The risk of a blood clot developing after a J&J vaccine is tiny, but it's also scary and confusing. We break down ways to evaluate vaccine options.

Remember when no one knew what this new thing called the ' novel coronavirus' was? Three KQED Science reporters remember some struggles, decisions and startling moments that shaped our coverage.

California's underwater kelp forests are suffering massive declines. But a new study shows that sea otters are helping to preserve kelp off the Central Coast.

Twelve years ago, Cal/OSHA passed a rule aimed at preparing hundreds of thousands of Californians from airborne disease. Why didn't it protect more people?

Federal wildlife officials say that monarch butterflies qualify to be protected as an endangered species but won't be receiving that protection for now.

Donald Trump had one of the most antienvironmental agendas in U.S. history, says Rolling Stone's Hannah Murphy. However, his administration 'was really quite bad' at carrying out its plans. KQED talks to Murphy about this and what Joe Biden can do to put the environment front and center.

'There are many things under the state's control that we can do to make this problem better,' said Michael Wara, who led the team assessing wildfire costs.

From a public health perspective, pasting a proverbial big X over something is frequently a losing bet. The solution: harm reduction, or allowing risky behavior provided that rules are imposed to lessen the chances of injury or illness.

The most promising solution is neighbors helping neighbors, so older adults living independently can evacuate in a disaster

The drug maker balks as 34 state attorneys general call on Washington to step in and authorize more manufacturers.

From rare magnolias to towering palm trees, the San Francisco Botanical Garden is a haven for plants threatened by climate change and deforestation around the globe.

There's nothing simple about solving racial inequity in science, but here is one place to start.

People who have avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are not just finicky about their food. Their phobias can lead to serious nutritional deficiencies.

With dry conditions and drought, this fire season could start early. Protect yourself, your family and your neighborhood by preparing now for a bad wildfire.

Bay Area researchers are joining forces with scientists around the world to trace the evolution of the COVID-19 virus, parsing its genome to contain its spread.

From the start of this pandemic, science news has unfolded at a dizzying pace and crushing volume. Scientific research, which usually creeps along in the background until publication day and then pops up to say something worthy, is suddenly making breathtaking international news every few days. The speed of science research has gone into overdrive and the media horde is hungry for answers. Science is meant to be a slow process of asking questions, then submitting the answers to the kind of vigorous probing ordinary people devote considerable energy to avoiding. After that is when the media report the answers—vetted! peer reviewed! confident!—usually with caveats attached: Areas where questions yet unasked are lingering to be sought after. But now, studies on COVID-19 therapies and possible therapies and could-be-someday-down-the-road-if-it-proves-out-in-mice-first-therapies make screaming headlines before the studies are vetted to assess their merits or limitations. As a result, the public has heard some contradictory and confusing results, and some claims that are flat-out wrong. KQED’s Tara Siler spoke with science reporter Danielle Venton about this problem and how to understand the science being reported these days. (Edited for length and clarity.) Why are people hearing so much science that’s not ready for prime-time? Danielle Venton: We're at a time where there’s this brand new problem, a brand new virus. There are so many unanswered questions. There's a huge need for research and a real desire to get it out quickly. Now, what is also true is that science can be a messy process and things aren't always correct. Science has a way of correcting itself, but unfortunately, right now, that process is happening in public. What do you mean by messy process? So many of the normal safeguards have been glossed over in this desire to get findings out quickly. Dr. Irving Steinberg is a professor of clinical pharmacy and pediatrics at USC. He's been talking and writing about this issue a lot, and he uses the analogy of working in a sausage factory where production suddenly had to be doubled because people were so hungry: “You can imagine that there might be some problems that would arise in the back room where science is adjudicated—whether it's in the lab or whether it's in the editorial processes—where the sausage is made. What the public is seeing is some of the spilled sausage out of the casing. You've got this sort of spillage of raw sausage. You know it's a food product, but you don't know what to do with it at that point. It's on the floor. It's dirty. I can't really put it on the grill. Maybe I can put it into a cast iron pan? We've left to the public too many things to figure out.” What could happen here is that the public may begin to doubt the results. And the danger here is that the public may begin to doubt science. Right now, we are in need of good science and for the public to trust it. What are some of the big failures in this pandemic, the so-called sausage spillage? Early in March, some researchers raised concerns in a letter—not a reviewed study—that ibuprofen could worsen COVID-19 symptoms. It wasn’t based on experimental data, it was a theoretical concern based on how ibuprofen works in cells. Three days later, the French health minister tweeted a message saying to avoid ibuprofen. The World Health Organization did the same thing and then reversed itself a day later. More scientists weighed in, and now it’s thought that it’s fine to take ibuprofen. The original worries were based on an incomplete understanding. A famous example is hydroxychloroquine, which was touted in public as a possible treatment for COVID-19 in an early study. The study was poorly designed and later retracted, but we saw some politicians, notably the president, seize on this and just shoot from the hip. Demand surged for the drug, so that some patients who need it for conditions like lupus and rhe...

