In today's podcast I chat with Jason Bell about his book Cracking the Nazi Code, the story of Winthrop Bell, a Canadian academic and MI6 agent who witnessed the rise of Nazism first hand. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Join historian us on a journey into the intricate world of international politics during the aftermath of World War I in the latest episode of the Explaining History Podcast. In this episode, titled "Anglo-American Liberalism and the Mandate System 1918-1919," we delve into the clash between imperial ambitions, paternalism, and the ideals of Wilsonian internationalism.We will unravel the complex dynamics that unfolded at the Paris Peace Conference, where the victors of the war convened to shape the post-war world order. Focusing on the pivotal issue of mandates, we explore how Britain and France's imperial aspirations had to contend with the emerging influence of American and British liberalism.Throughout the episode, we navigate the ideological fault lines that emerged during the negotiations, as the imperial powers sought to maintain their dominance while grappling with the principles of self-determination and the promotion of democracy advocated by President Woodrow Wilson.We delve into the historical context that shaped the mandates system, a compromise between imperial control and the call for national sovereignty. This episode sheds light on the motivations and tensions that guided the decision-making process, highlighting the delicate balance between promoting stability and safeguarding the interests of indigenous populations.With meticulous research and expert analysis, we explore the impact of the mandates system on various regions, including the Middle East and Africa. We examine how this system created a unique blend of imperial rule and international oversight, setting the stage for future struggles and complexities in these territories.This episode examines the legacy of Anglo-American liberalism and its enduring influence on global politics. We discuss the tensions between self-interest, paternalism, and the ideals of a liberal international order, shedding light on the lasting implications of this pivotal moment in history.By the end of this captivating episode, listeners will gain a deep understanding of the intricate web of competing ideologies and interests that shaped the mandates system and its aftermath. We unveil the complexities of Anglo-American liberalism, imperial ambitions, and the ideals of Wilsonian internationalism during this transformative period.Tune in to the Explaining History Podcast and join us as we explore the fascinating clash of ideologies, the creation of the mandates system, and the lasting impact of these historical developments on our modern world. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Welcome to a captivating episode of the Explaining History Podcast, we take an insightful journey into the legacy of Mussolini's historical memory in Italy. In this episode, titled "Mussolini's Mausoleum," our focus centers on the site where his remains are interred, located in Predappio, Italy.We delve into the fascinating history surrounding the mausoleum and its significance as a symbol of Mussolini's enduring impact on Italian society. Join us as we navigate the complex emotions, controversies, and conflicting narratives that surround this poignant location.Throughout the episode, we explore the historical context of Mussolini's rise to power and the creation of a fascist regime in Italy. We examine the construction of Predappio as a cult-like pilgrimage site for fascist sympathizers, where Mussolini's burial place became an emblematic space for the perpetuation of fascist ideology and nostalgia.Drawing on Keith Lowe's Prisoners of History, we unravel the layers of historical memory associated with Mussolini and his mausoleum. We delve into the public reception of the site, exploring the varied perspectives of Italians who view it as either a place of reverence, a reminder of a dark past, or an opportunity for critical reflection. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Episode Description:In the latest instalment of the Explaining History Podcast, join us as we delve into the multifaceted nature of Thatcherism, a political ideology that has left an indelible mark on British society. This episode, titled "Thatcherism's Contradictions, 1975-2023," explores the intricate relationship between social conservatism and economic liberalism, which have often found themselves in conflict during the era shaped by the Iron Lady.The show takes us on a captivating journey through the key events, policies, and ideologies that characterized the Thatcher years, spanning from 1975 all the way up to the present day. We uncover the profound contradictions that emerged within Thatcherism, dissecting the tension between the desire for a more socially traditional Britain and the push for a free-market economy.Exploring the writing of philosopher John Gray, the podcast navigates the complex interplay between these seemingly opposing forces within Thatcherism. On one hand, we witness the rise of social conservatism, which sought to reinvigorate traditional values and norms in response to societal shifts. From the contentious battle over Section 28 to the heightened focus on law and order, we explore the ideological motivations behind these policies and their impact on communities across the nation.Simultaneously, the episode examines the triumphs and pitfalls of economic liberalism under Thatcher's governance. We delve into the deregulation of industries, privatization of state-owned assets, and the transformation of the British economy. We analyze the ideological underpinnings of Thatcher's economic policies and the subsequent consequences for working-class communities, trade unions, and the wider social fabric of the country.The episode, skillfully weaves together expert insights and historical context to paint a comprehensive picture of Thatcherism's contradictions. By exploring the clash between social conservatism and economic liberalism, we gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and lasting legacies of this influential period in British political history.So tune in to the latest episode of the Explaining History Podcast and join us on a fascinating exploration of Thatcherism's Contradictions, 1975-2023. Discover how the tension between social conservatism and economic liberalism shaped the political landscape of Britain, leaving an indelible imprint on the nation's social, cultural, and economic fabric. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Explaining History, we are delighted to welcome renowned author and dedicated Francophile, David Lawday. With his extensive knowledge and passion for French history, David delves into the dramatic and impactful events of the Siege of Paris in 1870 and the subsequent Paris Commune.The year 1870 was a turning point for France, marked by the defeat of Napoleon III and the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War. Lawday brings to life this brutal siege, transporting us back to a city under a 4-month blockade, rife with starvation and desperation. He explores the strategies, key players, and pivotal moments that defined this remarkable period in history.From there, we explore the tumultuous uprising of the Paris Commune, and how the spirit of revolutionary socialism and radicalism emerged from the ashes of the siege, leading to one of the most radical moments in French history. We explore the impact of the Commune on global movements, and its lingering legacy today. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, we have an intriguing episode as we converse with acclaimed author Philip Augur, who brings to life the tale of John Stonehouse, the controversial Labour MP. We explore the remarkable and complex narrative depicted in the book 'Agent Twister', co-written with Keely Winstone. Discover Stonehouse's tumultuous journey from political prominence to disgrace, marked by an infamous scandal that astonished the British public, a story truly stranger than fiction. Our conversation uncovers the man behind the headlines, delivering a nuanced understanding of his life, actions, and legacy. John Stonehouse, the British Labour MP, was a man whose life was as gripping as it was perplexing. Born in 1925, Stonehouse served as an MP for two constituencies over his political career, marking his presence in the British Parliament from 1957 to 1976. However, it was the controversy that eclipsed his achievements and turned him into a figure of national notoriety.Stonehouse's political career was initially noteworthy. A charismatic orator and dedicated servant of the Labour Party, he championed various causes, including postal services and aviation. As Postmaster General in Harold Wilson's government, Stonehouse was in a position of considerable influence and seemed set for a promising future in British politics.However, beneath the respectable facade, Stonehouse's life was spinning into a maelstrom of intrigue. Over time, he became embroiled in numerous financial scandals, which eventually led to his dramatic fall from grace, all the time spying for the Czech secret intelligence service. But the defining moment of his career was undoubtedly his audacious attempt to fake his own death in 1974.Plagued by financial troubles and fearing arrest for fraud, Stonehouse devised an elaborate plan to disappear. He left a pile of clothes on a beach in Miami, leading many to believe he had drowned. He then fled to Australia under a pseudonym, where he hoped to start a new life with his mistress. The audacity of this move stunned the world and resulted in a media frenzy.However, his escape was short-lived. Less than two months after his disappearance, he was discovered by Australian police and arrested. He was returned to Britain, where he faced a high-profile trial and was subsequently sentenced to seven years in prison for fraud.The Stonehouse saga, involving politics, scandal, deception, and romance, captivated the nation, transforming him into an infamous figure. Despite the downfall and disgrace, his story continues to hold a fascinating allure, providing a remarkable lens into the human capacity for ambition, deception, and ultimately, self-destruction.Stonehouse's life story, told with fresh insights and perspectives by Philip Augur and Keely Winstone in their book 'Agent Twister', offers readers an engaging exploration of a man who was as complex as he was controversial.You can purchase the book here in hardback and also in paperback Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Join us on an enthralling journey into the annals of history as we delve into the extraordinary exploits of the Special Air Service (SAS) during World War Two. In this captivating episode of Explaining History, host [Podcast Host's Name] sits down with acclaimed author and historian, Damien Lewis, to explore the gripping tales of war, trauma, and the birth of modern special forces.Drawing on extensive research and first hand accounts, Damien Lewis takes us back to the harrowing days of the Second World War when the world hung in the balance. From the sands of North Africa to the treacherous battlefields of Europe, the SAS emerged as an elite force, spearheading daring operations and transforming the nature of warfare forever.In this thought-provoking conversation, Damien Lewis uncovers the human stories behind the legendary unit, revealing the true impact of war on the individuals who served. Through tales of courage, resilience, and sacrifice, we gain insight into the profound effects of combat on the minds and souls of those who confronted unimaginable horrors.Examining the origins of the SAS, Damien Lewis takes us back to the pivotal moments when visionary commanders like David Stirling conceived the audacious concept of small and highly trained units capable of striking deep behind enemy lines with lightning speed and precision. We delve into the challenges faced by these early special forces pioneers as they sought to establish an unconventional approach to warfare, pushing the boundaries of traditional military tactics. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Join us in this captivating episode of Explaining History as we delve into the remarkable life of Isaac Murphy, a legendary African American jockey, and his experiences during the Reconstruction Era (1861-96). This week Nick is joined by esteemed historian and author Katherine Mooney, who provides an insightful look into the untold stories of this pivotal period in American history. Together, they discuss the challenges faced by African Americans following the Civil War, the complexities of race relations, and how figures like Isaac Murphy navigated their way through these trying times. You can buy Katherine's biography of Isaac Murphy here Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This podcast episode "Los Angeles and CORE - The Freedom Rides 1947-61" delves into the origins of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and their pivotal role in the civil rights movement. The episode focuses on James Farmer, a civil rights activist and one of the founders of CORE, who was instrumental in organizing the Freedom Rides of 1961 in Alabama and Mississippi.The Freedom Rides were a series of bus trips taken by civil rights activists to challenge segregation in public transportation. The activists, both black and white, faced brutal violence from the Ku Klux Klan and local authorities, including the notorious Eugene 'Bull' Connor. Despite this, the Freedom Rides gained national attention and brought the issue of segregation to the forefront of American politics.The podcast also explores the weakness and indifference of President John F. Kennedy's administration towards the civil rights movement. Although Kennedy had initially expressed support for the Freedom Rides, he ultimately failed to take decisive action in response to the violence and discrimination faced by the activists.Overall, this podcast episode provides a compelling and informative look into the history of the civil rights movement, highlighting the bravery and determination of activists like James Farmer and the ongoing struggle for racial equality in the United States.You can find more study help and information at the Explaining History website Regenerate response Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this captivating episode of the Explaining History podcast, we sit down with Heidi Langbein Hall, author and daughter of World War II survivor Willi Langbein. Heidi shares the harrowing story of her father's life during the war and how his memoirs have been transformed into a powerful book.At just 13 years old, Willi was taken from his family by the Nazis under the guise of protection. In reality, he and his fellow children were groomed to become sacrificial pawns in the final days of the war. Sent to confront the advancing Russian forces, they were not expected to return alive. Miraculously, Willi survived and returned to a devastated homeland, where he realized the truth behind the lies he had been fed.Six decades later, Heidi conducted extensive interviews with her father, capturing his experiences and insights. These conversations have been skillfully woven into a compelling book, preserving Willi's story for future generations. With significant distribution throughout Europe and pending foreign rights deals, the memoir is set to make a profound impact on readers worldwide.In this thought-provoking episode, listeners will gain an intimate understanding of Willi's journey as a child soldier and his subsequent path to healing. Through Heidi's recounting of her father's ordeal, we explore the resilience of the human spirit and the power of truth in the face of deception.Join us for this unforgettable conversation with Heidi Langbein Hall, as we delve into the true story of a remarkable survivor who defied the odds and reclaimed his life from the clutches of a twisted regime. Don't miss this riveting episode of the Explaining History podcast, where history comes alive through the voices of those who experienced it firsthand.You can grab a copy of Save the last bullet hereRemember to check out www.explaininghistory.org for help for study and other handy content. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of the Explaining History podcast, we delve into the complex relationships between Asian nationalism and the British Empire in the aftermath of World War II. Focusing on India, Burma, and Malaya, we examine how the war had radicalized nationalist movements in these countries, leading to increasing demands for independence and the eventual end of British colonial rule in the region.We discuss the impact of the war on these societies, including the disruption of traditional power structures, the mobilization of millions of people for military and industrial purposes, and the emergence of new political ideologies and movements. We also examine how the British responded to these challenges, often relying on force and repression to maintain their control over the region.Throughout the episode, we explore the different strategies employed by Indian, Burmese, and Malay nationalists to achieve their goals, including mass protests, strikes, and armed resistance. We also consider the role of key figures such as Gandhi, Aung San, and Tunku Abdul Rahman in shaping the course of these movements.In addition to this episode, history students can find a wealth of study resources and content on the Explaining History website at www.explaininghistory.org. From detailed articles and essays to study guides and interactive timelines, the website offers a range of tools and materials to help students deepen their understanding of key historical events and themes. So be sure to check it out for additional support and guidance on your history studies. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we dive into the strategic challenges faced by the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1914 as they mobilized for World War One. As the empire faced threats from multiple directions, including Serbia, Russia, and Italy, the army struggled to coordinate its response and maintain supply lines to its troops. We explore the political and logistical issues that hampered the Austro-Hungarian war effort and examine the impact of these challenges on the course of the conflict. Join us as we delve into the complexities of one of the key players in the First World War and the difficulties it faced in the early years of the conflict.For more content and study help, visit the Explaining History website here Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode of the Explaining History Podcast we hear from biographer Norman Poser, whose new book From the Battlefield to the Stage: The Many Lives of John Burgoyne tells the story of Burgoyne, who famously surrendered to the American armies at Saratoga in 1777. In this fascinating interview we explore the story of Burgoyne himself, the revolutionary war and the nature of parliamentary life in the 18th Century and the foundational ideas of conservatism.You can grab a copy of Norman Poser's From the Battlefield to the Stage hereAnd you can also access more history help and resources here at the Explaining History website Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Welcome to the Explaining History Podcast. In this episode, we dive into the American neoliberal counter revolution of the 1970s, a period of profound political and economic change that continues to shape the world we live in today.During this decade, a new political and economic philosophy emerged, driven by figures like Milton Friedman and the Chicago School of Economics, that sought to roll back the gains of the New Deal and reassert the power of the free market. This movement, called neoliberalism, would have profound effects on American society and on the rest of the world.In this episode, we explore the key figures and ideas that drove the neoliberal counter revolution, from the deregulation of industries to the privatization of public services, and the resulting increase in income inequality and economic instability. We also examine the political and cultural shifts that accompanied these changes, including the rise of the conservative movement and the decline of labour unions.Join us as we uncover the complex and often contentious history of the American neoliberal counter revolution of the 1970s, and its lasting impact on our society and economy.You can access Explaining History Study Guides and Ebooks here Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we are exploring the post-war women's movement from a global perspective, focusing on the years 1945 and beyond. The end of World War II marked a turning point for women's rights and activism, as women from all over the world banded together to demand equal treatment and opportunities.We'll be discussing the key players and events that shaped the post-war women's movement, including the formation of national and international feminist organizations, the impact of decolonization, and the role of women in the workforce. We'll also examine the challenges that women faced, including resistance from traditional societal norms, cultural and political barriers, and the struggle for reproductive rights.Join us as we take a comprehensive look at the post-war women's movement, and how it has influenced the fight for gender equality in the decades since.Check out our expanding learning resources at www.explaininghistory.org Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of the Explaining History podcast we sit down with Adam Langer, Editor of the Forward podcast, to discuss their latest show "Playing Anne Frank". We delve into the history of the dramatization of Anne Frank's diary and explore the complex politics of the Holocaust on either side of the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. This episode offers a unique perspective on the preservation of Holocaust memory and the impact of politics on cultural narratives. Join us as we gain a deeper understanding of the significance of the play and its place in history.You can access the show here:https://forward.com/podcasts/playing-anne-frank/Also, check out the newly expanded Explaining History site - we're currently adding resources for students of Russian history (with other topics to come soon):www.explaininghistory.org Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of the Explaining History Podcast, we dive into the story of the Dulles brothers and their impact on the Eisenhower administration in 1954. We explore the backgrounds of John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, their rise to power, and the key events of their tenure as Secretary of State and Director of the CIA, respectively. We discuss their role in shaping US foreign policy during the Cold War, including their involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala, and the Suez Crisis. We also examine the relationship between the Dulles brothers and President Eisenhower, and the influence they had on his administration.Key Takeaways:The Dulles brothers, John Foster and Allen, played a significant role in shaping US foreign policy during the Cold War.As Secretary of State and Director of the CIA, respectively, the brothers were involved in key events such as the 1954 coup in Guatemala and the Suez Crisis.The relationship between the Dulles brothers and President Eisenhower was complex, with the brothers often exerting significant influence on his administration.Discussion Questions:How did the Dulles brothers' backgrounds and experiences shape their approach to foreign policy?What were the major events of their tenure, and how did they impact US foreign policy?How did the Dulles brothers' influence on the Eisenhower administration compare to that of other advisors?Links and Further Reading:The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War by Stephen Kinzer"The Dulles Brothers and the Eisenhower Administration" by Peter Grose in Diplomatic History"The Dulles Brothers and the Cold War" by David Tal in International History ReviewMusic credit: "RetroFuture Clean" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of the Explaining History podcast, we explore the concept of American empire and its role in the framework of modern capitalism, exploring the Making of Modern Capitalism by Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin. The book discusses key points such as the role of the state in modern capitalism, the global power dynamics at play, and the ways in which American empire has shaped the current economic system. News UpdateAre you a student of history looking for extra support and resources? Look no further! We are thrilled to announce that our website, www.explaininghistory.org, now has A level Russian History resources available. Keep an eye out for more subjects being added in the near future. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

During the 1930s, the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, experienced a wave of repression and terror that came to be known as the Great Terror. This period saw the widespread use of secret police, forced labor camps, and executions to suppress perceived threats to the regime.We'll be examining the causes and consequences of the Great Terror, and exploring how it impacted Soviet society and the lives of ordinary people. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A popular view of the war at sea is that of Britain pushed right to the edge, mounting shipping losses leading to fears of starvation in Britain and possible capitulation. Military historian Max Hastings suggests otherwise, pointing to the shortcomings and failings of Germany's U-Boat fleet and the growing expertise and technological superiority of the allied navies. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Why did the patchwork Habsburg empire collapse in 1918? The pressures of war and the competing identities and loyalties of the men that fought in the Austo Hungarian armies both have a significant part to play. This podcast explores the overlapping national, regional and ethnic identities, loyalties and ambitions. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

When Leon Trotsky was murdered by NKVD agent Ramon Mercader in 1940, his ideas lived on. The Trotskyist Fourth International and the American Socialist Workers Party in particular claimed (though this was disputed by his widow Natalia) to be the inheritors of his beliefs. Trotsky's critique of the USSR and its capitalist enemies stated that the Russian Revolution had effectively been killed in its infancy, and that instead a bureacratic state had replaced a revolutionary society. Some of Trotsky's former disciples eventually distanced themselves from his beliefs, embracing American conservatism and free market capitalism, most famously the recanting revolutionary James Burnham. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of the Explaining History Study Extra, we explore Lenin's death and the consequences for the power struggle to succeed him. We examine the legacy of the New Economic Policy and War Communism and the divisions in the party they led to. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

By 1916 Winston Churchill's wartime reputation was in tatters after the disaster of the Dardanelles Campaign. His self belief was his most powerful asset, particularly as so many of his parliamentary colleagues mistrusted him. He was brought back into David Lloyd George's war cabinet, though even the new prime minster was wary of him. Lloyd George, who had used the conscription issue to remove Herbert Asquith, eventually led Britain to victory, but this was partially in spite of Churchill, not because of him. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This is the first Explaining History study extra recording for students. In this podcast we hear about the origins of Italian fascism and the experience of striking workers and returning soldiers after 1918. The desire for national unity and social order that had motivated many Italians to fight hardened into violent anti communism when they witnessed chaotic scenes of strikes and anti war protests on arrival home. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the second year of the Great War, the British began to consider the future of the Middle East once the Ottoman Empire had been defeated. The Ottomans were proving to be far more effective fighters than the British had anticipated, but the discovery of oil at Mosul had made the control of the Middle East a priority. Prime Minister David Lloyd George summoned Sir Mark Sykes, a British diplomat and explorer to demonstrate how British and French ambitions in the region could both be accomodated. This is the first of several podcasts on the division of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Neoliberalism in Britain has shaped the political, economic and social fabric of the nation in its entirety for almost half a century. As a cluster of ideological positions which evolved from the interwar years onwards, it existed as a fringe doctrine. Britain's current economic and political chaos suggests that the ideology has finally reached its point of collapse, just as the UK's new prime minister, Liz Truss has endorsed it in ever more radical and extreme ways. This podcast reflects upon Neoliberalism as a doctrine and its hold over both of Britain's two main political parties. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

After the first attempt at a national uprising by the fascist generals in Spain ended in failure, Madrid became a dangerous and violent city dominated by anarchist militias. Many had no trust for the Republican government and their ranks were bolstered by murderers and other violent prisoners let loose from the city's jails. In 1936 many of the Madrid police and civil guard had joined with the fascist insurrection and the last hold outs of the failed uprising within the city were brutally massacred after they fired repeatedly on civilians. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The surviving Jews who became citizens of East Germany faced a precarious existence when the GDR was established. Not only was Stalin, the Soviet dictator, becoming ever more anti Semitic in the final years of his life, but the establishment of the state of Israel and its ties to the Western allies made Jews in Eastern Europe suspect in the eyes of the various communist regimes. In East Germany Jews presented a challenge to the established memory of the war and their supposed connection to the western powers began years of official persecution. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the economic strains on Britain after six years of conflict were immense, but Britain's international commitments were if anything even greater than during the war. Imperial overstretch, the temporary re-conquest of other European colonies like French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies, the occupation of Germany and the involvement in the Greek Civil War, and the new realities of the Cold War world meant that Britain needed to maintain a large standing army. Many military and civilian planners also blamed British disarmament between the wars for the rise of war mongering regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan. This podcast explores the impact of the international situation on Britain's peacetime national service Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This is the tenth anniversary episode of the Explaining History Podcast, thankyou to everyone who has listened to my lo-fi ramblings over the years, I hope you've found it interesting.This week, we explore the complex social relations at the heart of Britain's blitz experience and challenge the myth of a united and stoic people pulling together, the truth, as ever, is far more complex. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Yugoslavia, a state created in 1919 and recreated from the ashes of war once again in 1945 was a federation of balkan nationalities held together after World War Two by the totalitarian Leninist Josep Tito. The fact that Yugoslavia under his leadership had liberated itself and was not dominated like the rest of Eastern Europe by the Red Army, meant that its Cold War years would be fundamentally different. Yugoslavia was affected by the wave of unrest that afflicted Eastern Europe in 1968, following the crushing of the Prague Spring. The result was the energising of nationalist movements, the most vocal of which was in Croatia, which was eventually crushed by Tito. However, from 1971 to the early 1990s, nationalism, far from being extinguished, became the force that would rip Yugoslavia apart. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In 1941, Iraq was a nominally independent country, but still part of the British sphere of influence in the Middle East. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany saw the growing wave of Arab nationalism in Iraq as a powerful device to place pressure on Britain in the Middle East. As intelligence reports showed that some form of Axis intervention in Iraq was planned, the Commander in Chief of British forces in India, Claude Auchinlek, saw the subcontinent as being particularly vulnerable and argued with London that a task force be prepared from India and sent to Basra to seize control of the country's oil. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The world of the Soviet peasantry was complex and seemingly contradictory, and did not easily fall into the class stratification that the new Soviet regime believed could define all social categories. The lower to middle peasants, the Serednyaks, who would both work for others and sometimes hire labour themselves presented the regime with a conundrum - were they workers or were they exploiters? The outcome of these questions would determine how this group would be treated by the regime, a fact that would have dire consequences during the era of collectivisation. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

