This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher Plato's work, The Republic, in particular book 1. Specifically it examines specifically the "traditional" conception of justice articulated by Polemarchus there -- a view which says justice is doing good to friends and bad to enemies. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler You can get a copy of Plato's Republic here - amzn.to/2wHmi3p

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher Plato's work, The Republic, in particular book 1. Specifically it examines the early discussion between Socrates and Cephalus, in which they are thinking about the relationship between wealth, good character, and happiness. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler You can get a copy of Plato's Republic here - amzn.to/2wHmi3p

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century analytic philosopher John Wisdom's essay in the philosophy of religion, "Gods", found in his collection "Philosophy and Psychoanalysis". It focuses specifically on his discussion towards the end of the work, where Wisdom draws some implications of the earlier points in the article for the reasonableness or propriety of belief in gods. He also discusses what he calls a "double and opposite phased change", which bears upon the origin and meaning of our feelings and beliefs. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase John Wisdom's "Gods" here - https://tinyurl.com/53edkaj4

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century analytic philosopher John Wisdom's essay in the philosophy of religion, "Gods", found in his collection "Philosophy and Psychoanalysis". It focuses specifically on his discussion of what he calls the "connecting technique", that is of noting features that different matters have in common, as well as of disconnecting and of noting unspoken or implicit connections To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase John Wisdom's "Gods" here - https://tinyurl.com/53edkaj4

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century analytic philosopher John Wisdom's essay in the philosophy of religion, "Gods", found in his collection "Philosophy and Psychoanalysis". It focuses specifically on his discussion of what he calls the "logic(s)" of disputes about the existence or nature of gods. By this, Wisdom has in mind the type of appeals or argumentation that people can use. Wisdom thinks that these disputes are not governed by the same logic as mathematical matters or empirically scientific matters, and bear closer similarities to those involved in legal matters, or better, aesthetic matters. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase John Wisdom's "Gods" here - https://tinyurl.com/53edkaj4

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century analytic philosopher John Wisdom's essay in the philosophy of religion, "Gods", found in his collection "Philosophy and Psychoanalysis". It focuses specifically on his discussion of the parable of the invisible gardener found in section 6 of the essay, the most often read and anthologized part of it. Wisdom develops this parable in order to bring out what disputes between theists and atheists about the existence of God often sound like. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase John Wisdom's "Gods" here - https://tinyurl.com/53edkaj4

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century analytic philosopher John Wisdom's essay in the philosophy of religion, "Gods", found in his collection "Philosophy and Psychoanalysis". It focuses specifically on his discussion of the different sources of questions that people could have or be motivated by in disputes about whether or not god(s) exist. One of these sources is experiential and another is metaphysical, but there is also a third source, which Wisdom analyses in more depth and detail, which has to do with interpretation. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase John Wisdom's "Gods" here - https://tinyurl.com/53edkaj4

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century analytic philosopher John Wisdom's essay in the philosophy of religion, "Gods", found in his collection "Philosophy and Psychoanalysis". It focuses specifically on his discussion of how we ought to understand the differences in perspective of theists and atheists in modern times. These differences are not, in Wisdom's view, about matters that are experimental, but have to be understood in other ways. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase John Wisdom's "Gods" here - https://tinyurl.com/53edkaj4

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the encounter with the Great Old One Cthulhu narrated within the story. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on one of the key settings referenced in the work, the vast city of R'Lyeh, where Cthulhu and other Great Old Ones lie dead but dreaming, communicating with human beings in times when the stars are not right. We learn about R'lyeh first in the dreams of Wilcox and the account of the prisoner Castro, and then we get a short glimpse of it in the account set down by Johansen To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the entities called the Great Old Ones, of which Cthulhu is one, and even has a role as their "priest". Many of the great old ones are within the sunken city of R'lyeh in a state neither alive nor dead, and communicate with sensitive humans through their dreams To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on what we learn of the cult of Cthulhu (and to a lesser extent) the other Great Old Ones, which according to the information provided by Castro, has existed among human beings from the start, spurred by communications in dreams from the Old Ones and the idols of them brought down from the stars. In the story, we learn of chapters of the cult existing in Greenland, Louisiana, the mountains of China, the south seas, the deserts of Arabia, and potentially other locations. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the images of the Great Old One Cthulhu that appear in the story. Some of these are bas-reliefs produced by human beings who have been communicated with by Cthulhu in their dreams. Others are statuary of unearthly stone brought down from the stars by the Old Ones whose location was revealed to the members of the cult To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the third part of the story, which includes an account originally written down by 2nd mate Johansen of the boat Emma, recapitulated by the narrator, of the encounter of the city of R'lyeh risen from the sea, and with the Great Old One Cthulhu To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the account provided by Inspector Legrasse to the American Archeological Society which explains how he came by the idol of Cthulhu which he consults the AAS members about. He tells them of a raid by New Orleans police on what they originally thought was a voodoo cult. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the dreams that the sculptor Henry Anthony Wilcox has, investigated by Professor Angell, which lead him to produce a bas-relief of Cthulhu, and culminate in a vision of a "mountain that walks". As it turns out, other sensitive souls also receive communications in their dreams from the Great Old Ones lying in their tombs in the city of R'lyeh To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on the narrative structure of this story, which is largely pieced together from necessarily secondhand accounts of dreams, police raids, encounters with cultists, and even meeting up with Cthulhu itself. We also look at the sources of information the narrator references in the story To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early 20th century weird and horror story writer, H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Call of Cthulhu", a classic work of cosmic horror and absolutely central to what will later come to be called the Cthulhu mythos. It focuses specifically on what he calls, in the first line of the story, "the most merciful thing", namely, "the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents." Lovecraft continues: "We live on a placid island of ignorance in the midst of black seas of infinity, and it was not meant that we should voyage far. The sciences, each straining in its own direction, have hitherto harmed us little; but some day the piecing together of dissociated knowledge will open up such terrifying vistas of reality, and of our frightful position therein, that we shall either go mad from the revelation or flee from the deadly light into the peace and safety of a new dark age." To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Read The Call of Cthulhu - https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cc.aspx

