyennes led by Quanah Parker and Isa-tai attacked. There were twenty-eight men, including Bat Masterson and Billy Dixon and one woman, Hannah Olds who worked as a cook, in the camp. When the attack began they sought protection of cover in Jim Hanrahan’s Saloon. Myers and Leonard’s Store and Wright’s Store They lost two men in the first attack, two teamster brothers that had been sleeping outside in their wagon.  The attackers also killed a Newfoundland dog. All three were scalped. The attacks continued until about noon, killing another man. A fourth defender accidentally killed himself by the discharge of his own gun. The attackers then set siege for about four or five days. They did not launch anymore attacks but set siege for about four or five days. It must have been a grim and tense period of time. It was on the second day that Willie Dixon made his famous shot. A group of fifteen to twenty Cheyennes appeared on a high mesa overlooking the post and from a distance of seven-eighths of a mile away Dixon fired, shooting one of the warriors off of his horse with his Sharps rifle. He hit the ground before the sound of the shot reached the group. Dixon himself must have been amazed. Word spread and other buffalo hunters came to the rescue. By the fifth day, when the Plains attackers withdrew from the fight, there were more than 100 defenders at Adobe Walls. The warriors had lost about thirty men, not being invulnerable to the bullets. Quanah himself was wounded and Isa-Tai had his horse shot out from under him. The defenders decorated the corral with twelve Plains warriors heads. Not long after the Second Battle of Adobe Walls, the United States military launched the Red River War of 1874 to 1875, which led to the Plains tribes settling on the reservations near Fort Sill in Indian Territory.  The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic The song at the end of the episode is Kade Anson's Pawnshop Past Palestine. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In June 1939 the Flake family, originally from Marshall, Texas bought a house in the 900 block East Annie Street in Fort Worth, Texas. On June 19, 1939, Juneteenth, a mob numbering near 500 destroyed their home. Why? They were black and had been audacious enough to move into a mostly white area of the north Texas city. That day should have been a day of celebration for the Flake family. Seventy-four years earlier, in the island city of Galveston, Union troops, many of them being black men serving with the United States Colored Troops, brought news of freedom to the enslaved people of Texas. It was a momentous occasion and word of freedom spread from the coast of Texas and spider webbed its way out and across the countryside to at least 250,000 people held in bondage in the state. General Order Number 3 contained the phrase “The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves.” But the freedmen and freedwomen and their descendants did not receive absolute equality in reality. The rebels and their descendants, using violence, intimidation and law, placed a number of barriers and hurdles between them and this term, “absolute equality.” But having endured for hundreds of years in slavery, the freed people and their descendants persevered and fought for years more as the state and nation continued to evolve towards this noble goal. Eighty-two years after the Juneteenth riot and destruction of the Flake family’s home in Fort Worth, and 156 years after the first Juneteenth, a woman named Opal Lee was present in Washington D.C. when President Joe Biden signed the act passed by Congress making Juneteenth a national holiday. She was 94 years old. She had been twelve when her house had been destroyed on Juneteenth 1939. This episode is an attempt to share the story of Juneteenth and the power of perseverance. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic The song at the end of the episode is Prayers to a Lesser God by Texas History Lessons spotlight artist, Payton Matous. Check out his new EP and new single everywhere that music is available. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On May 31, 1783, a band of Mescalero Apaches killed a man named Fernando Veramendi near the presidio of San Juan Bautista in Coahuila. Veramendi and the Veramendi family played an important part in the early history of Texas and of San Antonio. A San Antonio businessman and alderman, Veramendi was only about forty years old on May 31, 1783 when he was away from home on a business trip to Mexico City when he found himself at the mercy of the Apache raiders. Fernando had been born in Pamplona, Spain in either 1743 or 1744 and left Spain to practice his merchant trade in New Spain in search of success and wealth. He was in La Bahia, Texas by 1770 and his business occasionally required him to visit San Antonio, where he met and married married Doña María Josefa Granados on April 17, 1776. Her family were one of the famous Canary Islander settler families that had been brought to Texas 1731 to boost settlement of Texas.  After his marriage, his business thrived in San Antonio-he ran a store, loaned out money, and purchased large tracts of land. As his success grew, he gained the wealth to build a wonderful house on Soledad Street. This home became known as the Veramendi Palace.  His success made him a leader in community affairs. Veramendi was an alderman of the ayuntamiento in 1779 and in the year he died, 1783, he was elected senior alderman. His son, Juan Martin de Veramendi, was 4 and a half when his father died. He carried on in his father’s successes and was elected vice governor of Coahuila y Texas in 1830 and was governor from 1832 to 1833. Fernando’s granddaughter and Juan Martin’s daughter, Ursala Maria married the notorious Texas legend Jim Bowie of Alamo fame in 1831, but sadly Juan Martin de Veramendi, wife Josefa, and Ursala Bowie died of cholera in 1833. As an added note, Ben Milam died in 1835 just outside or just inside the Veramendi house and he was first buried on the house’s grounds before being reinterred elsewhere. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic The song at the end of the episode is by Texas History Lessons new spotlight artist, Colton Mathis. The song Fight, and a new one, Always Mad, are available everywhere you listen to music... If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Let's go to Polkafest on Memorial Day Weekend! In this episode Payton Matous joins the podcast to talk about the history and heritage of Czech Texans with a special focus on the National Polka Festival in Ennis. Make plans to visit Ennis, Texas in Memorial Day weekend this year and in the future for a great time. Payton is a talented musical artist and graces the show with two unreleased songs. His EP Prayers to a Lesser God was released on May 11, 2022 and the title track ends this episode. Follow him on Twitter: @payton_matous and listen to his music everywhere you listen to music. The National Polka Festival in Ennis, Texas The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On May 5, 1718, Martin de Alarcon founded the San Antonio de Bexar Presidio on the west side of the San Antonio River, about a quarter league from the San Antonio de Valero Mission that had been established on May 1. Settlement did not happen immediately but the presidio and the mission were the foundation of the Villa de Bexar, the most important town in Spanish Texas.  A lot of history has happened in this very special site near San Pedro Springs. What began as a village of Payaya Coahuiltecans called Yanaguana grew into San Antonio, the second most populous city in Texas and the 12th most in North America. It is the oldest municipality in Texas. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On May 4, 1847, Pope Pius IX established the Catholic Diocese of Galveston. From 1847 until 1874 the diocese covered all of Texas and parts of modern day Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming. The Diocese of San Antonio and the Vicariate Apostolic of Brownsville were carved out of it 1874. Jean Marie Odin was named the Diocese of Galveston’s first bishop and with twelve priests he served 20,000 Catholics that were spread out over about 360,000 square miles. The Diocese included ten already established churches and an Ursuline Sisters convent. The diocese's first cathedral church is the beautiful St. Mary Cathedral Basilica in Galveston that Odin had overseen construction of. Odin served as bishop until 1861, when he became the second archbishop of New Orleans. In the mid-1900s the Diocese of Galveston became the Diocese of Galveston-Houston and in 2004 it became the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Today it includes 8,880 square miles of ten counties in the southeastern area of Texas: Galveston, Harris, Austin, Brazoria, Fort Bend, Grimes, Montgomery, San Jacinto, Walker and Waller. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Seth Jones Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On May 3, 1968, a major medical advance occurred at Houston’s St. Luke’s Hospital. Surgeon Denton Cooley and his associates transplanted the heart donated by a fifteen year old girl to Everett Thomas. Cooley and Houston doctor Michael E. DeBakey had been working on developing heart surgery to the point that they could do heart transplantation. Cooley got there first and DeBakey and he would have a strange competition for years to come. Despite the odd rivalry, or maybe because of it, as Chester Burns describes it, Cooley, DeBakey and the teams of medical personnel in Houston “displayed extraordinary courage and technical expertise as they established the world's standards for heart surgery in newborn infants, for replacing diseased arteries with artificial and venous grafts, and for replacing diseased heart valves with artificial ones during open-heart operations.” Thomas lived for 204 days with the new heart. And for quite a long time life expectancy was short. But with every medical advancement things have improved. People of all ages have heart transplants today and doctors are still searching for new advancements and solutions. Thomas lived for 204 days but now people can live for decades. Living 15 to 20 years after a transplant is becoming the standard result. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic Payton Matous performs Healing Side of Heartbreak at the end of the episode. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In lesson 17 we take a look at al-Andalus, Islamic Spain, and the Reconquista. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic The song at the end of the episode is by Texas History Lessons new spotlight artist, Jason Harrell. The song, Free is on his More Than I Was album.. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On May 2, 1874, Texas Governor Richard Coke, who was originally from Virginia, gave a man named John B. Jones command of the recently created Frontier Battalion of Texas Rangers. John B. Jones is one of those interesting characters that fill the pages of Texas history. He’d been born in South Carolina in 1834 and came to Texas with his family in 1838, while Texas was still in its early phase of being an independent republic. He lived in Travis County at first and over the years moved to land that became part of Matagorda County and then to a site in modern Navarro County. Being from South Carolina, it should be no surprise that Jones was one of many Texans that opposed Sam Houston’s desire to remain in the United States when the Civil War started. During the war, he established a reputation that led nineteenth century Texas Rangers’ historian Wilburn Hill King writing that Jones had established “an excellent record as a man of superior business tact and judgment, and on the battle-field his coolness, quickness of judgment, breadth of comprehension, soldierly skill, and management had marked him as one to trust in time of difficulty."  Unhappy with the war’s results, this unreconstructed rebel decided to go to Mexico to create a Confederate colony for likeminded folks. This didn’t last long and he returned to Texas. In 1868 he ran and won a spot in the Texas state legislature as a representative for Ellis, Hill, Kaufman and Navarro counties. He never served, however, because the Republicans in power denied him his seat. The legislature authorized the formation of a battalion of Texas Rangers in January 1874 to enforce Governor Coke’s demand an end to raids on settlements by Native Americans and the enforcement of law in the already settled interior. This became known as the Frontier Battalion, with six companies containing 75 men in each. This lead to Governor Coke naming John B. Jones as commander of the Frontier Battalion with the rank of major. Jones reported that during the battalions first six months of service the Frontier Battalion had engaged with fourteen of the forty known raiding parties. During the second six months they only engaged in four fights with the Native American raiders. After the first year, the Frontier Battalion Jones reported only six raids and one small battle. During this time, Jones reported an estimated thirty-seven Indians killed with the battalion only having six men wounded and losing only two to death.  It’s important to remember that this time coincided with the United States Army’s Red River war against the Southern Plains Tribes that resulted in the majority of the Comanches and Kiowas moving to the reservation at Fort Sill, near modern day Lawton, Oklahoma. Jones commanded the Frontier Battalion for seven years. One of the highlights of his command was the pursuit of outlaw gang led by Sam Bass, which led to Bass’s death near Round Rock in 1878. Jones died at 46 years old in Austin on July 19, 1881 while serving as the state’s adjutant general and still commanding the Frontier Battalion. A court order ended the battalion in 1900. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic The song at the end of the episode is by Texas History Lessons new spotlight artist, Payton Matous. The song, The Boy With Blood on His Hands is on the Campfire Sessions EP. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We celebrate May 1, 1718 as the day that San Antonio had its beginnings. The site had already been a very important one for a very long time. For the Coahuiltecans it was home and a sacred site. San Pedro Springs and the San Antonio river were sacred waters for the Coahuiltecans. Spanish explorers had visited the area several times before, but it was in 1718 that the governor of Coahuila y Tejas, Martín de Alarcón, received instructions to found a mission, presidio, and settlement on the San Antonio River. He set out from San Juan Bautista in April. Andalusian Spain born Father Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares was supposed to have traveled with Alarcon but due to some kind of disagreement and chose to travel separately.  Olivares had already been to the area in 1709 when he accompanied Pedro de Aguirre’s expedition north as chaplain. On that trip they reached the site of San Antonio which was the location of a Payaya Indian village at San Pedro Springs known as Yanaguana. He worked for years to get permission to return to Yanaguana to set up a mission. And in 1718 it happened. Father Olivares arrived on May 1, 1718, the day that Governor Martin de Alarcon formally founded Mission San Antonio de Valero. Two different witnesses give different locations. One says that it was about three quarters of a league down the creek from San Pedro Springs, about two miles. Another says it was only about a mile down the creek. Both agree that it was on the west bank. It would be moved a few times until reaching its current location. The Mission was named after Portuguese Catholic priest Fernando Martins de Bulhões who lived between 1195-1231 and was canonized as Saint Antonio (Anthony) of Padua by Pope Gregory IX on May 30, 1232.  Father Olivares began his mission work his missionary work on the banks of the San Antonio River in a jacal or thatched hut, with three or four converted Indians. A diarist wrote that wrote that “The place in which we find ourselves is very pretty because of the woods near the spring.” Writing in 1785, Fray Jose Francisco Lopez wrote that the mission was “founded with Indians of various nations, such as the Hierbipiames, Pataguas, Scipxames, Xaranames, Samas, Payatas (these last two were the principal ones), Yutas, Kiowas, Tovs, and Tamiques; but all these may be considered as Samas and Payas, whose language is in general use.” The Mission relocated three times until it ultimately arrived at its current location in 1724. Four days later, on May 5, 1718, marks the founding of four days later by the nearby San Antonio de Béxar Presidio and the civil settlement, Villa de Béxar. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 30, 1926, Bessie Coleman, the first black person in the world to obtain a pilot’s license, died during a test flight before a Negro Welfare League sponsored air show in Jacksonville, Florida. An amazing person, Bessie Coleman had been born in Atlanta, Texas on January 26, 1892. It was in Chicago during the First World War that she heard stories about the aviators exploits overseas and she began to dream of flying herself. A nice dream, and a dream it would have stayed had she not persevered. As a couple of sources explain, “her brothers served in the military during World War I and came home with stories from their time in France. Her brother John teased her because French women were allowed to learn how to fly airplanes and Bessie could not. This made Bessie want to become a pilot.” American flight schools would not let her enter to learn. But she did not give up.  With aid from Robert S. Abbott, editor of the Chicago Weekly Defender, she contacted schools abroad, learned French in night classes, and in 1920 she traveled overseas to an aviation school in Le Crotoy, France. She studied for ten months and on June 15, 1921, the same year Amelia Earhart began to take lessons she was issued an international pilot’s license by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. She was the first Black person in the world to become a licensed pilot. Bessie Coleman returned to America thrilled crowds with demonstrations of her sensational flying abilities. Her daredevil feats in air shows led to her getting the nickname "Brave Bessie." Bessie encouraged other young African Americans to fly and dreamed of opening a black aviation school. She refused to participate in any air show that didn’t allow black people to be in the audience. Sadly she did not live long enough to see her dreams come true. She died in 1926, in an accident while taking a test flight at a Florida air show. But Brave Bessie Coleman left a powerful inspirational legacy for others and in 1929, a flying school for African Americans was founded in Coleman's honor in Los Angeles.  -- The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 29, 1554 a severe storm blasted a convoy of four Spanish treasure ships. Three sank and one escaped. Four ships, the Espiritu Santo, the San Esteban, the Santa Maria de Yciar and the San Andreas set sail from San Juan de Ulúa, down near Veracruz, Mexico, on April 9, 1554, with Antonio Corzo as captain-general.  The combined cargoes of the four ships had an estimated value of a little over two million pesos. This equaled more than $9.8 million in value in 1975, which means today the cargo has the value of $52,370,617.10. Twenty days later they were caught in a storm and the Espiritu Santo, the San Esteban, and the Santa Maria de Yciar sank. The San Andreas escaped and reached Havana. It was so damaged that it had to be scrapped rather than undergo repair. It is believed that half to two thirds of the 300 people on the three battered ships that sank drowned before they could make it to the shore of Padre Island. For perspective, recall that Cabeza de Vaca and his surviving cohorts from the ill fated Narvaez expedition had crashed ashore just about twenty five years before, in 1528. Things had not gone well for them and things did not go well for the survivors of these ships. A small group, including some skilled mariners, set out to sea in one of the boats that had been saved from the sunken ships. Their goal was to reach Mexico and organize a relief expedition. The larger group that remained set out on foot. They did not understand the distance they would have to travel.  As you might expect, they ran into some problems with some of the indigenous bands along the way and as the Handbook of Texas puts it, the trip became a death march. They made it as far as the Rio Grande before they started suffering casualties. But when they crossed the Rio Grande they lost the few crossbows they carried. After that they were constantly stalked and picked off. Only one person survived to reach Panuco: Fray Marcos de Mena, a Dominican lay brother.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 28, well a lot of things have happened on April 28th. I have a confession to make. Usually I have a hard time narrowing it down to the one historical event that I want to cover in the Daily Dose of Texas History, and after doing that I have a hard time making it short enough to justify being called a daily dose.  Well…April 28th is not that kind of day. A lot of cool things can be remembered about this day but I haven’t found the one quite yet that gets me into digging much deeper. So here are multiple important events that happened on April 28th in Texas history. On April 28, 1854, Henry Philemon Attwater was born in Brighton, England. He spent a considerable time studying natural history in Texas and he is the namesake of Attwater's greater prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) in addition to several other species. Actress Carolyn Jones was born April 28, 1933 in Amarillo. She went out to California and starred in about 30 movies, including 1955’s Seven Year Itch. She died in 1983. Barton “Botchery” Koch, Baylor star football guard and 1930 All American, died in Temple, Texas on April 28, 1964. He’d been born in Temple in 1907. On May 28, 1980, Dallas’s Reunion Arena opened. It served as the home for both the Dallas Mavericks and the Dallas Stars, as well as many music events over the years before being closed in 2008 and demolished in 2009. And on May 28, 1981, Houston born football star Mike Singletary, was drafted by the Chicago Bears as the 38th pick in the NFL draft after being a three time All-Southwest Conference player. Even if you are just a little bit knowledgeable about football, you probably know that he had an amazing career in the NFL. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 27, 1950, the Barker Texas History Center opened on the University of Texas at Austin Campus. Today it is known as the Eugene C. Barker Texas History Collection. It was named in honor of Eugene C. Barker, a very distinguished professor at UT and one of the major Texas historians of all time. Born in Walker County, Texas, on November 10, 1874, Barker first entered the University of Texas in 1895. He spent the rest of his life there. He received the B.A. degree in the spring of 1899 and the M.A. in 1900. He then worked in the university history department as tutor from 1899–1901, then as an instructor from 1901 to 1908), an adjunct professor from 1908 to 1911, an associate professor from 1911 to 1913, a professor from 1913 to 1951, and professor emeritus from 1951to 1956. He was director of the Texas State Historical Association from 1910 to 1937. He collected, edited, and published The Austin Papers. This collection of Austin’s correspondence that covered the years from 1789 to 1837 was published by the American Historical Association between 1924 and 1928, and the University of Texas Press, 1927. He then published his classic, The Life of Stephen F. Austin was published in 1925. In addition to these significant accomplishments he also published Mexico and Texas, 1821–1835 in 1928; Readings in Texas History in 192); The Father of Texas in 1935, and in collaboration with Amelia W. Williams, The Writings of Sam Houston from 1938 to 1943. He also worked with William E. Dodd, Henry S. Commager, and Walter Prescott Webb on a series of public school textbooks for Row and Peterson.. The Barker Center originally was in the Old Library Building, now called Battle Hall. It move in 1971 to Sid Richardson Hall, located on the eastern edge of the campus adjacent to the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library. Then, in 1991 the Barker Center became a division of the university's newly organized Center for American History. The Center for American History is now the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History. The Center became an independent operating unit in August 1994. The Barker Collection is a thing of wonder for many, especially someone like me. It has more than 130,000 books and periodicals, about 3,500 individual collections of personal papers and official records, and a vast newspaper collection. In addition to all of that treasure it also has about 750,000 photographs, 30,000 recordings and over 30,000 printed and manuscript maps. So, yeah, send me down to Austin to have access that and I’d be in heaven. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 26, 1854 the United States War Department ordered Randolph B. Marcy to assist Indian Agent Robert S. Neighbors in locating and surveying land for reservations in unsettled territory.  Marcy and Neighbors did their job and after consulting with the Native American groups that the reservations were being created for, the chose a site of four leagues of land on the Brazos River near Fort Belknap, near modern Newcastle in Young County. This would be home for the Caddos, Wacos and others.  A second site was selected forty miles away on the Clear Fork of the Brazos.  This would be the reservation for the Comanches. Too make a long story short, things were difficult for the reservations. The Brazos Reservation became home to about 2,000 Native Americans. Caddo, Anadarko, Waco, and Tonkawa Indians had their own villages. These peoples were already successful farmers and had been for generations and grew corn, wheat, vegetables, and melons. After the treaty of August 30, 1855, about 450 of the Penateka or southern Comanches settled on the reservation established for them. They were taught to cultivate corn, melons, beans, pumpkins and other vegetables and they did very well, or would have had it not been for extreme drought that kept them from growing all that they needed. When Kickapoos, northern Comanches and others raided, the inhabitants of the reservations were blamed. The reservations were too close to the old Comanche raiding trail into Mexico and troublemakers would intrude from it and entice some Comanches to join them on raids. There wasn’t enough protection from the federal troops for the reservation, and disappointingly, white hostility to the Native Americans living on the reservations was intense and hard to control from erupting into violence. Things were on the verge of getting out of control by 1858 and the safety of the reservation dwellers was a major of great concern due to white hostility and threats. They were removed from Texas and sent to Indian Territory in 1859. Both reservations reverted to the state when this happened. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 25, 1875 three Black Seminole Scouts performed acts of bravery that earned them the Medal of Honor. If you want a little more information on the history of the Black Seminoles and the Black Seminole Scouts then go check out the full episode I did on Johanna July and the Black Seminoles. After living in Mexico since 1850, several Black Seminoles crossed the Rio Grande in 1870 with hopes of someday returning to Indian Territory. With that goal in mind, many of them agreed to serve as scouts in the United States Army and they quickly gained a great reputation for their valor and service as Black Seminole Indian Scouts. Based out of Fort Clark near modern Bracketville, Texas, they participated in regular patrols to watch against property raids by Native Americans. For much of the existence of the Black Seminole Indian Scouts were commanded by Lieutenant John L. Bullis. One of the scouts, Joseph Phillips, had this to say of Bullis: “That feller suffer just like we did out in the woods. He was a good man. He was a Injun fighter. He was tough. He didn't care how big a bunch they was, he went into 'em every time, but he look after his men. His men was on equality, too. He didn't stand back and say 'go yonder,' he say 'come on boys, let's go get 'em." For over a week Lieutenant Bullis and Black Seminole Scouts Sergeant John Ward, Private Pompey Factor, and Trumpeter Isaac Payne had been pursuing a band of Comanche or Apache raiders that had stolen about 75 horses on a raid. Remember that this was after the Black Seminole Scouts had participated in Mackenzie’s Red River War the previous winter that pretty much led to most of the Kiowas and Comanches settling in Indian Territory on their reservation near Fort Sill. Still, some bands did not completely end their raids. Four days before April 25, the four had separated from a larger force and traveled west alone. They road their horses with a few supplies and armed with Spencer carbines. They followed a trail for 170 miles over three days. They found a fresh trail and northwest towards Eagle Nest Crossing and reached the Pecos River.  They found the raiders herding the horses across to the west bank of the Pecos. They counted 75 horses and twenty-five to thirty raiders. So what do you do with a force of four against those odds? Well, Lieutenant John Bullis decided to attack. Bulis, Ward, Factor and Payne crawled down the canyon until they were 75 yards away and opened fire. They held the position for about 45 minutes and their efforts had started to disperse the horse herd. The Comanches located the position of the four men and started to outflank them. Bullis and the Scouts started to draw back towards their horses. The Comanches were in hot pursuit. Ward, Factor and Payne were able to mount their rides and started to withdraw but Lieutenant Bullis’s horse spooked and he was stuck afoot. Sergeant John Ward realized the dire predicament his commander was in and wheeled around to head to the rescue with Isaac Payne and Pompey Factor following. Payne and Factor laid down cover fire while Ward reached Bullis and pulled him up behind. Ward’s carbine’s stock had been shattered by a bullet just behind the breach. Bullis was definitely a dead man had they not done this and the threat was so great that their return could have meant their deaths too. Instead, as the raiders fired on them, all four were able to ride away and escape. For their courage above and beyond the call of duty at Eagle’s Nest Crossing on April 25, 1875, John Ward, Isaac Payne, and Pompey Factor were awarded the Congressional Medal of honor on May, 28, 1875.  The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 24, 1931, O.P. DeWalt was assassinated. You might not have heard of Mr. DeWalt before so let’s fix that right now. I had some trouble finding out a lot about Mr. DeWalt, and that’s sad, but I’ll do my best. Olen P. DeWalt, usually referred to as O.P. was born near Livingston in Polk County, Texas around the year 1890 to John and Caroline DeWalt. After getting educated in a rural area school, DeWalt entered Prairie View College in 1907 and graduated with honors in 1910.  He moved to Houston and started working as a real estate agent with T.M. Fairchild. In 1913 he married Maud Pernetter. He served briefly as the principal for Independent Heights High School before opening the Lincoln Theater, the first exclusively black theater in Houston. He also maintained a real estate office in the theater’s upper floors. The upper floors also served as a professional space and meeting place for African-American fraternities. Mr. DeWalt was a charter member of the Houston branch of the NAACP when it was founded in 1918 and served as its president during the 1920s.  