When the Second World War in Europe ended in May 1945, some 40 million people, German and non German were displaced in the four occupied zones of the country alone. This podcast is the first of two recordings that explore the desperate circumstances of former forced workers, prisoners of war, displaced German civilians and camp survivors. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the decade after the October Revolution the relations between the Soviet government and the peasantry declined as Stalin, Lenin and Trotsky all percieved that a new 'capitalist' peasantry was emerging in the guise of the Kulak class.miCCNvDJ1GzPhPzbYgfS Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This podcast explores Stalin's plans for Poland in the run up to the outbreak of the Second World War, and Neville Chamberlain's flawed diplomacy in the aftermath of the fall of Czechoslovakia. Stalin's secret diplomacy with both the western allies and the Nazis and his determination to see Poland destroyed as a state shaped the events between March and September 1939. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode we hear from writer Mary McNeil, who discusses her new biography Century's Witness - which examines the life and career of Wallace Carroll, an American journalist and contemporary of William L. Shirer and Edward Murrow. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Austria Hungary, a patchwork empire of nationalities, saw a surprising enthusiasm for war in the summer of 1914 from non Austrian subjects. Across the empire, subject peoples who still had loyalties to the empire as a whole volunteered to fight, overwhelming the offices of military recruiters. The Habsburg empire was far more suspicious of its own population than was in any way warranted, but succeeded in squandering the opportunities for greater social harmony through the closure of the Austrian parliament, the Reichsrat. Whilst this had a limited effect in 1914, the need for cooperation and plurality later on in the war would be paramount. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the winter of 1937-38, Japan launched an assault of previously unprecedented brutality against a Chinese civilian population in the nationalist capital of Nanjing. Japan's desigs for China and South East Asia rested on being able to break the power of China's Guomindang nationalists, who were more inclined to build alliances with European powers or America. The Japanese invaders wanted China to be reoriented towards Japan as the power that would lead China along with the rest of Asia. A symbolic display of violence and destruction at Nanjing would demonstrate to China that further resistance was futile. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Two weeks ago Sinn Fein achieved something that had previously been considered politically impossible in Northern Ireland, it gained a majority in the Northern Ireland Assembly elections and is now likely to form a government. This edition of the update explores the ramifications for Northern Ireland, Britain, the Irish Republic and the EU of this momentous event and the ongoing problems caused by Brexit. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In today's episode of the podcast, I explore Richard Overy's arguments in Blood and Ruins and discuss his ideas around the necessity for expansionism during the 1930s among the three Axis powers, Germany, Italy and Japan. The great depression triggered ideas of expansionism as a solution to economic hardship and eugenic beliefs about growing, vital populations taking the resources of 'lesser' peoples. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Even before the war had officially ended, German cities began the process of clearing debris and rubble and rebuilding. Often, municipal authorities didn't wait for allied authorisation, they simply organised the clearances and began to move the millions of tonnes of brick and stone that had been left in the wake of allied bombing and Soviet shelling. In some instances, vigilante groups ordered former Nazi officials to carry out the clearance work, but before the allied occupation it had been slave labourers who had been used after repeated bombing raids from 1940 onwards. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Germany was able to inflict huge losses on Britain during the Battle of the Atlantic. The British organised merchant ships into trans-Atlantic convoys, but between 1940-41 the German U-Boat wolf packs sank millions of tonnes of shipping. The initial successes were gradually replaced with ever greater losses for Germany, as inadequate U-Boats (too small and too few), were met with improving intelligence and technology on the part of Britain and the USA. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of the update explores the enormous consequences of the US Supreme Court's decision to overturn the Roe vs Wade ruling 1973, effectively giving states the power to make abortion illegal. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Today's update focuses on the emerging dynamics of the Ukraine war and the possible long term position on the crisis that the Biden administration is taking. Plus, a short history of Moldova and Transnistria and the power of Russian gas. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This is the first of many podcasts exploring the writing of historian Sean McMeekin in his revisionist exploration of the role of the USSR in World War Two. In this episode we examine how conventional ideas about Stalin's intentions, preparedness and his outlook regarding the prospects of the allied powers against Germany by 1941 need to be revised. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In today's episode we discuss author and lawyer James Philips new book, Two Revolutions and a Constitution, which explores the impact of Britain's Civil Wars in the 17th Century, and the American war of Independence in the 18th Century on the shaping of the US Constitution. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.