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the ending of the book and indeed of the Earthsea saga, with the mage-established stone wall between the living and the dead being dragged down by humans and dragons, the liberation of the dead, and the restoration of the dragons' portion To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the character of the Kargish princess, named Seserakh, and the alternation of appearances of passivity and timidity to actions involving courage on her part. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on how the village sorcerer, Alder, gives up his power and craft of mending, which is at the core of his person, in order to end his dreams of the dead, and to safeguard Earthsea from whatever danger they pose. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the different narratives of the Verdunan or agreement between human beings and dragons early on in Earthsea, before they were entirely separate beings. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the insights into the dragons' anger with human beings, provided by a dragon who originally started in human form, Orm Irian. The information she provides adds to what Tehanu was able to get in her earlier conversations with dragons on Havnor. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the institution of the King's Council that Lebannen had created in order to administer the isles of the Earthsea archipelago, and the workings of the council in attempting to deal with the problem of the dragons. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the young woman Tehanu's (formerly Therru's) task, requested by king Lebannen, of communicating with the dragons to determine why they are acting aggressively towards the humans in Earthsea To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the two leading questions that the former archmage Ged sends to his adoptive daughter Tehanu via the mender Alder. These two questions are: Who are those who go to the dry lands? Will a dragon cross the wall of stone? Working out the answers to these two questions guides the process of thinking out how to address the situation with Alder's dreams and the aggressiveness of the dragons To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the relationship between Tenar, former priestess of the Nameless Ones and adoptive mother of Therru, and Lebannen, the now-established but still young high king of the Archipelago. Lebannen calls Tenar for advice about how to deal with the incursions of the dragons, but ends up needing her expertise and insight in determining how to deal with the situation of the Karghish princess. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on how the leaders of the two main kingdoms in Earthsea - the Kargish high king, Thol and the king of the archipelago, Lebannen - begin to come to terms, and work out a peace between the two lands. This involves a third person, the Kargish princess. The demand to Lebannen that he give her the ring of peace and that they marry places him in a difficult situation. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on his claim that "virtue is its own reward". The Stoics (among others) maintain that virtue is both necessary and sufficient for human happiness, and that nothing else is as valuable as virtue. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on his discussion about different kinds of virtues, using an analogy to going uphill or downhill, where some of the virtues require us to make an effort to push upwards against resistance, and other virtues require us to use restraint to keep things from sliding downwards. For the most part the virtues of the first sort are sub-virtues of the cardinal virtue of courage, and the virtues of the second sort are sub-virtues of the cardinal virtues of temperance and justice To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on the responses to criticisms people tend to make against philosophers, mostly centered on the largely true fact that philosophers don't entirely measure up to the ideals they espouse. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on the relations between virtue and wealth, understood from a Stoic perspective. Unlike some schools who consider wealth to be a good though not the good, and other schools who believe that having wealth is incompatible with virtue, Seneca notes that the Stoics think that wealth is something external and indifferent, but which ought to be used rightly through virtue To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on his qualified defense of Epicurus' version of hedonism, which he views as different in those respects from other forms of hedonism, which often use Epicureanism as a cover for their indulgence. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on the joy, tranquility, and happiness that, in his view, result from pursuing, possessing, and acting in accordance with the virtues, as the Stoics understand them. These states are something distinct from the pleasure that hedonistic philosophical approaches make the measure for human happiness. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - https://amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the dreams that Alder, a village sorcerer whose talent is mending, tells to the aged former archmage Ged on the Isle of Gont. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on the distinction between pleasure and virtue as possible means to human happiness. Stoics think that virtue not only is the means to happiness, but is also one of the main components in human happiness. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - https://amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, The Other Wind, the sixth and final of her Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the views and speculations that the masters of Roke engage in when hearing about Alder's dreams of the stone wall separating the living from the dead in the Dry Land To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase The Other Wind - https://amzn.to/3A5qYBs

