study guide for Sami Stigmann based on the provided source: Early Life and Imprisonment: Sami Stigmann was born on December 21, 1939, in Czernovitz, Bukovina. [1] This area was historically complex, shifting from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to Romania, later becoming part of the Soviet Union, and currently residing in Ukraine. [1] During World War II, from 1941 to 1944, Sami and his parents were imprisoned in the Mogilev-Podolsky labor camp in Transnistria, Ukraine. [1] This deportation was carried out by the Romanians, not the Germans. [1] Medical Experimentation and Hardships: Although Sami has no memory of it, his parents recounted that he was subjected to Nazi medical experimentation at a young age. [1] He still endures the side effects of these experiments. [1] Life in the camp was brutal, with starvation and the harsh Russian winters posing constant threats to survival. [1] A German Woman's Compassion: Sami's father, desperate to provide for his family, traded his winter coat for a single loaf of bread. [2] As Sami was nearing death from starvation, a German woman who delivered food to the SS and Ukrainian guards noticed his condition - a swollen head, stomach, and feet, all signs of severe malnutrition. [2] Risking her own family's safety, she secretly provided Sami with milk, ultimately saving his life. [2] When he began to recover, she would affectionately pinch his cheeks, remarking, "Those are my rosy cheeks!" [2] Her kindness was instrumental in his survival. Liberation and Life After the War: The Red Army liberated the Mogilev-Podolsky camp, and the Stigmann family returned to Romania. [1, 2] Sami grew up in Reghin, Transylvania, where he had to learn a new language. [1] In 1946, his sister was born. [1] The entire family emigrated to Israel in 1961. [1] Sami served in the Israeli Air Force (not as a pilot) and later, in 1968, immigrated to the United States alone, settling in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. [1] After marrying and divorcing, he returned to Israel in 1983. [1] However, in 1988, he moved back to the United States, choosing New York City as his permanent home. [1] Please note this study guide is based solely on the provided excerpts. Further research may be needed to gain a complete understanding of Sami Stigmann's life and experiences.

Samuel Mitya Bykov Study Guide Early Life and Family:Samuel Mitya Bykov was born in Odessa, Ukraine on April 7, 1940. [1] His parents were Yefim and Rozalia Bykov. [1] He had a sister and extended family, many of whom perished during the Holocaust. [1] The Holocaust in Transnistria:Transnistria, a region in present-day Ukraine, was under Romanian administration during World War II. [2] Romania was allied with Nazi Germany. [2] The Holocaust in Transnistria was marked by systematic persecution and mass murder of Jews. [2] The Babi Yar massacre, in which over 33,771 Jewish residents of Kyiv were murdered, exemplifies the brutality of the "Holocaust by Bullets" in Eastern Europe. [2] Bogdanovka Concentration Camp:The Nazis and their collaborators began a massacre in Bogdanovka, Ukraine on December 21, 1941. [1] Over 54,600 people, many of them Jewish, were murdered over 45 days. [1] Victims were brought to Bogdanovka from various regions, including Odessa, Romania, Bessarabia, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, and Mykolaiv. [1] Bykov's Experience:Mitya and his family were taken from their home and sent to Bogdanovka. [1] He lost 29 family members in the massacre. [1] Only 127 people, including Mitya, his grandmother, mother, and sister, survived. [1] Significance:Samuel Mitya Bykov is recognized as one of the youngest Holocaust survivors. [2] His story represents the devastating impact of the Holocaust on families and individuals, particularly children. This study guide offers insights into the life of Samuel Mitya Bykov, emphasizing his experiences during the Holocaust. The information presented here is derived entirely from the sources provided.