Fire agencies and emergency managers are now planning how they'll fight wildfires, issue evacuation orders, set up shelters and handle power shutoffs in the face of the massive challenge of coping with a highly infectious disease.

Elective procedures, including brain surgery, are on hold to preserve hospital beds and conserve masks.

Experts are telling us that staying home is the one way to 'flatten the curve' of the number of cases of COVID-19. But when will we know if this massive change to our daily lives is having enough of an impact?

Looking for something new to do as you shelter in place? Now's a great time to take up stargazing.

The circles of potential exposures to the coronavirus can expand rapidly. In Solano County, the health department has had to follow up with over 400 people based on a single infection, says the county's health officer.

One of the most stunning discoveries of the 2015 New Horizons flyby mission to Pluto was a big, heart-shaped region full of canyons, plains and mountain chains.

The FDA has granted researchers “expanded access” to help people with treatment-resistent PTSD.

The landmark Sustainable Groundwater Management Act aims to keep aquifers healthy by requiring plans from newly formed local agencies. The policy represents a major shift, mandated by arguably the most important new California water law in 50 years.

The conflict between the state of California and a Silicon Valley billionaire over a beach on the San Mateo County coast is at an important juncture.

Stanford researchers suggest modern life has changed our internal thermostat.

A science communication researcher who is studying why some people think the Earth's surface is literally flat clues us in on who is buying this extremely wrong concept and how it has spread.

Family dynamics coupled with pumpkin pie can be extremely painful for people with eating issues.

Both California and federal health officials are probing the link between chemical food dyes and kids' behavior.

Despite an increase in insurance companies dropping coverage in fire-prone areas, nobody's ready to blow up the entire system yet. But some reforms may be on the way.

California farmers are receiving millions of dollars to pull carbon out of the atmosphere, making the state home to some of the first official 'carbon farmers' in the country.

The Trump administration is laying the groundwork to enlarge California’s biggest reservoir. But the project runs afoul of both state law and the Winnemem Wintu tribe, which says the expansion would end up submerging its sacred sites.

All about that oh-so-special feeling you get after a night of heavy drinking, from the author of "Proof: The Science of Booze."

On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state. Lots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we "spring forward" and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.

It doesn't have to be that way. Every heat death is preventable. It's just going to take time, money, and a strong standard for warning people of danger.

In the summer of 2017, heat waves killed 14 Bay Area residents. Officials called this climate-driven crisis a public health emergency. KQED examines who is vulnerable and why.

One year after devastating fires, the North Bay is grappling with how and where to rebuild.

But scientists still insist that it's not too late to save ourselves from the most menacing impacts of global warming. What can another "summit" contribute?

A new, long-term art and science project at the University of California Santa Cruz tests possible scenarios for what gardens might look like 50 years from now as regional temperatures continue to rise.

Worsening wildfires linked to climate change and forest management policies are causing unprecedented smoke pollution across the West and beyond, creating public health risks and undermining decades of air quality gains.

Every big fire has a meteorologist whose job is to help figure out what the fire might do next. So it helps if that meteorologist has a smoke-chaser.

Storing water doesn't necessarily mean pouring a lot of concrete anymore -- and that's affecting which projects get funded.

Experts say it’s possible to avoid catastrophic harm to human and forest health by setting planned burns before human error, lightning or arson choose when fires start. But it's easier said than done.

It's a little-known oddity about the changing climate: overnight low temperatures are rising faster than daytime highs. That's not good news for the fire season.

The zoo says its new California Trail is designed to re-acquaint visitors with native species, including some long gone.

In Hollywood, it’s not all about getting the science right; it’s really about how science can inspire the twists and turns in a great story. We talk with the man who helps ignite that inspiration.

California voters have not passed a statewide ballot measure to provide funding for parks, beaches, wildlife and forests since 2006. This measure provides 4.1 billion dollars for parks, beaches and water projects, with a focus on parks in low-income neighborhoods.

Homeowners who install rainwater catchment systems would not have to pay property taxes on the home improvement, if voters pass Prop. 72 on June 5th.

Michael Mann, a leading scientist and agitator for climate action, says his concern is growing, but the situation isn't hopeless ... yet.