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on the mistaken views the many or the crowd have about the nature of human happiness. Seneca notes that when they make and reproduce mistakes, they don't simply affect themselves negatively, but also other people who end up falling into error. He also notes that many elites, particularly those who are superior to other people in terms of wealth, power, or status, are just as prone to these mistaken views on the happy life, and should also be regarded as part of the crowd To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - https://amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's work, On The Happy Life It focuses specifically on he Stoic definitions of the greatest goods that he provides early on in the work. Seneca writes; "Happy, therefore, is the life in agreement with its own nature. And there is no other way for this to come about than if the intellect is, first, healthy and in unending possession of its own health; next, strong and energetic; then, enduring most nobly, fitted to the times, caring for its body, and for the things that pertain to the body, without anxiety; then, attentive to the other things that equip life, without admiring any of them, and ready to use the gifts of fortune and not be their slave . . . Our good can also be defined in a different way—that is, the same proposition can be grasped with different words. Just as one and the same army is spread out more widely one moment and compacted more tightly the next, and it either arcs with the middle part curving out into wings or is arranged in a straight front, but no matter how it has been ordered it has the same strength and the same will to stand up for the same cause—so the definition of the highest good can sometimes be spread out and extended, and at other times be compressed and collected into itself. It will be the same thing, then, if I say, “The highest good is the mind looking down on the things of fortune, joyous in virtue,” or, “the mind’s undefeated strength, well versed in the ways of the world, calm in action, with much humanity and concern for those with whom it has contact.” One may also define it in such a way as to say that that human being is happy to whom nothing is good or bad except a good or bad mind; who is a cultivator of the morally good,” content with virtue; who is neither buoyed up nor broken by changes in fortune; who knows that there is no greater good than that which he can give to himself; to whom true pleasure will be scorning pleasures. One may, if you wish to range further, translate it into one and another form, without endangering or damaging its power. After all, what prevents us from saying that the happy life is a free, upright, fearless, and stable mind, placed beyond fear and beyond desire, to whom the only good is what is morally good, the only bad thing, disgrace, and the rest are a worthless swarm of things that neither subtract anything from the happy life nor add anything to it, coming and going without any increase or diminution of the highest good?" To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Seneca's On The Happy Life - https://amzn.to/3BrQD7T

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically it examines his discussion of the analogy he provides in that work between the Thing-In-Itself (Ding-in-sich) and the free human being, who exists both as a phenomenal and a noumenal being To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Kant's Groundwork for The Metaphysics of Morals - amzn.to/2ZXPYGr

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically it examines his discussion of the distinction and relation between three key faculties of the human being, which Kant terms reason, understanding, and sense To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Kant's Groundwork for The Metaphysics of Morals - amzn.to/2ZXPYGr

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically it examines his discussion of how categorical imperatives are possible. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Kant's Groundwork for The Metaphysics of Morals - amzn.to/2ZXPYGr

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically it examines his discussion of the distinction between three modes of presenting what he terms the "principle of morality" - one focused upon universality of the maxim of one's will, one on treating human beings as ends not just as means, and another focused upon a possible kingdom of ends. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Kant's Groundwork for The Metaphysics of Morals - amzn.to/2ZXPYGr

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically it examines his discussion of what he calls "heteronomy" in moral theories other than his own. He examines empirical principles of morality, which include moral feeling and individual happiness, and rational principles of morality, which include perfection or divine command. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Kant's Groundwork for The Metaphysics of Morals - amzn.to/2ZXPYGr

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, Tales From Earthsea, the fifth of six Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the story "Dragonfly", and focuses specifically on how Dragonfly whose true name is Irian (but not just that) finally finds her place at the end of the story, resolving the crisis of her admittance to Roke contrary to its rule, and advancing towards a resolution of the crisis that has been troubling Roke To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Tales From Earthsea - https://amzn.to/46O2nwS

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, Tales From Earthsea, the fifth of six Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the story "Dragonfly", and focuses specifically on the two crises at Roke Isle depicted and partly resolved in the story. The first and immediate crisis is what to do with Irian, who has been admitted to the Great House by the Master Doorkeeper, against the rule of Roke, which forbids women to study there. The second is a longer-brewing crisis, stemming from the absence of an archmage, the king Lebannen having crowned himself, dragons coming eastward, and the Master Summoner Thorion attempting to take power over Roke To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Tales From Earthsea - https://amzn.to/46O2nwS

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, Tales From Earthsea, the fifth of six Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the story "Dragonfly", and focuses specifically on the interactions between the young, not-quite wizard from Roke, Ivory, and the main character of the story, Dragonfly (whose true name is Irian). Ivory proposes to Dragonfly that she go to Roke and enter disguised as a man. He also wants and attempts to seduce her To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Tales From Earthsea - https://amzn.to/46O2nwS

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's book, Tales From Earthsea, the fifth of six Earthsea books It focuses specifically on the story "Dragonfly", and focuses specifically on the interactions between the local witch Rose and the Dragonfly, centering mainly on their conversations about magic, power, and names, on Rose's giving Dragonfly her true name Irian, and on their conversations about Roke, mages, men and women. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Tales From Earthsea - https://amzn.to/46O2nwS