The KKK was growing and spreading its message of hate during these years. It became quite strong in Texas. The Klan controlled many town and city governments throughout the state and even had significant control in the Texas state legislature. Mr. O.P. DeWalt took a vocal stand against the Ku Klux Klan and worked as an influential civil-rights leader decades before the important Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. He fought against the Democratic Party’s effort to exclude black participation by having “white only” Democratic voting primaries. Mr. DeWalt also worked for the establishment of a branch of the National Urban League in Houston. The National Urban League is an historic civil rights organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of economic and social justice for African Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States. After speaking out passionately against the KKK, Mr. O.P. DeWalt was shot to death on April 24, 1931 in front of the Lincoln Theater. The police left it on the books as an unsolved crime.  Funeral services were held both in Houston and in Livingston. He was buried where he was born. He packed a lot of good into his 41 years.  So, today with this Daily Dose of Texas history, we honor the memory of this valiant man that stood and fought on the side of justice. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 23, 1936, Roy Kelton Orbison was born in Vernon, Texas. For y’all that don’t have the map of Texas tattooed on your brain, Vernon is up in Wilbarger County near the Red River, about 50 miles west of Wichita Falls. One of my favorite history professors, Hunt Tooley, was from Vernon too. Not sure when his birthday is.  Whether Dr. Tooley was an Orbison fan or not is not known, but I can pretty confidently say that Mr. Orbison was one of the great singers and songwriters to hail from Texas and he was and still is loved by thousands of folks. One thing I should point out is that I always thought Mr. Orbison was blind. He was famous for always having dark sunglasses on. As it turns out, he was not blind, but he did have very, very, very bad eyesight. He grew up in Wink, Texas, even more west than Vernon. Wink is way out west in Winkler County near Monahans and Pecos, about a hundred miles southeast of Carlsbad. He got his first guitar when he was six and since then music became a central part of his life and Roy started his first band, the Wink Westerners, there when he was attending Wink High School. After high school, Roy attended North Texas State College in Denton, Texas for a while. That’s just north of Dallas and Fort Worth in Denton County and on I-35. North Texas State College is now the University of North Texas and they have a world famous music program there. He then went to Odessa Junior College. In Odessa, the Wink Westerners changed their name to the Teen Kings. He, and they, had their first hit after he left college in 1956. The song is Ooby Dooby and it was released by none other than the legendary Sun Records. You know Sun Records. They were the company that also released music by Elvis Presley, Charlie Rich, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash, to name a few. Kind of like an early version of 301 Productions with its current lineup of great Texas musicians. Roy went on to have several hits. Twenty-two Orbison singles reached the Billboard Top 40 between 1960 and 1966. He wrote or co-wrote almost all of his Top 10 Hits: "Only the Lonely" in 1960, "Running Scared" in 1961, "Crying" 1961, "In Dreams" 1963, and "Oh, Pretty Woman" (1964). If you haven’t heard one of these or any Roy Orbison songs then you need to crawl out of the rock you’ve been under and get a little culture. Your ears will thank you. Because of his greatness, Orbison was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. He also was recognized with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement award along with five actual Grammy Awards. He co-founded the great supergroup, Traveling Wilburys in 1988 with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne. Sadly, Orbison died of a heart attack in December 1988 at age 52, a month before the release of his song "You Got It." It was his first hit to reach the US & UK Top 10 in nearly 25 years. So here’s to the memory of Roy Orbison, born on April 23, 1936. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 22, 1836, the day after the Battle of San Jacinto, modern Harris County near the city of Houston, Texian soldiers captured Santa Anna. The day before, on April 21, Sam Houston’s rag tag army attacked Santa Anna’s larger army at about 3:30 in the afternoon. Santa Anna was asleep when the Texas soldiers launched the attack. Santa Anna awoke to a chaotic scene of the Texans savagely routing his army. There was nothing to do to change the course of the battle. He chose to escape rather than die. On the morning of April 22, Texian patrols still searched the countryside. One patrol, led by a Kentucky volunteer named James Sylvester, found Santa Anna hiding in the grass. He did not try to flee again. Stephen Harrigan wrote that Santa Anna displayed an instinctive arrogance when “he stood up from the grass and presumed to shake Sylvester’s hand.” They asked if he had seen Santa Anna. He told them that Santa Anna was farther ahead and they marched him back to camp. Major John Forbes saw one of the young Texans bringing Santa Anna into camp. Santa Anna stepped forward and said the words “Sam Houston” a couple of times, motioning to where the wounded general lay beneath a tree with a shattered ankle. He pulled out a paper and Forbes looked at it and understood. The salutation read, Don Lopez de Santa Anna.  Santa Anna was then marched to the command tent where Houston lay in pain beneath a large oak tree. The Spanish officers among the prisoners attempted to keep the men quiet but soon across the camp the words, “El Presidente! El Presidente!” could be heard. Forbes remembered that Houston lifted himself up on his elbow to see the prisoner. Forbes said, and this is a quote, “the prisoner immediately addressed him, telling him who he was and surrendering himself to him, a Prisoner of War. General Houston looked at him intensely but made no reply.”  Houston sent for interpreters and people to identify Santa Anna. The exact exchange of words between Houston and Santa Anna was not recorded. Houston recalled that Santa Anna stated, “The conqueror of the Napoleon of the West is born to no common destiny, and he can afford to be generous to the vanquished.”  Houston claimed to have replied, “You should have remembered that, sir, at the Alamo.” Santa Anna claimed that having to storm the Alamo allowed the slaughter and then added that he was acting on the orders of the government. Houston responded, “You are the government yourself, sir.”  The Texan soldiers crowding around wanted Santa Anna to be executed. Houston thought it wiser to keep Santa Anna alive. Days later Santa Anna would order the other branches of the Mexican army to retreat and he eventually signed two treaties.  The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Seth Jones Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 21, 1836, after a lot of miserable experiences, constant retreating, and a lot of questions about Sam Houston’s decision making and nerve, the Texas Army routed the Mexican Army led by General Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón, usually just called Santa Anna here in Texas, at the Battle of San Jacinto. The victory came at a very good time because people all over Texas were in a panic and the future for them looked grim. Houston was constantly disappointed at the turnout of Texas men to fight with him and issued many calls for Texans to step up, get rid of their cowardice, and fight for independence. Many Texans were busy fleeing with their families and possessions in the Runaway Scrape towards safety in the east. Some thought that Houston himself was fleeing to the east with hopes that the United States Army might step in and save him. President Burnett had no faith in Houston. The bloodletting of Texas rebels at Goliad and at the Alamo had many fired up for revenge and probably also a little concerned about what might happen if they came out to be on the losing end of the conflict. The fact of the matter is that people were concerned because Houston had not been very open about his real plans and goals. Most of the men wanted to fight and frequently voiced their disillusionment. That all came to an end on April 21, 1836.   Hidden in part by trees and the rising ground, Houston had his forces take position about 3:30 in the afternoon.  With cries of Remember the Alamo and Remember Goliad, the Texas army lunged forward. Eighteen minutes later the bloodbath of a battle was over. This time the Texans were victorious. The Texian officers lost control of the men and the violence reached a terrifying level. In the end, Houston’s report states that 630 Mexicans were dead and 730 were held prisoner. In eighteen minutes. The Texian army lost 9 killed or mortally wounded and thirty soldiers were wounded but survived. Houston himself had his ankle shattered by a musket ball during the combat.  Santa Anna disappeared during the bloodshed but was eventually captured. Texans would base their independence on the two treaties Santa Anna would sign in future days from April 21st.  So there you go. That, in a nutshell, is why April 21st is celebrated across the state of Texas. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 20, 1842, twenty-one German noblemen met at Biebrich on the Rhine river, near Mainz and organized the Verein zum Schutze deutscher Einwanderer in Texas, or in words most of you will understand the Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas. Most often you’ll see it referred to as the Adelsverein. Adelsverein means Society in German. The creation of the Adelsverein marked the beginning of the very significant German impact on Texas history and heritage. Why would these German noblemen decide to do such a thing on April 20, 1842? From the early 1830s to the early 1840s, several publications had appeared in Germany praising Texas as a land of great personal liberty that was rich in abundant and productive land. These publications caught the attention of many people in Germany who were interested in finding a great destination for increasing German emigration. Texas sounded like the ideal place to settle. The reason for the emigration scheme was to provide the German proletariat with economic relief with direct emigration to Texas. There was a surplus of German labor and they needed a home where they could thrive. They also hoped that the establishment of German settlements in Texas would provide German industry with markets abroad help develop German maritime commerce. The Adelsverein sent two members to investigate and purchase land, counts Joseph of Boos-Waldeck and Victor August of Leiningen. Sam Houston offered them a land grant west of Austin but they declined out of their fear of Native American raids. Instead they purchased 4,428 acres in Fayette County. Later, they did indeed also select land to the west. The first German immigrants arrived in Texas in December 1844, and over time over 7,000 Germans arrived to their new Texas home and planted deep roots into the Texas heritage and soil. Even more would follow after the Adelsverein finally ceased to exist. New Braunfels and Fredericksburg were the society’s first colonies. Bettina, Castell, Leiningen, Meerholz, and Schoenburg followed. The Adelsverein eventually fell apart but German migration to Texas continued. By 1850 Germans made up 5 percent of the population of Texas. Today about 3,000,000 people in Texas, or close to 20%, have German ancestry.  The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 19, 1875, Tsen-tainte, or White Horse, led his followers to Fort Sill in Indian Territory and surrendered after years of waging war against his enemies. The end had come to the way of life that they had struggled to maintain against the constant westward flow of settlers onto their lands.  White Horse for a very long time had been considered by white Texans to be the most dangerous man in a nation of fierce warriors, the Kiowa. Now his years of terrorizing settlers had reached an end. His reputation was one that he had fairly earned since his youth, and he had paid for it with the blood of his foes. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 18, 1931, Texas Sports Hall of Fame member and hometown son of Saint Jo, Texas, Harley Sewell was born. After growing up in Montague County, the Saint Jo Panther football star attended the University of Texas in Austin. Standing 6 feet 1 inch and weighing in at 230 pounds, Harvey Sewell was a dominant defensive player and was a 1952 All American. He was the Defensive Most valuable player at the 1953 Cotton Bowl against Tennessee. The UT defense, thanks in large part to Mr. Sewell, allowed only 6 Tennessee first downs and 32 yards of total offense. Tennessee had negative 14 rushing yards for the game. He was also an All Southwest Conference guard in 1951 and 1952. Everyone remembered him as a very hard working, exceptionally quick player. Sewell went on to play eleven seasons in the NFL. He was the thirteenth pick in the first round of the 1953 NFL draft and was selected by the Detroit Lions. Detroit moved him from defense and made him an offensive guard. He started at right guard as a rookie and was important part of the team that won the 1953 NFL championship. He played for Detroit from 1953 to 1962 and then played for the Los Angeles Rams for 1963. Sewell made it to 4 Pro Bowls, in 1957, 1958, 1959, and in 1962. After his career as a player ended, he went on to scout for the Los Angeles Rams for 37 years. Harley Sewell was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2000. Mr. Sewell died at age 80 on December 17, 2011. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On April 17, 1871 the Texas legislature passed a bill that has great relevance to thousands of people today and thousands more in the past. It was the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War and Edmund J. Davis was governor. It was on that day, a Monday to be precise, that the legislature passed a bill providing for the organization of the Texas Agricultural & Mechanical College and allocated $75,000 for the construction of academic buildings and accommodations. Governor Davis placed three men on a commission of three men and gave them the task of finding a location for the college on a site no smaller than 1,280 acres of land. Brazos County and the town of Bryan, which had just incorporated as a municipality that year, won the competition, largely due to the efforts of a gentleman named Harvey Mitchell, and it was a competition because there’s no doubt that the college would be an important asset to any town or city. Some University of Texas alumni might disagree. Final establishment and organization of the college took a little while, and A&M opened in 1876. This college was the first public institution of higher learning for the State of Texas and, of course, grew to become today’s Texas A&M University, one of the leading research universities in the country. The legislature renamed it Texas A&M in 1963 and today the Bryan-College Station university has a campus that covers over 5,500 acres and provides educations to over 70,000 undergrads, graduates students, and doctoral students. It is also home to the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum. Famous alumni are too many to consider but they do include RIP Torn, Robert Earle Keen, Lyle Lovett, and Rick Perry. Now, A&M was supposed to have opened on October 2, 1876 but this had to be delayed because only 6 students had enrolled. A couple of days later, on October 4, 1876 A&M opened for business with 40 students, all males, and 6 faculty. Today the University has over 3,800 academic staff members and over 70,000 students making it the largest public university in the United States. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we look at the history of the world in its relation to the early history of Spain and the dawn of the Modern Age. From thousands of years ago through the Greeks, Romans, Visigoths, and the arrival of the Moors. "At the time that the New World and Old World exchange began, things were very different. That is almost an understatement of the fact because the exchange between them was a revolution of such a grand scale that it had impacts all over the planet. But to begin simply, let’s state that Spain did not exist as we now know it. In fact, for the places we call France, England, Spain, and Germany, for starters, the actual circumstances were far different. It was, to put it simply, a different world. There were 1500 independent political entities compared to the twenty or so we now recognize as European nation-states. The nation-state as we now know it did not begin coming into existence until the late 1700s. The European invasion of the Americas coincided with, and funded, the developments of the nation-state. What became Spain was divided into the Kingdoms of Castile & Leon, Aragon, Galicia, Asturias, and Granada." The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is a refresher on a few of the significant events in Texas History that occurred in the months of January, February, and March. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we take another look at the Karankawas and much more with special guest Tim Seiter. Tim is a PhD candidate at Southern Methodist University studying colonial Texas. He is currently working on a dissertation on the Karankawas and a book on the social history of presidio soldiers to be titled Wrangling Pelicans. Learn more at karankawas.com and timseiter.com The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. Listen to his new album, Interstate Daydreamer! Available everywhere you find good music. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we look at the life of Johanna July and her people, the Black Seminoles. Johanna July was an amazing person, tough, intelligent, and determined. She broke horses for the United States Army and her family fought in the Indian Wars on the Southern Plains and on the Border. From Florida, to Indian Territory, to Mexico and then to Texas, the Black Seminoles were fierce and free. The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. You can preorder his new album, Interstate Daydreamer on February 14 and it will be released on March 5, 2022. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Melvin E. Edwards joins Texas History Lessons in this episode to discuss his book The Eyes of Texans: From Slavery to the Texas Capitol: Personal Stories from Six Generations of One Family. The book is available from Amazon. Email Melvin at [email protected]. Follow Melvin on Twitter: @edwards21228 "Once you meet Isaac Bladen, you'll never forget him. "The Eyes of Texans: From Slavery to the Texas Capitol" is a 2020 Kops-Fetherling International Book Award winner (Bronze Medal) by Melvin E. Edwards, an award-winning newspaper reporter/columnist, and a former legislative speechwriter for long-time Texas Lt. Governor and Governor Rick Perry. Edwards' thirty years of genealogy research confirmed family stories that had been told for decades, exposed some that weren't accurate, and discovered details that had long been buried. These "first-person" accounts will capture your attention and take you on a drive-by of the past 200 years of American and Texas history. Isaac Bladen was born into slavery on a farm just outside of Washington, D.C., in a town that is named after the family that enslaved him. He and his Virginia-born wife, Elvira, ended up in Texas in 1844 as enslaved farmers in Leon County, where they had a daughter, Louisa, who eventually married Amos Jones. Louisa and Amos became the parents of Walter Jones. Louisa was born 15 years before the Civil War and died four months after the end of World War II at the age of 99. Her son, Walter, and daughter-in-law, Anna Thorn, had a son they named Orlean Jones. Orlean and Alma Logan Jones became the parents of Ella Jones Edwards, the author's mother. The Logans and the Bladens lived in the same county at the same time as early as 1856, though it would take decades before they crossed family lines when Orlean and Alma married in 1923. For more than 100 years, beginning in 1844, their ancestors lived in Leon County, Texas, as farmers and cowboys, before moving to Houston for a “fresh start.” Nearly two centuries after Isaac's birth in Bladensburg, Maryland, his great-great-great-grandson rose to a key role at the Texas State Capitol just two hours away from where Isaac was enslaved for most of his life in Leona. This is a story of Texas through the eyes of true Texans. From a slave in the 19th century to a governor’s speechwriter by the end of the 20th century. It is a creative re-telling based on actual events and family stories." *2021 Best Book Award by AMG Indie Book Awards. * *Bronze Award Winner for Memoir/Autobiography in the 2020 Kops-Fetherling International Book Award competition.* The Texas History Lessons Theme song, Walking Through History, was written and recorded by Derrick McClendon. You can preorder his new album, Interstate Daydreamer on February 14 and it will be released on March 5, 2022. Thank you Derrick! Twitter: @dmclendonmusic If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With this episode we continue Part 2 of Texas History Lessons: New Spain's Provincias Internas - the Internal Provinces. We continue looking at the power of ideas and how they shape our history and then take another look at the legacy of New Spain in Texas. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With this episode we launch Part 2 of Texas History Lessons: New Spain's Northern Borderlands. We begin by looking at the power of ideas and how they shape our history. This is Part 1 of the lesson. In Part 2 we will continue our look at the power and importance of ideas and look at the legacy of New Spain in Texas. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting it on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Website: texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artists Jerrod Flusche Rosmand – Mando Salas Zach Welch Seth Jones Derrick McClendon Kade Anson Randy Hoyet on Spotify Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Podcast Recommendations: Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast LINKS: If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We are closing out the year with some Texas sized fun. Movie, book, and music recommendations for your consideration fill the show. Regularly expected history will return in the next episode.. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL LINKS: Tio Bruce's The Greatest Playlist In Texas and Hence the World.  Texas History Lessons Spotlight Artist Spotify Playlist 301 Productions Spotify Playlist Derrick McClendon Randy Hoyet on Spotify Rosmand – Mando Salas Kade Anson Robert Herrerra Jacob Charles Chris Cunningham Tristyn Sanchez The Oliver White Group Zach Welch Seth Jones Jerrod Flusche Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we continue our look at several key events in Texas history, including the annexation of Texas, the arrival of the Second United States Cavalry Regiment to Texas, the Battle of Pease River, and more. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song played at the break is by Rosmand, Old Dogs. At the end of the show are Zack Welch's Scumbag, Tristyn Sanchez's My Own Hell, Rosmand's Forever, and Jerrod Flusche's Hell Bound in a Hurry. Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! and Seth Jones new release As It Changes! Listen to Rosmand on Spotify! Listen to Zach Welch on Spotify! Listen to Tristyn Sanchez on Spotify! Listen to Jerrod Flusche on Spotify! Wild West Extravaganza Podcast The History Cafe Podcast Hymns of the Highway Podcast Off Mic, Off the Record Podcast Texas River Tonk Podcast TXRiverTonk Podcast If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we look at several key events in Texas history, including where Uvalde gets its name, the Goliad Declaration of Independence,, the death of Stephen F. Austin, the inauguration of Texas second president, Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, and much more. So many great things happened in December that this is only Part 1 of 2. The songs played in this episode are by Rosmand, All We Got, and then two at the end from new THL spotlight artists Seth Jones--As It Goes and Zach Welch -- Ada. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! and Seth Jones new release As It Changes! Mando Salas and Rosmand are on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Zach Welch is on Twitter under @zachwelchmusic, Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Facebook Group: Texas History Lessons Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we investigate some interesting and significant events in Texas that have occurred in the month of November over the centuries, including the landing of the Narvaez expedition survivors off the coast of Texas, the Neutral Ground agreement, the curious life of the Baron de Bastrop, the curious and inquisitive creator Gail Borden, the birth of the Texas Rangers, the Grass Fight of the Texas Revolution, the failed attempt to take much of New Mexico, the outlaw Belle Starr, and more. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The songs played at the end of the episode are a new one from THL spotlight artist Rosmand, All We Got, and then one from new THL spotlight artist Zach Welch, Enough, from the 2021 album Punchy Shirts & Broken Hearts, produced by 301Productions. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! and Seth Jones new release As It Changes! Mando Salas and Rosmand are on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Zach Welch is on Twitter under @zachwelchmusic, Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography, videography or aerial photography and video, go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This Month In Texas History for October deals with Coronado's first venture onto the Llano Estacado and his description of it in 1541. New Spain's 1759 attempt to punish the Nortenos, the Comanches, Wichitas, Tonkawas, and others for the destruction of the San Saba Mission, the beginning of the Texas Revolution in 1835, the siege of Bexar, the inauguration of Sam Houston, the annexation of Texas, the Great Hanging in Gainesville, Texas during 1862, and Satanta's death in 1878. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "Old Dogs," the new release from Rosmand, THL's spotlight artist. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! and Seth Jones new release As It Changes! Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episodes ends the series on the Texas cattle drives of 1866 to 1890 and looks at the factors that led to the end of the era of the Long Drive. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "Living This Way" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we take a look at the development of Texas railroads and begin to consider their relationship to the Long Drive era. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "Forever" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we explore the interactions of the cattle drives with the Native American nations, including the Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, Comanche, and Kiowa. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "Old Dogs" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we celebrate many important dates in September Texas History including the September 16, 1810 Cry of Dolores that launched the struggle for Mexican independence, the election of Sam Houston as the first president of the Texas Republic and many more. From the settlement of the lower Rio Grande to the Galveston Hurricane of 1900. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "I Love" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Also-be sure to listen to Zach Welch's new song Ada! Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In honor of the 121st anniversary of the devastating Galveston Hurricane of September 8, 1900 this episode is being re-released for those that haven't heard it yet. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we continue the series on the Texas cattle drives and take a look at the trails that were used- the Shawnee Trail, the Chisholm Trail, the Western Trail, and the Goodnight-Loving Trail. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "Old Dogs" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Part 3 of the series on the Texas Cattle Drives we look at how the trail drives were organized, who were the cowboys, what the cattle were like and what the cowboys faced on a drive. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "O Lord" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we continue the series on the Texas Cattle Drives of 1866 to 1890. We review the foundations of the ranching industry and look at the motivations for driving extremely large numbers and cattle start to look at the people that stepped in to make it happen. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "I Love" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we try to look at the story of Texas over several Augusts since the 1700s. An especially important event covered is the Battle of Medina, fought in August 1813. This event, and its aftermath, had a significant role in shaping Texas. If you are enjoying Texas History Lessons, consider buying me a cup of coffee by clicking here! Help make Texas History Lessons by supporting on Patreon. And a special thanks to everyone that already does. texashistorylessons.com email: [email protected] Twitter: @TexasHistoryL If you have any photography project needs from real estate photography to help sell a place or aerial videos of a property or event, I want you to consider contracting Panther City Air. With top notch equipment and expert skill, Panther City Air can fulfill just about anything you need. Panther City Air’s drone pilot is TSA background-checked, Part 107 certified, and carries multiple drones (each insured) to meet the challenges of your mission. Upon completion of your flight, the data gathered can sometimes be quickly shared in the field, or taken to be edited/processed in a timely manner to meet your needs. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS's aka drones) are commonly used for aerial photography or videography, while other solutions include construction progress documentation, roof or tower inspections, crop health analysis, 3D modeling, among many others. Click here to watch the video showing the 1836 San Antonio map transition to the present day. So go visit PANTHER CITY AIR to see how they can fulfill your needs.   The song heard at the beginning and end of this episode is "Sing" by the great Mando Salas, THL's spotlight artist. Mando Salas is a Texas Country musician and a Del Rio, Texas native. Performing under the band name Rosmand, Mando incorporates his roots into his songwriting and he has a great, distinctive voice that conveys a lot of feeling. When he sings about love, you can feel it and when he sings about loss and pain, you feel it.  Mando started his live music career began back in 2015 – and in 2016 he recorded his first single “Devil's River."  In July of 2018 he released a single titled “How It Goes” which was his first song to hit Texas Radio. “How It Goes” is a song that is also featured on his debut album “Forever” which was released August 2018. . And the great news is that Mando is currently working on his second album. I’ll let you know when its available. But for now, go to Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, Youtube, or wherever and listen to everything he has released. I guarantee that many of you are going to find a new favorite artist to love.  Mando Salas is on Twitter under @rosmandtex Mando Salas' band Rosmand has a great website. To visit click HERE! Listen to his music on Spotify! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode launches a special series on the Texas cattle drives of 1866 to 1890 and the entrepreneurial business people that made them work. This is actually an older project that I pulled from the Texas History Lessons filing cabinet to record while I finish up preparations for the New Spain and Texas lessons. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices