A Daily Dose of History (03 May 2024) Today's historical events: Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of João I. Angered by the brutal onslaught of Spanish troops at Fort Caroline, a French force has burned the San Mateo fort and massacred hundreds of Spaniards. Treaty of Loudun ends a French civil war. A total solar eclipse is visible across northern Europe and northern Asia, as predicted by Edmond Halley to within four minutes accuracy. The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Washington, D.C. is incorporated as a city after Congress abolishes the Board of Commissioners, the District's founding government. The "City of Washington" is given a mayor-council form of government. Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia. Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose up on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío hill. Neapolitan War: Joachim Murat, King of Naples, is defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Tolentino, the decisive engagement of the war. The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway is opened; it is the first steam-hauled passenger railway to issue season tickets and include a tunnel. The University of Athens is founded in Athens, Greece. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (02 May 2024) Today's historical events: King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprisoned on charges of adultery, incest, treason and witchcraft. John Knox returns from exile to Scotland to become the leader of the nascent Scottish Reformation. Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle. The King James Version of the Bible is published for the first time in London, England, by printer Robert Barker. Afonso Mendes, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Latin Patriarch of Ethiopia, arrives at Beilul from Goa. King Charles II of England grants a permanent charter to the Hudson's Bay Company to open up the fur trade in North America. Outbreak of the Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rise up in rebellion against French occupation. Francisco de Goya later memorializes this event in his painting The Second of May 1808. The Siege of Cuautla during the Mexican War of Independence ends with both sides claiming victory after Mexican rebels under José María Morelos y Pavón abandon the city after 72 days under siege by royalist Spanish troops under Félix María Calleja. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (01 May 2024) Today's historical events: The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. Norman mercenaries land at Bannow Bay in Leinster, marking the beginning of the Norman invasion of Ireland. Wars of Scottish Independence end: By the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, England recognises Scotland as an independent state. The Act of Union joining England and Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain takes effect. Publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The Slave Trade Act 1807 takes effect, abolishing the slave trade within the British Empire. Execution of the Cato Street Conspirators, who plotted to kill the British Cabinet and Prime Minister Lord Liverpool. The Penny Black, the first official adhesive postage stamp, is issued in the United Kingdom. Hong Kong Police Force, the world's second modern police force and Asia's first, is established. The few remaining Mormons left in Nauvoo, Illinois, formally dedicate the Nauvoo Temple. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (30 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration. He is named admiral of the ocean sea, viceroy and governor of any territory he discovers. Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile. Juan de Oñate begins the conquest of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots. The comedy about an expedition of soldiers is very first theatrical performance in North America, staged near El Paso for Spanish colonists. Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege. On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first elected President of the United States. The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U.S. state under the name Louisiana. Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (29 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.[citation needed] Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and becomes its vassal. Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orléans. Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile. Swedish War of Liberation: Swedish troops defeat a Danish force in the Battle of Västerås. French king Louis XIII names Cardinal Richelieu chief minister of France. French forces commence the siege of Quebec which is held by the British. James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names. American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique. The galaxy Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is discovered by James Dunlop. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (28 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius. Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin. Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism. The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder. Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world. A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52 ships commences the recapture of Bahia from the Dutch during the Dutch-Portuguese War. The Marathas defeat the Afghans in the Battle of Attock and capture the city. Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution. Mutiny on the Bounty: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then sets sail for Pitcairn Island. France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the French Revolutionary Wars. Sardinians, headed by Giovanni Maria Angioy, start a revolution against the Savoy domination, expelling Viceroy Balbiano and his officials from Cagliari, the capital and largest city of the island. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (27 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ludi seaculares. Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of the more powerful Roman empresses of Late Antiquity. Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus). First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar. Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict. Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapulapu. Official founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (nowadays Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar. Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines. The relics of Saint Sava are incinerated in Belgrade on the Vračar plateau by Ottoman Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha; the site of the incineration is now the location of the Church of Saint Sava, one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world Blind and impoverished, John Milton sells Paradise Lost to a printer for £10, so that it could be entered into the Stationers' Register. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (26 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. The Pazzi family attack on Lorenzo de' Medici kills his brother Giuliano during High Mass in Florence Cathedral. Playwright William Shakespeare is baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England (date of birth is unknown). The Virginia Company colonists make landfall at Cape Henry. A massive earthquake devastates the Iranian city of Tabriz. The Royal Academy of Arts hosts its first art opening. Sybil Ludington, aged 16, rode 40 miles (64 km) to alert American colonial forces to the approach of the British regular forces Battle of Beaumont during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition. Napoleon Bonaparte signs a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. Muslim control over the South Caucasus is solidified and its Islamization begins, while several major Armenian nakharar families lose power and their remnants flee to the Byzantine Empire. After mistreatment and disfigurement by the citizens of Rome, pope Leo III flees to the Frankish court of king Charlemagne at Paderborn for protection. Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Transition from Ming to Qing: The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng. Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine. Charles Fremantle arrives in HMS Challenger off the coast of modern-day Western Australia prior to declaring the Swan River Colony for the British Empire. Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican-American War. The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots. British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of Mühlberg. Duke of Alba, commanding Spanish-Imperial forces of Charles I of Spain, defeats the troops of Schmalkaldic League. Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris. The first regular newspaper in British Colonial America, The Boston News-Letter, is published. French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is acquitted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of charges brought by the Girondin in Paris. The United States Library of Congress is established when President John Adams signs legislation to appropriate $5,000 to purchase "such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress". The great fire in Surat city of India caused more than 500 deaths and destruction of more than 9000 houses. Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire declares war on Ottoman Empire. American sharpshooter Annie Oakley is hired by Nate Salsbury to be a part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West. Joshua Slocum, the first person to sail single-handedly around the world, sets sail from Boston, Massachusetts aboard the sloop "Spray". The Woolworth Building, a skyscraper in New York City, is opened. The Franck-Hertz experiment, a pillar of quantum mechanics, is presented to the German Physical Society. The arrest of 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Istanbul marks the beginning of the Armenian genocide. Easter Rising: Irish rebels, led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, launch an uprising in Dublin against British rule and proclaim an Irish Republic. Ernest Shackleton and five men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition launch a lifeboat from uninhabited Elephant Island in the Southern Ocean to organise a rescue for the crew of the sunken Endurance. World War I: First tank-to-tank combat, during the second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. Three British Mark IVs meet three German A7Vs. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city. Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle. Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as King of England. St. George's Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia. The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George's Day. Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvarez Cabral reaches new coastline (Brazil). The Munich Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) takes effect in all of Bavaria. Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros. The first public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston. The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later. Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland. King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey. The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Year of the Six Emperors: The Roman Senate outlaws emperor Maximinus Thrax for his bloodthirsty proscriptions in Rome and nominates two of its members, Pupienus and Balbinus, to the throne. Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues (1,250 kilometres (780 mi)) east of the Moluccas. The Capture of Ormuz by the East India Company ends Portuguese control of Hormuz Island. The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: The Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon and driven over the Danube in Regensburg. Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston identify Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna among the captives of the battle when some of his fellow soldiers mistakenly give away his identity. The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that permitted the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency. The first National League baseball game is played at the Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia. At noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000. Spanish-American War: The USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship. The 1906 Intercalated Games, now recognized as part of the official Olympic Games, open in Athens. The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Year of the Six Emperors: The Roman Senate outlaws emperor Maximinus Thrax for his bloodthirsty proscriptions in Rome and nominates two of its members, Pupienus and Balbinus, to the throne. Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues (1,250 kilometres (780 mi)) east of the Moluccas. The Capture of Ormuz by the East India Company ends Portuguese control of Hormuz Island. The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: The Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon and driven over the Danube in Regensburg. Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston identify Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna among the captives of the battle when some of his fellow soldiers mistakenly give away his identity. The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that permitted the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency. The first National League baseball game is played at the Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia. At noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. Three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine blockade runner fight their way through an Ottoman blockading fleet a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople. Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador. The sun dog phenomenon is observed over Stockholm, as later depicted in the famous painting Vädersolstavlan. Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament. Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City). Deposed monarch James II of England lays siege to Derry. Start of Konbaung-Hanthawaddy War, a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740-57). The Georgian king, Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza. American Revolutionary War: The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria). Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself basileus. The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are being slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics. Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms. In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry. The town of Uusikaupunki (Swedish: Nystad, lit. "New Town") was founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops. With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa was not born until 1717. Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia. Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding. American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord. John Adams secures Dutch recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague becomes the first American embassy. An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (18 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The patrician Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. Peace of Ferrara between Republic of Venice, Duchy of Milan, Republic of Florence and House of Gonzaga: ending of the second campaign of the Wars in Lombardy fought until the Treaty of Lodi in 1454, which will then guarantee the conditions for the development of the Italian Renaissance. The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid. Bona Sforza is crowned as queen consort of Poland. Trial of Martin Luther begins its second day during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. He refuses to recant his teachings despite the risk of excommunication. Bostonians rise up in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros. Real Academia de la Historia ("Royal Academy of History") is founded in Madrid. American Revolution: The British advancement by sea begins; Paul Revere and other riders warn the countryside of the troop movements. The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. American victory at the battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for invasion of Mexico. "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France. Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (17 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan II. Kaunas Castle falls to the Teutonic Order after a month-long siege. Spain and Christopher Columbus sign the Capitulations of Santa Fe for his voyage to Asia to acquire spices. Trial of Martin Luther over his teachings begins during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. Initially intimidated, he asks for time to reflect before answering and is given a stay of one day. Giovanni da Verrazzano reaches New York harbor. Sir Ralph Abercromby attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico, in what would be one of the largest invasions of the Spanish territories in the Americas. Citizens of Verona begin an unsuccessful eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces. The state of Virginia's secession convention votes to secede from the United States, later becoming the eighth state to join the Confederate States of America. American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins: Troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls to the Romans after several months of siege, ending the First Jewish-Roman War. Stefan Dušan, "the Mighty", is crowned Emperor of the Serbs at Skopje, his empire occupying much of the Balkans. The Revolt of the Comuneros begins in Spain against the rule of Charles V. Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the settlement of Salta, Argentina. The Battle of Culloden is fought between the French-supported Jacobites and the British Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, in Scotland. After the battle many highland traditions were banned and the Highlands of Scotland were cleared of inhabitants. Franz Friedrich Wilhelm von Fürstenberg founds the University of Münster. French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of Mount Tabor: Napoleon drives Ottoman Turks across the River Jordan near Acre. The United States Senate ratifies the Rush-Bagot Treaty, limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain. The French Army captures Veracruz in the Pastry War. Shooting of a Māori by an English sailor results in the opening of the Wanganui Campaign of the New Zealand Wars. The Great Indian Peninsula Railway opens the first passenger rail in India, from Bori Bunder to Thane. The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up. American Civil War: Battle at Lee's Mills in Virginia. American Civil War: The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, a bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia, becomes law. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (15 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The Lateran Council condemns the Council of Hieria and anathematizes its iconoclastic rulings. Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the throne. Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War. Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Royalist Army. The Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina. Foundation of the Kingdom of Corsica. Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, receives its premiere performance in London, England. Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc found the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut. President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth. Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President upon Lincoln's death. The General Electric Company is formed. Closing ceremony of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens, Greece. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum to take power over Rome. After his marriage to the Christian Doubravka of Bohemia, the pagan ruler of the Polans, Mieszko I, converts to Christianity, an event considered to be the founding of the Polish state. Co-Emperor Otto II, a son of Otto I (the Great), marries the Byzantine princess Theophanu. She is crowned empress by Pope John XIII at Rome. Temür, grandson of Kublai, is elected Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan dynasty with the reigning titles Oljeitu and Chengzong. In England, the Yorkists under Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians under the Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet; the Earl is killed and Edward IV resumes the throne. A celestial phenomenon is reported over Nuremberg, described as an aerial battle. Bussa, a slave in British-ruled Barbados, leads a slave rebellion. For this, he is remembered as the first national hero of Barbados. Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Lajos Kossuth as its leader. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth; Lincoln lives till the following day. U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked at home by Lewis Powell. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō at Funajima island. Samuel Argall, having captured Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia, sets off with her to Jamestown with the intention of exchanging her for English prisoners held by her father. The Sikh religion was formalised as the Khalsa – the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints – by Guru Gobind Singh in northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar. George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah makes its world premiere in Dublin, Ireland. American Revolutionary War: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament. Lajos Kossuth presents the Hungarian Declaration of Independence in a closed session of the National Assembly. American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces. American Civil War: Raleigh, North Carolina is occupied by Union Forces. The New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded. The Colfax massacre, in which more than 60 black men are murdered, takes place. Jallianwala Bagh massacre: British Indian Army troops lead by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer killed approx 379-1000 unarmed demonstrators including men and women in Amritsar, India; and approximately 1,500 injured. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (11 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrarese forces led by Gaston de Foix and Alfonso I d'Este win the Battle of Ravenna against the Papal-Spanish forces. Italian War of 1542-46: A French army defeats Habsburg forces at the Battle of Ceresole, but fails to exploit its victory. William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain. War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War): Treaty of Utrecht. Premiere of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion BWV 244b at the St. Thomas Church, Leipzig An incomplete British victory over the French fleet at the Battle of the Basque Roads results in the court-martial of James, Lord Gambier. The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time. Second Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaría burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up. Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized. Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women. SMS Blücher, the last armored cruiser to be built by the Imperial German Navy, is launched. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (10 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. Three years later, he would be deposed due to alleged heresy. Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama visits the Ming dynasty capital at Nanjing. He is awarded the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma". Ludovico Sforza is captured by Swiss troops at Novara and is handed over to the French. The settlement of Villa Imperial de Carlos V (now the city of Potosí) in Bolivia is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area. The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America. The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, comes into force in Great Britain. Robert Walpole resigns from the British government, commencing the Whig Split which lasts until 1720. War of the Austrian Succession: Prussia gains control of Silesia at the Battle of Mollwitz. Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria. The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years. The Federal government of the United States approves the creation of the Second Bank of the United States. Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Ottoman government from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus. The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town of Missolonghi begin leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The distinguished soldier Septimus Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position. Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate. Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies. Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam. Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels. The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years. Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce. Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos". Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated by Innocent II for supporting Anacletus II as pope for seven years, even though Roger had already publicly recognized Innocent's claim to the papacy. Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum. Mongol-Jin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty. Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur. In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers. Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated. Czar Alexander I, the Russian Emperor and the Grand Duke of Finland, officially announces the transfer of the status of the Finnish capital from Turku to Helsinki. The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos. Black Hawk War: Around 300 United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans. Italy and Prussia ally against the Austrian Empire. William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons. In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning most of the town. First Corpus Juris Civilis, a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Empress Matilda becomes the first female ruler of England, adopting the title 'Lady of the English'. Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV charters Prague University. Felix V abdicates his claim to the papacy, ending the reign of the final Antipope. Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu. Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies. Premiere performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion, BWV 245, at St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig. End of Burmese-Siamese War (1765-67). Settlers establish Marietta, Ohio, the first permanent settlement created by U.S. citizens in the recently organized Northwest Territory. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople. The city falls on May 29, and is renamed Istanbul. One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place. At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town. The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway. American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat. King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) establishes the Chakri dynasty. During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic. John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire. British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz. This would be the turning point in the Peninsular War against Napoleon-led France. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (05 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his army. During the Battle on the Ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. Two hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrick van Brederode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Seventeen Provinces. In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. United States President George Washington exercises his authority to veto a bill, the first time this power is used in the United States. Peace of Basel between France and Prussia is made. In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead. Bolivia declares war on Chile, and Chile declares war on Peru, starting the War of the Pacific. The Transandine Railway connecting Chile and Argentina is inaugurated. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (04 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: King Louis the Pious captures Barcelona from the Moors after a siege of several months. A five-year Byzantine-Venetian peace treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. Francis Drake is knighted by Queen Elizabeth I for completing a circumnavigation of the world. Moriscos are expelled from the Kingdom of Valencia. Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain promises, among other things, a general pardon to all royalists and opponents of the monarchy for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum. Georges Cuvier delivers the first paleontological lecture. Napoleon abdicates (conditionally) for the first time and names his son Napoleon II as Emperor of the French, followed by unconditional abdication two days later. William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia, becoming the first President of the United States to die in office, and setting the record for the briefest administration. Vice President John Tyler succeeds Harrison as President. American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (03 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. The second of two the treaties making up the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis is signed, ending the Italian Wars. Robert Walpole becomes, in effect, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain, though he himself denied that title. Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand after the death of his half-brother, Rama III. The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins. American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America. American Old West: Robert Ford kills Jesse James. Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for a light, high-speed, four-stroke engine, which he uses seven months later to create the world's first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen. The trial in the libel case brought by Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of homosexuality. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (02 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Johns River. Commodore William James captures the Maratha fortress of Suvarnadurg on the west coast of India. The Coinage Act is passed by Congress, establishing the United States Mint. Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony in Vienna. French Revolutionary Wars: In the Battle of Copenhagen a British Royal Navy squadron defeats a hastily-assembled, smaller, mostly-volunteer Dano-Norwegian Navy at high cost, forcing Denmark out of the Second League of Armed Neutrality. American Civil War: The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia. American Civil War: Defeat at the Third Battle of Petersburg forces the Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate government to abandon Richmond, Virginia. Canadian Cree warriors attack the village of Frog Lake, killing nine. Dmitry Sipyagin, Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire, is assassinated in the Marie Palace, Saint Petersburg. "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles. The Australian Bureau of Statistics conducts the country's first national census. The ill-fated RMS Titanic begins sea trials. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (01 Apr 2024) Today's historical events: According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic. In New York City, the United States House of Representatives achieves its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first Speaker. The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin. American Civil War: Union troops led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeat Confederate troops led by George Pickett, cutting the Army of Northern Virginia's last supply line. The White Star steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547 in one of the worst marine disasters of the 19th century. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (30 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro-Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers. Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England. Guru Gobind Singh establishes the Khalsa in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian unification. Physicist Augustin Fresnel reads a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid. The Florida Territory is created in the United States. The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens. Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long. One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros. Origins of the American Civil War: "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature. The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War. Discovery of the chemical elements: Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium. Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece. Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, about two cents/acre ($4.19/km2), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (29 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a temporary stop to the Wars of the Roses. Cesare Borgia is given the title of Captain General and Gonfalonier by his father Rodrigo Borgia after returning from his conquests in the Romagna. The city of Salvador da Bahia, the first capital of Brazil, is founded. Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629. King Gustav III of Sweden dies after being shot in the back at a midnight masquerade ball at Stockholm's Royal Opera 13 days earlier. He is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf. Construction is authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal highway. King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates after a coup d'état. At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden. Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniaks rebel against Turkey. Mexican-American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege. The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab. Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company's rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (28 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Didius Julianus. Roman Emperor Valentinian I appoints his brother Flavius Valens co-emperor. The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco. Partitions of Poland: The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, a northern fief of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceases to exist and becomes part of Imperial Russia. Treaty of Florence is signed, ending the war between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Naples. Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second asteroid ever to be discovered. Peninsular War: France defeats Spain in the Battle of Medellín. War of 1812: In the Battle of Valparaíso, two American naval vessels are captured by two Royal Navy vessels. First concert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Otto Nicolai. Crimean War: France and Britain declare war on Russia. First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (27 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. Pope John XXII issues his In Agro Dominico condemning some writings of Meister Eckhart as heretical. Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León reaches the northern end of The Bahamas on his first voyage to Florida. Charles I becomes King of England, Scotland and Ireland as well as claiming the title King of France. The first of four destructive Calabrian earthquakes strikes southern Italy. Measuring magnitude 6.8 and assigned a Mercalli intensity of XI, it kills 10,000-30,000 people. The Second Rockingham ministry assumes office in Great Britain and begins negotiations to end the American War of Independence. The United States Government establishes a permanent navy and authorizes the building of six frigates. Peninsular War: A combined Franco-Polish force defeats the Spanish in the Battle of Ciudad Real. War of 1812: In central Alabama, U.S. forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Texas Revolution: On the orders of General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican Army massacres 342 Texian Army POWs at Goliad, Texas. The first international rugby football match, when Scotland defeats England in Edinburgh at Raeburn Place. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (26 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah. On the same day, al-Hakim's designated heir, Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas, is arrested in Damascus and brought to Egypt. Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt. The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end. Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights. William Caxton prints his translation of Aesop's Fables. Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru. Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands. The Royal Academy of Turku, the first university of Finland, is founded in the city of Turku by Queen Christina of Sweden at the proposal of Count Per Brahe. Silver-loaded Spanish ship San José is pushed south by strong winds, subsequently it wrecks in the coast of southern Chile and its surviving crew is killed by indigenous Cuncos. Safavid government troops take control of Basra. William Dampier is the first European to circumnavigate New Britain, discovering it is an island (which he names Nova Britannia) rather than part of New Guinea. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. Romanos Lekapenos seizes the Boukoleon Palace in Constantinople and becomes regent of the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII. Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah assassinates the eunuch chief minister Barjawan and assumes control of the government. Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scots (Scotland). The Council of Pisa convenes, in an attempt to heal the Western Schism. Hernando Cortes, entering province of Tabasco, defeats Tabascan Indians. Jerome Savage takes out a sub-lease to start the Newington Butts Theatre outside London. Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a patent to colonize Virginia. Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens. A French fleet anchors nears Fife Ness as part of the planned French invasion of Britain. The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom. The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. English victory over a Franco-Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate off the coast of Margate. Turco-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus.[full citation needed] James VI of Scotland is proclaimed King James I of England and Ireland, upon the death of Elizabeth I. Tokugawa Ieyasu is granted the title of shōgun from Emperor Go-Yōzei, and establishes the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo, Japan. The Province of Carolina is granted by charter to eight Lords Proprietor in reward for their assistance in restoring Charles II of England to the throne. Johann Sebastian Bach dedicated six concertos to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, now commonly called the Brandenburg Concertos, BWV 1046–1051. Great Britain passes the Quartering Act, which requires the Thirteen Colonies to house British troops. In Kraków, Tadeusz Kościuszko announces a general uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia, and assumes the powers of the Commander in Chief of all of the Polish forces. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last religious community to be closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Peace of Longjumeau is signed, ending the second phase of the French Wars of Religion. American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – "Give me liberty, or give me death!" – at St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia. Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death inside his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle. After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home. Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata. A massive earthquake destroys the former capital Inwa of the Konbaung dynasty, present-day Myanmar. The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded. Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City. American Civil War: The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Although a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond. The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law. War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru. Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao near Hưng Hóa, northern Vietnam. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. Æthelred of Wessex is defeated by a Danish invasion army at the Battle of Marton. Battle of Yashima: the Japanese forces of the Taira clan are defeated by the Minamoto clan. Vox in excelso: Pope Clement V dissolves the Order of the Knights Templar. Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire. The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags. Jamestown massacre: Algonquians kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia, a third of the colony's population, during the Second Anglo-Powhatan War. The Massachusetts Bay Colony outlaws the possession of cards, dice, and gaming tables. Anne Hutchinson is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious dissent. Nader Shah occupies Delhi in India and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne. The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act that introduces a tax to be levied directly on its American colonies. The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand. The Slave Trade Act of 1794 bans the export of slaves from the United States, and prohibits American citizens from outfitting a ship for the purpose of importing slaves. In the London Protocol, the three protecting powers (United Kingdom, France and Russia) establish the borders of Greece. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the Vivarium, by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas and Peranius. Emperor Heraclius returns the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem. Battle of Vincy between Charles Martel and Ragenfrid. Annulment of the marriage of King Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. On the day of his execution in Oxford, former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer deviates from the scripted sermon by renouncing the recantations he has made and adds, "And as for the pope, I refuse him, as Christ's enemy, and Antichrist with all his false doctrine." A fire in New Orleans leaves most of the town in ruins. With the church leadership driven out of Rome during an armed conflict, Pius VII is crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mâché. The Battle of Alexandria is fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis near Alexandria in Egypt. Code Napoléon is adopted as French civil law. Napoleonic Wars: Austrian forces repel French troops in the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Maximinus Thrax is proclaimed Roman emperor. Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish noblemen are publicly beheaded in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598-1599). The Dutch East India Company is established. Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment. After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule. German revolutions of 1848-49: King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: The Byzantine-Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends the Song dynasty in China. The Statute of Rhuddlan incorporates the Principality of Wales into England. Frederick III of Habsburg is the last Holy Roman Emperor crowned by medieval tradition in Rome by Pope Nicholas V The Edict of Amboise is signed, ending the first phase of the French Wars of Religion and granting certain freedoms to the Huguenots. The House of Commons of England passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, declaring it "useless and dangerous to the people of England". Explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River, is murdered by his own men. Charles IV, king of Spain, abdicates after riots and a popular revolt at the winter palace Aranjuez. His son, Ferdinand VII, takes the throne. The Cortes of Cádiz promulgates the Spanish Constitution of 1812. First documented bank heist in U.S. history, when burglars stole $245,000 (1831 values) from the City Bank (now Citibank) on Wall Street. Most of the money was recovered. The Taiping reform movement occupies and makes Nanjing its capital until 1864. The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand. The SS Georgiana, said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines, and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000. American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina. Louis Riel declares a provisional government in Saskatchewan, beginning the North-West Rebellion. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (18 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (aka Caligula = Little Boots) emperor. An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula leaves up to 20,000 dead. Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade. First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city. Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake. Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of the Romans. Valletta is made the capital city of Malta. Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia. New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741. American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act. The first modern republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. The Long Parliament of England is dissolved so as to prepare for the new Convention Parliament. The Army Corps of Engineers is established to found and operate the United States Military Academy at West Point. Prince Willem proclaims himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the first constitutional monarch in the Netherlands. The Wanderers F.C. win the first FA Cup, the oldest football competition in the world, beating Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1-0 at The Oval in Kennington, London. In Melbourne, the representatives of five colonies adopt a constitution, which would become the basis of the Commonwealth of Australia.[page needed] Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion. Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio, detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion. The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers. Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard HMS Monarch for breach of the Articles of War. American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans. Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin. The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance at the Savoy Theatre in London. The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard. Utah governor Heber Manning Wells vetoes a bill that would have eased restriction on polygamy. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, the first national wildlife refuge in the US, is established by President Theodore Roosevelt. In the second of the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites, about 80% of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of Weimar Germany. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 Mar 2024) Today's historical events: The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. At the Battle of Tondibi in Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi dynasty, led by Judar Pasha, defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one. Harvard College is named after clergyman John Harvard. Nojpetén, capital of the last independent Maya kingdom, falls to Spanish conquistadors, the final step in the Spanish conquest of Guatemala. The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (part of the War of Jenkins' Ear) begins. William Herschel discovers Uranus. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in the Coup of 1809. A French and Italian fleet is defeated by a British squadron off the island of Vis in the Adriatic during the Napoleonic Wars. Pope Leo XII publishes the apostolic constitution Quo Graviora in which he renewed the prohibition on Catholics joining freemasonry. Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist. The German revolutions of 1848-1849 begin in Vienna. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices