每日英語跟讀 Ep.K365: British Museum facing legal action over Parthenon sculptures 3D scan refusal   The British Museum is facing legal action from one of the UK’s leading heritage preservation organizations over its refusal to allow the 3D scanning of a piece in its Parthenon sculptures collection. 大英博物館正面臨英國領導遺產保護組織的法律訴訟，該組織拒絕允許對其帕台農神廟雕塑系列中的一件作品進行 3D 掃描。 The Institute for Digital Archaeology (IDA) said it would serve an injunction against the museum imminently, raising the stakes in the dispute between the two. 數位考古研究所 (IDA) 表示，它將立即對博物館發出禁令，這增加了兩者之間爭端的風險。 “We will be filing a complaint by the end of the week requesting the court to order the British Museum to grant our request,” Roger Michel, the IDA’s executive director, told the Guardian. “We want them to treat our application in exactly the same fashion that they would treat similar requests. Their refusal has been capricious and arbitrary.” “我們將在本週末提出申訴，要求法院命令大英博物館批准我們的請求，”IDA 執行董事羅傑米歇爾告訴衛報。 “我們希望他們以與處理類似請求完全相同的方式處理我們的申請。他們的拒絕是反复無常和武斷的。” The Oxford-based institute had hoped, with the museum’s blessing, to reproduce one of the high relief metopes from the Acropolis temple’s south facade as “proof of concept.” In 2016 it reconstructed Syria’s Palymyra arch of triumph out of Egyptian marble based on photographs following the monument’s destruction by Islamic State. 這家位於牛津的研究所曾希望在博物館的支持下，複製雅典衛城神廟南立面的高浮雕牆面之一，作為“概念證明”。 2016 年，它根據紀念碑被伊斯蘭國摧毀後的照片，用埃及大理石重建了敘利亞的 Palymyra 凱旋門。 Advocates believe 3D imaging could be employed to not only create replicas of the classical treasures but help resolve the longstanding row between Athens and London over patrimony of the Parthenon sculptures. Scans would allow a robot sculptor to reproduce the artworks with sub-millimetre accuracy using the same Pentelic marble from which the originals were chiselled, according to the IDA, a supporter of the sculptures’ repatriation to Greece. 支持者認為，3D 成像不僅可以用來製作古典珍品的複製品，還可以幫助解決雅典和倫敦之間關於帕台農神廟雕塑遺產的長期爭執。支持將雕塑送回希臘的 IDA 表示，掃描將允許機器人雕塑家使用與雕刻原件相同的 Pentelic 大理石以亞毫米精度複製藝術品。 The antiquities, regarded as the high point of classical art, have been in the British Museum’s possession since 1816 after their removal from the Parthenon at the behest of Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman empire, which then controlled what is now modern Greece. 這些古物被視為古典藝術的最高點，自 1816 年根據英國駐奧斯曼帝國大使埃爾金勳爵的要求從帕台農神廟移走後，這些古物一直由大英博物館收藏，當時奧斯曼帝國控制著現在的現代希臘. Successive Greek governments have argued that the antiquities were illegally hacked from the temple at a time when it was a subject nation without voice or sovereignty. The British Museum says they were legally acquired. 歷屆希臘政府都爭辯說，當它是一個沒有發言權或主權的附屬國時，這些文物是從神廟中非法盜取的。大英博物館稱它們是合法獲得的。 Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/04/05/2003776008 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: 對現狀不滿拉美從傾右變傾左 Leftists Replacing Right-Wing Leaders Across Latin America   In the final weeks of 2021, Chile and Honduras voted decisively for leftist presidents to replace leaders on the right, extending a significant, multiyear shift across Latin America. 在2021年的最後幾周，智利和宏都拉斯果斷地投票支援 左翼總統取代右翼領導人，延續 了整個拉丁美洲長達數年的重大轉變。 This year, leftist politicians are the favorites to win presidential elections in Colombia and Brazil, taking over from right-wing incumbents, which would put the left and center-left in power in the six largest economies in the region, stretching from Tijuana to Tierra del Fuego. 今年，左翼政客是贏得哥倫比亞和巴西總統選舉的最愛，他們接替了右翼現任者，這將使左翼和中左翼在該地區從蒂華納到火地島的六大經濟體中掌權。 Economic suffering, widening inequality, fervent anti-incumbent sentiment and mismanagement of COVID-19 have all fueled a pendulum swing away from the center-right and right-wing leaders who were dominant a few years ago. 經濟困境、不斷擴大的不平等、狂熱的反現任情緒以及對COVID-19的管理不善，都助長了幾年前佔主導地位的中右翼和右翼領導人的鐘擺擺動。 The left has promised more equitable distribution of wealth, better public services and vastly expanded social safety nets. But the region’s new leaders face serious economic constraints and legislative opposition that could restrict their ambitions — and restive voters who have been willing to punish whoever fails to deliver. 左翼承諾更公平地分配財富，提供更好的公共服務，並大大擴展社會安全網。但該地區的新領導人面臨著嚴重的經濟限制和立法反對，這可能會限制他們的野心-以及願意懲罰任何未能兌現承諾的人的不安分選民。 The left’s gains could buoy China and undermine the United States as they compete for regional influence, analysts say, with a new crop of Latin American leaders who are desperate for economic development and more open to Beijing’s global strategy of offering loans and infrastructure investment. The change could also make it harder for the United States to continue isolating authoritarian leftist regimes in Venezuela, Nicaragua and Cuba. 分析人士說，左翼的收益可能會提振中國，削弱美國，因為他們在爭奪地區影響力時，新一批拉丁美洲領導人迫切希望經濟發展，並對北京的全球戰略持更開放的態度， 提供貸款和 基礎設施投資。這一變化還可能使美國更難繼續孤立委內瑞拉、尼加拉瓜和古巴的獨裁左翼政權。 With rising inflation and stagnant economies, Latin America’s new leaders will find it hard to deliver real change on profound problems, said Pedro Mendes Loureiro, a professor of Latin American studies at the University of Cambridge. To some extent, he said, voters are “electing the left simply because it is the opposition at the moment.” 隨著通貨膨脹率上升和經濟停滯，拉丁美洲的新領導人將發現很難在深刻的問題上實現真正的變革，劍橋大學拉丁美洲研究教授佩德羅·門德斯·洛雷羅（Pedro Mendes Loureiro）說。他說，在某種程度上，選民正在"選舉左翼，僅僅是因為它目前是反對派。" Unlike the early 2000s, when leftists won critical presidencies in Latin America, the new officeholders are saddled by debt, lean budgets, scant access to credit and, in many cases, vociferous opposition. 與2000年代初不同，當時左翼分子在拉丁美洲贏得了關鍵的總統職位 ，而新的官員則背負著債務，預算緊張， 信貸匱乏以及在許多情況下大聲反對的負擔。 Eric Hershberg, director of the Center for Latin American and Latino Studies at American University, said the left’s winning streak is born out of widespread indignation. 美國大學拉丁美洲和拉丁裔研究中心主任埃裡克·赫什伯格（Eric Hershberg ）表示，左翼的連勝源於 廣泛的憤怒。 “This is really about lower-middle-class and working-class sectors saying, ‘Thirty years into democracy, and we still have to ride a decrepit bus for two hours to get to a bad health clinic,’”Hershberg said. "這實際上是關於中下層階層和工人階層部門說，'民主三十年後，我們仍然必須乘坐破舊的公共汽車兩個小時才能到達一個糟糕的健康診所，'"赫什伯格說。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6092284   Next Article   Topic : Venezuela, Once an Oil Giant, Reaches the End of an Era   For the first time in a century, there are no rigs searching for oil in Venezuela. 百年來，委內瑞拉首次沒有鑽油平台在鑽探石油。 Wells that once tapped the world’s largest crude reserves are abandoned or left to flare toxic gases that cast an orange glow over depressed oil towns. 曾自全球最大原油礦藏採油的油井，不是廢棄，就是任由洩漏的毒性氣體逕自燃燒，使附近蕭條的石油城鎮蒙上一層橘光。 Refineries that once processed oil for export are rusting hulks, leaking crude that blackens shorelines and coats the water in an oily sheen. 先前把石油加工出口的煉油廠成了生鏽的殘骸，洩漏的原油染黑了海岸線，並在海面形成一層油光。 Fuel shortages have brought the country to a standstill. At gas stations, lines go on for miles. 燃料短缺使這個國家陷入癱瘓。在加油站，排隊加油的車輛綿延數哩。 Venezuela’s colossal oil sector, which shaped the country and the international energy market for a century, has come to a near halt, with production reduced to a trickle by years of gross mismanagement and U.S. sanctions. The collapse is leaving behind a destroyed economy and a devastated environment and, many analysts say, bringing to an end the era of Venezuela as an energy powerhouse. 委內瑞拉龐大的石油業曾形塑這個國家和國際能源市場長達百年，如今卻幾近停頓，由於多年來管理不善和遭受美國制裁，產量只剩一丁點。石油業崩潰導致經濟慘淡，環境重創，且如許多分析家所言，為委國作為能源大國的時代畫下句點。 The country that a decade ago was the largest producer in Latin America, earning about $90 billion a year from oil exports, is expected to net about $2.3 billion by this year’s end — less than the aggregate amount that Venezuelan migrants who fled the country’s economic devastation will send back home to support their families, according to Pilar Navarro, a Caracas, Venezuela-based economist. 長駐委國首都卡拉卡斯的經濟學家納瓦洛說，當地10年前是拉丁美洲最大產油國，每年出口石油賺進900億美元，但到今年年底，預計可進帳23億美元，還不及為逃避經濟崩潰而出國的國民匯回養家的金錢總額。 Production is the lowest in nearly a century after sanctions forced most oil companies to stop drilling for or buying Venezuelan oil — and even that trickle could dry up soon, analysts warn. 分析家警告，制裁迫使許多石油公司停止鑽探或購買委國石油，以致其產量降到近百年來最低，甚至最後這點生產也可能即將停止。 The decline has diminished beyond recognition a country that just a decade ago rivaled the United States for regional influence. It is also unraveling a national culture defined by oil, a source of cash that once seemed endless; it financed monumental public works and pervasive graft, generous scholarships and flashy shopping trips to Miami. 石油業衰落，使十年前與美國享有同等區域影響力的委內瑞拉面目全非，還破壞了以石油為基礎的的國家文化，石油曾經是看似取之不盡的現金來源：支應大型公共工程，助長普遍存在的貪腐，用以發放豐厚的獎學金，也讓人們享受到美國佛州邁阿密的豪華購物之旅。 Crippling gasoline shortages have led to an outbreak of dozens of daily protests across most Venezuelan states in recent weeks. 汽油嚴重短缺，導致最近幾周委內瑞拉多數州每天總共爆發數十場抗議。 More than 5 million Venezuelans, or 1 in 6 residents, have fled the country since 2015, creating one of the world’s greatest refugee crises, according to the United Nations. The country now has the highest poverty rate in Latin America, overtaking Haiti this year, according to a recent study by Venezuela’s three leading universities. 聯合國資料顯示，2015年起已有逾500萬，也就是六分之一委國人逃離，是全球最大難民潮之一。委國三所頂尖大學最近的調查顯示，委國今年取代海地，成為拉美貧困率最高的國家。 Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/358363/web/ Powered by Firstory Hosting

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K364: Hard Questions From Students Across Europe   As they returned from playing tag at recess on a recent sunny morning, the red-cheeked children had lots of questions. 在最近一個陽光明媚的早晨，當他們在課間休息時玩完抓鬼回來時，玩的滿臉通紅的孩子們問很多問題。 “Russia is big enough; why does he want more land?” Max, 11, his eyes on an atlas, asked his teacher about President Vladimir Putin of Russia. 俄羅斯足夠大那他為什麼想要更多的土地？11歲的馬克斯盯著一本地圖集，向他的老師詢問了俄羅斯總統Vladimir Putin的情況。 Jessica, 11, stood with a knee on her chair. “Why are most crazy people men?” she wondered. 11歲的潔西卡（Jessica）跪在椅子上。“為什麼大多數瘋子都是男人？”她想知道。 Issy, 11, turned to the teacher: “Would you stay and fight for your country?” 11歲的伊西轉向老師：“你會留下來為你的國家而戰嗎？” Tara Harmer, a teacher of 36 years, paused to think. “It’s a difficult one, isn’t it?” she said in her elementary school classroom in Horsham, a town in southern England. “My instinct would be to protect you,” she reasoned. “Yes, I think I would fight for my country.” 36歲的塔拉·哈默（Tara Harmer）停下來想了下。“這是個很難回答的問題，不是嗎？” 她在英格蘭南部小鎮霍舍姆（Horsham）的小學教室里說。“我的本能是保護你，”她解釋。“是的，我想我會為我的國家而戰。 As Europeans have grappled with the shock of facing a war on their doorstep and a frenzied news cycle, many teachers have had little time to process what was happening; they had to provide answers, and fast. 當歐洲人努力應對家門口的戰爭和瘋狂的新聞周期的衝擊時，許多教師幾乎沒有時間處理正在發生的事情，他們必須提供答案，而且速度要快。 “I have had 100 questions,” said Sandro Pellicciotta, who teaches geography at a high school in the northern Italian city of Bologna. “And to be honest, I am quite afraid of saying some nonsense.” “我有100個問題，”在義大利北部城市博洛尼亞的一所高中教地理的桑德羅·佩利喬塔（Sandro Pellicciotta）說。“說實話，我很害怕說一些廢話。 Schoolchildren today were born long after the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s, and some were toddlers when the war in Syria was at its height. No conflict they are old enough to remember has been so widely displayed on their TikTok feeds as the war in Ukraine, or so close to home. 今天的學童是在1990年代巴爾幹衝突之後很久才出生的，有些人在敘利亞戰爭達到頂峰時還是蹣跚學步的孩子。可是在他們的時代，在他們的TikTok提要上如此廣泛地顯示為烏克蘭戰爭，或者離家這麼近。 The distance between their world and that of geopolitics has telescoped, and teachers have struggled to assuage fears that this war might affect them all. After two years of a pandemic, they also say the war has undermined their efforts to convince children that the world is not a hostile place. 他們的世界與地緣政治之間的距離已經大大增加，教師們一直在努力緩解人們對這場戰爭可能影響他們所有人的擔憂。經過兩年的大流行，他們還說，戰爭破壞了他們說服兒童相信世界不是一個充滿敵意的地方的努力。 Teachers across Europe described the challenges they were facing in the classroom and the questions they had been asked. 歐洲各地的教師描述了他們在課堂上面臨的挑戰以及他們被問到的問題。 Governments around Europe have acknowledged the challenges that the war in Ukraine poses for teachers and have drafted guidelines for them. 歐洲各國政府已經認識到烏克蘭戰爭給教師帶來的挑戰，併為他們擬了指導方針。 In France, the government said teachers should explain the common history of Russia and Ukraine, but make clear that it “does not substantiate the thesis that Ukraine, a sovereign state, does not have the right to independence.” According to the guidelines, teachers should also not insist on discussing the war if students are reluctant to do so. 在法國，政府表示，教師應該解釋俄羅斯和烏克蘭的共同歷史，但明確表示，這“並不能證實烏克蘭這個主權國家沒有獨立權的論點”。根據指導方針，如果學生不願意討論戰爭，教師也不應該堅持討論戰爭。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6242895 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K363: About health - Screen-Time Before Bed Can Disrupt Sleep   Digital screen time before bed can have a negative impact on the quality of your sleep. A US study found that as little as eight minutes of exposure to blue light keeps you mentally stimulated for over one hour, which tends to throw off the body’s circadian rhythm or biological clock. 睡前花時間看數位螢幕會對你的睡眠品質產生負面影響。美國一項研究發現，只要暴露在藍光下短短8分鐘，就能讓你在1個多小時內保持精神興奮，這往往會擾亂身體的晝夜節律或生物時鐘。 Exposure to blue light suppresses the production of melatonin, a hormone that induces sleepiness. Melatonin release in the evening helps you relax before bedtime. Suppression of melatonin can cause you to stay up later and sleep less than you normally would. 暴露在藍光下會抑制褪黑激素的產生，褪黑激素是一種會導致嗜睡的激素。晚間釋放褪黑激素可幫助睡前放鬆。抑制褪黑激素會導致你熬夜，睡眠時間比平時少。 Seeing something right before bed that either makes you upset or happy can trigger a response that prolongs falling sleep, which consequently delays REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These emotions can leave you staring at the ceiling for hours feeling wide awake. 睡前看到讓你心煩意亂或快樂的事情，會引發延長入睡時間的反應，從而延遲快速眼動（REM）睡眠。這些情緒會讓你盯著天花板看幾個小時，感覺完全清醒。   Next Article   Want to sleep better? Lift some weights 想要睡好點？練些舉重吧   Struggling to sleep? Put some muscle into your efforts by adding resistance training, otherwise known as weight training, to your weekly exercise routine. 難以成眠？將阻力訓練、也就是重量訓練，納入每週例行運動，再多試試看吧。 In fact, resistance training may even beat aerobic exercise in the race for best sleep aid, according to a new preliminary study presented Thursday at the American Heart Association’s Epidemiology, Prevention, Lifestyle & Cardiometabolic Health Conference. 事實上，根據週四「美國心臟學會流行病學、預防、生活型態和心臟代謝健康會議」上發表的一份新的初步研究，以最能幫助睡眠來說，阻力訓練或許甚至比有氧運動還好。 "In our study, we found that resistance exercise appeared to go above and beyond aerobics or even a combined aerobic and resistance routine on several different sleep outcomes," said study author Angelique Brellenthin, an assistant professor of kinesiology at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. 「我們在研究中發現，在數個不同的睡眠結果上，阻力運動比有氧運動、甚至是有氧加阻力運動的效果還要好」，研究報告作者、愛荷華州立大學人體運動學助理教授布雷倫森說。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1509615 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1509987 Powered by Firstory Hosting

本集節目由五十年醬油品牌 豆油伯贊助播出，好醬油 豆油伯直接幫你送到家   Summary: Soy sauce is arguably the most important seasoning in Asian cooking. Its well-balanced, salty-sweet taste and deep layer of umami richness make nearly all foods taste more delicious and satisfying. Its uses range from a dab on sushi to a splash into noodle soups and stir-fries, as well as the featured flavour of glazed dishes like teriyaki.   The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa. He brought with him a recipe for making Kinzanji miso, a uniquely chunky type of miso made from whole soybeans, various other grains (such as barley and rice) and vegetables.   Vocabulary: Condiment n. 調味品/醬料 Uncle Soy Sauce is now the hottest condiment in town. 豆油伯是現下最受歡迎的醬料。 Umami n. 鮮味(源於日本用語) Dipping your sashimi in soy sauce would elevate the umami of the fish 生魚片沾點醬油會提升鮮味。 Season v. 調味 If you season your food with soy sauce, you will easily create Chinese food 如果你用醬油來調味食物，馬上可以創造中華風味的料理。 更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab 歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected] 商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected]     Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K362: The Era of the Foreign Correspondent Is Over   It will be named for a word that is the same in dozens of languages. It will recruit English-speaking journalists from countries like India and Singapore to cover the news. And according to its cofounder, “The era of the foreign correspondent is over.” 它將會是在幾十種語言中相同的單詞。它將從印度和新加坡等國招募講英語的記者來報導 新聞。根據其聯合創始人的說法， 外國記者的時代已經結束。“ These are among the ideas in store for the new media venture led by Justin Smith, the former chief executive of Bloomberg Media, and Ben Smith, the former editor of BuzzFeed and media columnist for The New York Times, according to remarks by Justin Smith during an online seminar. 根據賈斯汀·史密斯（Justin Smith）在一次在線研討會上的言論，這些都是由彭博媒體（Bloomberg Media）前首席執行官賈斯汀·史密斯（Justin Smith）和BuzzFeed前主編、《紐約時報》媒體專欄作家本·史密斯（Ben Smith）領導的新媒體企業的想法之一。 The Smiths, who are not related, have been tight-lipped about plans for their new company, which has captured the fascination of the media industry because of its high-profile founders and their ambitious pledge to compete with international outlets like Reuters, The Associated Press and The Times. 史密斯夫婦沒有血緣關係，他們對新公司的計劃守口如瓶，該公司因其備受矚目的創始人以及他們雄心勃勃的承諾與路透社，美聯社和泰晤士報等國際媒體競爭而吸引了媒體行業的魅力。 The Smiths are seeking tens of millions of dollars in funding from prominent investors. They announced the hiring of Gina Chua, a top editor at Reuters who will serve as executive editor. 史密斯夫婦正在尋求知名投資者的數千萬美元資金 。他們宣佈聘請路透社的頂級編輯Gina Chua， 她將擔任執行編輯。 Justin Smith offered some new details during an hourlong Zoom interview sponsored by the Harvard Business School Club of New York. 賈斯汀·史密斯（Justin Smith）在紐約哈佛商學院俱樂部（Harvard Business School Club of New York）贊助的長達一小時的Zoom採訪中提供了一些新的細節。 “We’ve chosen a brand that we’re going to be unveiling in a couple of months that is the same word in 25 or 35 different languages,” Smith told the moderator. “It is very intentionally going to be able to live in Asia or Europe or the Middle East or America.” “我們選擇了一個我們將在幾個月內推出的品牌，這是25或35種不同語言的同一個詞，”史密斯告訴主持人。 “這是非常有意的，能夠生活在亞洲、歐洲、中東或美洲。“ Smith did not reveal the name that he had selected. English words that are the same or similar in many other languages include taxi, tea, coffee, chai, sugar, pajama, radio and soup. 史密斯沒有透露他選擇的名字。 在許多其他語言中相同或相似的英語單詞包括計程車，茶，咖啡，柴， 糖，睡衣，收音機和湯。 Smith also shared his thoughts about what he called the end of an era where news outlets based in London, New York or Washington dispatched journalists to foreign countries to report on the goings-on there. He asked why foreign readers would not prefer a homegrown English-speaking native to report the news in their region. 史密斯還分享了他對自己所謂的時代結束的看法，在這個時代 ，倫敦、紐約或華盛頓的新聞媒體派遣記者 到國外報導那裡發生的事情。他問為什麼外國 讀者不喜歡一個土生土長的講英語的人來報導 他們所在地區的新聞。 “The idea that you send some well-educated young graduate from the Ivy League to Mumbai to tell us about what’s going on in Mumbai in 2022 is sort of insane,” Smith said. “你派一些受過良好教育的年輕畢業生從常春藤盟校到孟買告訴我們2022年孟買發生的事情，其實有點瘋狂，”史密斯說。 Instead, he said he would pursue “very educated, English-language-educated journalists all around the world,” describing an opportunity “for scaling local and regional newsrooms at a lower cost.” 相反的，他說他將在世界各地追求「受過良好教育，受過英語教育的記者」，並描述了一個“以較低的成本擴大本地和區域新聞編輯室的機會。” Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6210011 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K361: Farm animals and humans should be treated the same, children say   Children think farm animals deserve to be treated as well as human beings but lose this belief in adolescence, a groundbreaking study has found. 一項開創性的研究發現，孩子們認為農場動物應該像人類一樣受到對待，但在青春期就失去了這種信念。 Researchers from the universities of Exeter and Oxford asked a group of British children aged nine to 11, young adults aged 18 to 21 and older men and women about their attitudes to different sorts of animals. 來自埃克塞特大學和牛津大學的研究人員詢問了一組9至11歲的英國兒童，18至21歲的年輕人以及年齡較大的男性和女性，以了解他們對不同種類動物的態度。 In general, the children said farm animals and human beings should be treated the same and found eating animals less morally acceptable than both sets of adults. The findings suggest that “speciesism” — a moral hierarchy that gives different value to different animals — is learned during adolescence, according to the study. 普遍來說，孩子們說農場動物和人類應該得到同樣的對待，並且發現吃動物在道德上不如兩組成年人。研究結果表明，「物種主義」——一種賦予不同動物不同價值的道德等級制度——是在青春期學習的。 “Humans’ relationship with animals is full of ethical double standards,” said the lead author, Luke McGuire, a lecturer at the University of Exeter who specializes in social and moral development. “Some animals are beloved household companions, while others are kept in factory farms for economic benefit. Judgments seem to largely depend on the species of the animal in question: dogs are our friends, pigs are food.” “人類與動物的關係充滿了道德雙重標準，”主要作者，埃克塞特大學（University of Exeter）專門研究社會和道德發展的講師盧克·麥奎爾（Luke McGuire）說。“有些動物是心愛的家庭伴侶，而另一些則為了經濟利益而被飼養在工廠化農場。判斷似乎在很大程度上取決於所討論動物的種類：狗是我們的朋友，豬是食物。 The report says an important aspect of the human mind is “moral acrobatics”: people can hold ethical values that contradict each other and employ moral double standards. But the origins of moral acrobatics relating to animals is poorly understood and the researchers say this new study provides some of the first evidence examining the differences in how children and adults think about animal treatment. 報告說，人類思維的一個重要方面是“道德雜技”：人們可以持有相互矛盾的道德價值觀，並採用道德雙重標準。但是，與動物有關的道德雜技的起源知之甚少，研究人員表示，這項新研究提供了一些初步證據，檢查了兒童和成人如何看待動物治療的差異。 Among other tasks, participants in the study were presented with pictures including a farm animal and companion animals and asked to categorize them as “food”, “pet” or “object”. They were asked how animals were treated, and how they should be treated. 除其他任務外，該研究的參與者還獲得了包括農場動物和伴侶動物在內的圖片，並被要求將它們歸類為“食物”，“寵物”或“物體”。他們被問及如何對待動物，以及應該如何對待它們。 Children did not judge all animals to be equal. They concluded, in fact, that dogs ought to be treated better than pigs — but also that pigs ought not to be treated differently from humans. The two sets of adult groups said pigs ought to be treated less well than dogs, while humans and dogs ought to be treated the same. 孩子們並沒有判斷所有的動物都是平等的。事實上，他們得出的結論是，狗應該比豬受到更好的對待，但也不應該對豬的待遇與人類不同。這兩組成年群體表示，豬應該比狗受到的待遇要差，而人類和狗應該受到同樣的對待。 McGuire said the study suggests that while children think farm animals and humans ought to be treated equally well, by adulthood people believe that companion animals and humans ought to be treated better. He said children rated eating animals as significantly less permissible than young adults and adults did. McGuire說，這項研究表明，雖然孩子們認為農場動物和人類應該得到同等的對待，但到了成年人，人們認為伴侶動物和人類應該得到更好的對待。他說，兒童認為吃動物比年輕人和成年人的允許性要低得多。 The paper, published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, is titled “The development of speciesism: age-related differences in the moral view of animals.” 這篇論文發表在《社會心理與人格科學》（Social Psychological and Personality Science）雜誌上，題目是“物種主義的發展：動物道德觀中與年齡相關的差異”。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/04/19/2003776807 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: About Canada - Quebec unlocks world’s only maple syrup strategic reserve Quebec Maple Syrup Producers（QMSP）is releasing more than half of the world’s only strategic reserve of 45 million kg of maple syrup to keep up with soaring demand - avoiding a sticky situation for pancake lovers. 魁北克楓糖漿商會（QMSP）正釋出全球僅有的4500萬公斤楓糖漿戰略儲備的逾半儲量，以滿足高漲的需求，避免鬆餅迷無楓糖可吃。 Sales of maple syrup have climbed since the pandemic spread in 2019 and led to more people eating at home. Adding to the syrup squeeze, Quebec’s harvest in 2020 was the smallest in three years due to unusually warm weather. 自2019年疫情蔓延、導致人們更常在家吃飯以來，楓糖漿銷量一飛衝天。由於不尋常的溫暖氣候影響，魁北克省2020年的收成量創下3年新低，也使楓糖漿更加缺貨。 The Global Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve spans 24,805 square meters, the equivalent of five football fields, securing syrup in sterilized 170-liter barrels. 「全球策略性楓糖漿保留計畫」的儲備廠佔地2萬4805平方公尺，相當於5座足球場，楓糖漿則密封在170公升的滅菌桶中。 QMSP is also approving 7 million new taps during the next three years, a 14% increase, to bolster production. QMSP也同意在3年內增採700萬棵楓樹，約增加14％，以提升楓糖漿生產量。   Next Article   Topic: To keep coronavirus out, Canada’s smallest province kept the rest of the country away 為了不讓新冠病毒進入 加拿大最小省分與全國其他地方保持距離 In the winter months, when icy conditions keep most people from traveling by sea, there are only two ways to enter Prince Edward Island: by plane or an eight-mile bridge. 在（因海面）冰凍以致大多數人無法搭船（上島）的冬季月份，只有兩種方式可以進入愛德華王子島：搭機或（開車走）8英里長的橋。 When the novel coronavirus started spreading around the world early this year, Canada’s smallest province, off the country’s eastern coast north of Nova Scotia, found itself at a geographical advantage. The island’s remoteness, paired with an aggressive isolation campaign that restricted nonessential travel and enforced two-week quarantines for those arriving in the province, paid dividends. 當今年稍早新冠病毒開始蔓延全球之際，這個位於加拿大東岸外海、新斯科舍省以北的加國最小省分，發現自己享有地理上的優勢。該島的偏僻性，再加上限制非必要旅遊以及蒞臨該省者強制檢疫2週的激進隔離活動，獲致良好效果。 By late April, as death counts were ticking upward in other parts of Canada and soaring in the United States, the province had confirmed just 27 cases of the virus — all of them linked to off-island travel. None of those patients was hospitalized, and no one died. 到了4月底，當加拿大其他地區的死亡人數向上攀升，美國的死亡人數也一飛沖天之際，該省只有27起新冠病毒確診病例─所有病例都與島外差旅有關。這些患者中無人住院，也無人死亡。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1506234 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1388474   Next Article   Topic: Fly south or roost? Canadian ’snowbirds’ weigh Florida mid-pandemic Birds of a feather normally flock together, but the pandemic has divided Canada’s "snowbird" warm weather migrants into two camps：those staying home this winter and those heading to Florida no matter the cost. 通常來說，物以類聚，但是這場疫情已經使加拿大每年遷徙到氣候溫暖區的「雪鳥族」分成兩陣營：待在家鄉過冬，以及不計代價前往佛州者。 Nearly a million Canadians make the annual pilgrimage, fleeing to the southern United States to pass what would otherwise be gray and snowy months with their toes tucked in the sand and ocean breeze in their hair. 每年有將近100萬名加拿大人飛奔到美國南方，享受漫步沙灘、和煦海風吹過髮梢，度過在家鄉會是滿是灰白雪世界的幾個月。 The coronavirus has led a majority to forgo the trip this year － but for those flouting Canada’s repeated calls to stay put, the price tag on winter at the beach has skyrocketed. 新型冠狀病毒導致今年大多數人放棄這趟旅程，但是對那些不顧加拿大一再呼籲不要旅行的人來說，到南方沙灘過冬的代價飛漲。 Each plane ticket costs Can$500 and hauling the vehicle 55 miles across the border sets customers back $1,000. 每張機票要500加幣，把車子運送55英里越過邊境，則要花上1000加幣。   Next Article   Topic: Canadian officials warn drivers not to let moose lick their cars 加拿大官員警告駕駛 不要讓駝鹿舔他們的車 Officials in Jasper, an alpine town in Canada’s Alberta province, have put up signs asking motorists to avoid allowing moose to lick the salt off their cars. 加拿大亞伯達省高山小鎮賈斯柏的官員們，已經張貼標語要求駕駛人不得允許駝鹿舔他們車外的鹽。 "They’re obsessed with salt, it’s one of the things they need for the minerals in their body," Jasper National Park spokesman Steve Young told CNN. "They usually get it from salt lakes in the park, but now they realized they can also get road salt that splashes onto cars." 「他們癡迷於鹽，鹽是其中一種牠們身體必需的礦物質」，賈斯柏國家公園發言人史蒂夫．楊告訴美國有線電視新聞網，「他們通常會從公園的湖鹽獲取它（礦物質），但現在他們知道，他們也能從濺在車上的路鹽得到」。 At the Jasper National Park, where people often park on the side of the road in hopes of catching a glimpse of the moose, letting the animals near your car is actually a serious danger. 賈斯柏國家公園內時常有人停車在路邊，希望能得到駝鹿的注意，但讓動物接近你的車，其實是非常危險的。 By allowing moose to lick the salt off your car, they will become habituated with being around cars. That poses a risk to both the animals and the drivers who can accidentally crash into them. 允許駝鹿舔你的車外的鹽，將會讓牠們習慣徘徊於車子旁邊。對動物及可能意外與牠們相撞的駕駛人都構成風險。 Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1422097   Topic: In Canada, Unraveling Centuries of Indigenous Land Claims Whenever Prime Minister Justin Trudeau or his Cabinet ministers speak in certain parts of Ontario or Quebec, they begin by acknowledging they are on “unceded Algonquin territory.” 每當總理賈斯汀．杜魯多或他的內閣部長在安大略或魁北克省的特定地方發表演說時，都會以承認他們是站在「未讓渡的阿岡昆領土上」開場。 That recognition is just one of the ways Trudeau’s government has been trying to signal a top priority: righting the wrongs Canada has done to indigenous people, especially over land that aboriginals say was taken from them unjustly. 如此承認只是杜魯多政府試圖表明其第一優先要務的途徑之一，這要務則是導正加拿大對原住民所做的錯事，特別是針對原住民聲稱被以不公平方式奪走的土地。 But finding common ground on this issue has proved to be one of Trudeau’s most difficult policy initiatives, and critics say efforts to resolve the land disputes have bogged down. But both sides agree on the importance of sorting out the claims. 在這議題上尋求共識已證明是杜魯多最棘手的政策舉措之一，且批評者指出，解決土地紛爭的努力已陷入困境。不過，雙方都認同解決土地聲索問題的重要性。 “The process of negotiating land claims should be an absolute pillar of reconciliation,” said Ken Coates, a historian at the University of Saskatchewan who studies treaties and is a consultant to indigenous groups. “This is our chance to get it right and if we don’t — boy, when will we get the chance again?” 薩斯喀徹溫大學歷史學家肯恩．柯茨對條約有深入研究且是原住民團體的顧問，他說：「談判土地聲索的過程應該成為雙方和解的絕對支柱。這是我們導正錯誤的機會，若不這樣做，天哪，不知何時還有機會？ 」 Of the many issues dividing Canada’s federal and provincial governments from its indigenous people, land claims are among the most symbolically important and economically consequential, often involving vast amounts of territory. 在造成加拿大聯邦政府、省級政府與原住民間隔閡的諸多問題中 ，土地聲索是最具象徵意義與經濟重要性者之一，經常事關極大量的領土。 Some claims involve hundreds of millions of dollars, and tribes are often interested in controlling the land at issue, by, for example, having a say over logging, oil exploration and mining. 有些土地聲索涉及數億美元，部落往往對擁有這些爭議土地的控制權感興趣，例如在伐木、探油和開礦上享有發言權。 One claim by various Algonquin groups involves the 8.9 million acres of the Ottawa watershed — which includes Canada’s Parliament buildings and Supreme Court. The government thought it had settled that claim in principle a year ago, but it has ended up in litigation anyway. 各阿岡昆族群共同提出的聲索之一，是渥太華流域的890萬英畝土地，其上有加拿大國會大廈和最高法院。 政府認為1年前原則上已解決了這項聲索，不過到頭來還是成了對簿公堂。 The claims are legally thorny, often requiring historians, archaeologists, geographers and geologists to give evidence sometimes stretching back before recorded history to support, or challenge, them. 這些聲索在法律上相當棘手，經常需要歷史學家、考古學家、地理學家和地質學家提供證據，有時還必須回溯到有文字可考歷史之前，以支撐或挑戰這些聲索。 In some regions, land may have been occupied by different indigenous groups at different times, even changing hands after battles that were unrecorded. These groups may all assert rights, and claims can overlap. 在部分地區，土地可能被不同的原住民族群在不同的時間占據過，甚至曾在戰爭後易手而沒有留下紀錄。這些族群可能都提出主權聲索，而且可能彼此重疊。 Then there is the problem of treaties. Some indigenous groups, like the Algonquins, never signed treaties giving up their land. The government says it is talking with about 140 indigenous groups in that situation. 接著還有條約問題。一些原住民族群如阿岡昆人，從未簽署過放棄他們土地的條約。 政府表示他們正與處於這種狀況下的約140個原住民族群進行談判。 Others did sign treaties, and a government tribunal that deals with treaty disputes has 72 cases and is so overwhelmed that it cannot estimate how long it will take to resolve them. 其他族群確實簽署了條約，處理條約爭端的1個政府法庭手上有72個案件，案件多到不堪負荷，難以估計要多久才能解決。 The result is that settlement negotiations occur at a frustratingly slow pace. 結果則是，和解談判是以令人沮喪的龜速進行。 Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/320990/web/ Powered by Firstory Hosting

主題: 英語慣用語系列 – 家用品相關慣用語 Household Items Idioms   (No) Strings Attached 無條件 Meaning: Without additional obligations, without conditions Example: I’m giving you the money. Pay me back if you can, but don’t worry about it. There are no strings attached.   A Needle in a Haystack 大海撈針 Meaning: Trying to find something that is mixed in with many similar items Example: There must be 300 bags on this carousel. We’ll be searching for a needle in a haystack.   In the Toilet 不好的狀況 Meaning: In disastrous condition Example: Sales have been in the toilet all year. What can we do to make people want to buy our products?   Push the Envelope 挑戰創新/極限 Meaning: Go beyond common ways of doing something, be innovative Example: Vera Wang has become well known because her clothing designs consistently push the envelope.   Sweep Under the Rug 眼不見為淨 Meaning: Attempt to temporarily conceal a problem or error Example: You can sweep your mistake under the rug, but the audit will make clear what you did.   練習分享時間: 你可以用全部慣用語來造句嗎？挑戰下自己看可以用多少個。 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K360: Ballet is hard enough. What Happens When You Lose a Year?   In ballet when you lose a year, you lose a lot. It takes years of sacrifice and training to become a professional, and the performing life of a dancer is short. 在芭蕾的世界，你失去一年，你的損失可就大了。經過多年犧牲訓練才能成為一個專業舞者，表演生涯卻頗為短暫。 For elite ballet dancers, a solid career lasts around 15 years — and that comes after roughly a decade of schooling. Could this pause alter the evolution of dance generations? 對菁英芭蕾舞者而言，穩定的職涯約可維持15年，唯須先經10年左右正式學習。這波疫情中斷會改變舞蹈界的世代演進嗎？ “They’re losing a year to a year and a half of their career that they’re not going to get back,” Jonathan Stafford, New York City Ballet’s artistic director, said. “It’s not like they can make it up on the back end. Everyone eventually is going to age out.” 「他們損失一年至一年半的職涯，而且無法追回。」紐約市芭蕾舞團藝術總監強納森‧史代佛說。「這並非他們之後能補上的事，到頭來每個人都會不再適齡。」 Ballet dancers need mental toughness to prevail in ordinary times. But this collective timeout is unlike anything they have experienced in their careers. 芭蕾舞者平時就需有堅強的心智方能出類拔萃，碰上這波疫情被迫集體性暫停卻跟他們原來職涯中任何經歷都大不相同。 “It has to be brutal — physically and psychologically,” Mikhail Baryshnikov said in an email. He recalled having “tough tests” — times in his career when injuries had forced him to take off a few months. “But it’s hard to imagine what it’s been like for dancers sidelined by the pandemic.” 「這對身心肯定都是嚴苛考驗。」米夏‧巴瑞辛尼可夫在電郵中表示。他回憶職涯中多次因受傷被迫休息數月，遭遇「嚴酷試煉」。「但是，很難想像舞者因為疫情無法表演是何種光景。」 How does a dancer stay motivated and challenged? Some won’t have jobs to return to, and those who do don’t know when performances will return to normal. And the clock keeps ticking. 舞者如何維持積極向上和接受挑戰的心志？一些人將回不去原來的工作崗位，回得去的也不知演出何時能恢復正常。而時光繼續流逝。 “I can’t imagine any point in my career being dealt this card,” said Wendy Whelan, the associate artistic director of City Ballet where she was a leading dancer for 30 years. “You are taking up steps — up, up, up, up, up — and you don’t want to get knocked off of any one of those steps at any point. Then, when you get there, you want to hang on to it as long as you can.” 「我無法想像職涯中任何時間點碰上這種情況。」曾任紐約市芭蕾舞團首席舞者30年的該團副藝術總監溫蒂‧韋倫說。「你順著台階往上爬，一階階往上攻頂，不想在任何時刻從任何一階上被打下來。然後當你登頂後，會想在那兒待得愈久愈好。」 Stafford said he wasn’t worried about dancers regaining their athleticism and movement quality; he even thinks their technique will be better, a result of working more slowly and focusing on the basics. But it will take time — months of classes and then rehearsals — to get them back to where they were last March. 史代佛說，他並不擔心舞者無法回復運動能力與動作品質，甚至認為他們的技巧會更好，因為能以較慢步調練習及專注於基礎。但需要相當時間，數月課程再加上排練，才能讓他們重回去年三月的狀態。 Dancers are practical; this year has shown that they are also incredibly resilient. While the shutdown has meant time away from performing, it has also given dancers an opportunity to experience life beyond their art, and many have relished the pause. They are taking college classes or teaching or having surgery they have put off, knowing there is time to recover. There are lots of babies on the way. 舞者是務實的，這一年顯示他們也極具韌性。封城雖意味無法表演，卻也給舞者體驗舞蹈以外人生的機會，許多人很享受這段空檔。他們去大學上課、教課或接受擱置的手術，因為知道有時間可以休養。另外也會有許多新生命即將誕生。 “I am convinced that they’re going to come back more well rounded, more interesting, softer in a way,” Whelan said, adding: “This time has been so healthy. Unfortunate, yet healthy.” 「我確信他們再回來時會更全面而完整，更有趣，或者也可以說更柔軟。」韋倫說，她又說：「這段時光十分健康，雖不幸」Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5348793 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K359: About medicine - Scientists publish the first complete human genome   Scientists on Thursday published the first complete human genome, filling in gaps remaining after previous efforts while offering new promise in the search for clues regarding disease-causing mutations and genetic variation among the world’s 7.9 billion people. 科學家週四發表第一個完整人類基因組，填補了先前努力後仍存在的空白，同時為在全球79億人中尋找有關致病突變和遺傳變異的線索，帶來新希望。 Researchers in 2003 unveiled what was then billed as the complete sequence of the human genome. But about 8% of it had not been fully deciphered, mainly because it consisted of highly repetitive chunks of DNA that were difficult to mesh with the rest. 研究人員於2003年公布當時被稱為人類基因組的完整序列，但其中有大約8％沒有完全破譯，主要是因為這部分是由高度重覆的DNA片段組成，難以與其他部分相嚙合。 A consortium of scientists resolved that in research published in the journal Science. The work was initially made public last year before its formal peer review process. 一個科學家團隊解決了上述問題，並將成果發表在《科學》期刊。這項研究在經過正式同儕審查程序前，最初曾在去年公布。 The consortium’s full version is composed of 3.055 billion base pairs, the units from which chromosomes and our genes are built, and 19,969 genes that encode proteins. 這個團隊提供的完整版本，是由30億5500萬個鹼基對（構成染色體和基因的單位）和1萬9969個蛋白質編碼基因所組成。   Next Article   ‘You inhaled it’: Man inhales drill bit during dental visit 「你把它吸入了」：男子看牙醫時吸入鑽頭   A routine trip to the dentist was anything but normal — after an Illinois man inhaled the dentist’s drill bit and had to go to the hospital to get it removed last month. 這個例行造訪牙醫的行程絕對不正常──在伊利諾一名男子上月把牙醫的鑽頭吸入以後，必須前往醫院把它取出。 Tom Jozsi, 60, told WISN-TV that he was at the dentist getting his tooth filled when he was told he swallowed a tool. 60歲的湯姆．賈州仕告訴WISN電視台，他在牙醫那邊補牙時被告知，他吞下了一個工具。 “I didn’t really even feel it going down. All I felt was a cough. When they did the CT scan they realized, ‘You didn’t swallow it. You inhaled it,’” he said. Doctors believe that Jozsi inhaled just before he coughed, sending the 1-inch bit deep into Jozsi’s lung. 他說，「我甚至沒有真的感覺到它下去。我只感覺到咳嗽。當他們做了電腦斷層掃描，他們了解到：『你沒有吞了它。你把它吸進去。』」醫生們相信，賈州仕是在咳嗽前吸進去的，把這個1英寸的鑽頭送進他肺部深處。 Dr. Abdul Alraiyes decided to try a newer device to remove the object — one that’s designed for early detection of cancer. 阿卜杜勒．阿萊耶斯醫師決定嘗試一種更新型的設備來移除該物體──一種設計用來早期偵測癌症的設備。 Video of the scan shows the medical team was able to navigate the narrow airways, reach the drill piece and pull it out without harming Jozsi. 掃描影片顯示，醫療團隊能在狹窄氣道遊走、觸及探頭並將之拉出而不傷害賈州仕。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1512260 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1513256 Powered by Firstory Hosting

新的一季Vocab，我們會每週週三準時上架，讓大家收聽全英時事討論，吸收主題相關詞彙用語以及觀點~ 也開放聽眾來信或投稿主題喔！   15Mins主持群祝所有女兒、媳婦、母親、奶奶、曾奶奶，母親節，女王節快樂！   Summary: Celebrations of mothers and motherhood can be traced back to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who held festivals in honor of the mother goddesses Rhea and Cybele, but the clearest modern precedent for Mother’s Day is the early Christian festival known as “Mothering Sunday.”   The origins of Mother’s Day as celebrated in the United States date back to the 19th century. In the years before the Civil War, Ann Reeves Jarvis of West Virginia helped start “Mothers’ Day Work Clubs” to teach local women how to properly care for their children.   These clubs later became a unifying force in a region of the country still divided over the Civil War. In 1868 Jarvis organized “Mothers’ Friendship Day,” at which mothers gathered with former Union and Confederate soldiers to promote reconciliation.       Vocabulary: Carnation 康乃馨 Ann Reeves Jarvis chose carnation as the emblem of Mother's Day because it was her mother's favorite flower. Ann Reeves Jarvis 康乃馨為母親節的象徵主要是因為是她母親最喜歡的花。 Hallmark cards 賀曼賀卡 For special occasions, you should buy a Hallmark card for your mother. 特殊節日你應該買張賀曼賀卡給你母親。 Quote 名言/引用 A quote from Rudyard Kipling - God can't be everywhere, so he created mothers. Rudyard Kipling名言: 上帝無法無所不在，所以上帝創造了母親。   更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab 歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected] 商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected] Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K358: Fashion, fabrics and fishtails: Why we need to talk about what female classical performers wear   Discussing clothing is something of a taboo in classical music, for performers as much as critics. “Most musicians don’t feel like they can talk about it,” says Jocelyn Lightfoot, managing director of the London Chamber Orchestra. There is the entrenched idea that classical musicians are supposed to be heard and not seen. In this performance ideal, the performer’s personality — expressed through his or her choice of clothing — is excised, deferring to “the music itself”. 在古典音樂中，討論服裝是一種禁忌，對表演者和評論家來說都是如此。“大多數音樂家都不覺得他們可以談論它” 倫敦室內管絃樂團 （London Chamber Orchestra）董事總經理喬斯林·萊特富特（Jocelyn Lightfoot）說。有一種根深蒂固的觀念認為，古典音樂家應該是被聽到而不是被看到。在這種表演理念中，表演者的個性 - 通過他或她選擇的衣服來表達 – 都是被切除，完全源於“音樂本身”。 Those musicians who step outside the norm in their clothing choices have, accordingly, been subject to severe criticism. But at least part of the controversy surrounding artists like violinist Nigel Kennedy, with his jeans and spiky hair, is that they remind us that live music is a visual medium. We don’t just hear — we see musicians performing. 因此，那些在服裝選擇上超越常規的音樂家受到了嚴厲的批評。但是，圍繞著小提琴家奈傑爾·甘迺迪（Nigel Kennedy）等牛仔褲和尖頭髮的藝術家的爭議至少有一部分的人，他們提醒我們，現場音樂是一種視覺媒介。我們不只是聽到 - 我們也看到音樂家表演 For women, the stakes of their clothing choices are considerably higher because women are more frequently sexualized than their male counterparts. While Kennedy’s informal clothes were criticized by some as “ludicrous,” the furore around pianist Yuja Wang betrays this double standard. As much ink has been spilt over Wang’s hemlines as her playing – and with a couple of exceptions, commentary has focused on how “short and tight” her dresses are. 對於女性來說，她們選擇服裝的風險要高得多，因為女性比男性更頻繁地被性物化。雖然甘迺迪的非正式服裝被一些人批評為「荒謬可笑」，但圍繞鋼琴家王裕佳的憤怒暴露了這種雙重標準。就像她的演奏一樣，王的下擺也是有兩極看法——除了幾個例外，評論都集中在她的裙子有多“短而緊”。 The problem isn’t that critics are talking about Wang’s clothes. It’s that by viewing everything she wears through a sexualized lens, they’re presenting her as a sexual object first and an artist second. There is no room in this worldview for women’s clothes to be both an artistic and personal choice. Perhaps part of the issue is that fashion lies outside the traditional classical critic’s toolkit. 問題不在於批評者在談論王的衣服。而是通過性物化的鏡頭觀察她所穿的一切，他們首先將她呈現為性物件，其次是藝術家。在這種世界觀中，女性服裝既不能成為藝術選擇，也可以作為個人選擇。也許部分問題在於，時尚不在傳統古典音樂批評家的工具包之內。 The inability to talk about Wang’s clothing in a sensitive and respectful way reveals damaging and longstanding assumptions around women and their dress on the classical stage. The notion that what we see might “distract from” music, rather than shape our experience of it, stems from a centuries-old division of body and mind, physicality and rationality, that claims classical music as purely cerebral stuff. The body has no place here. And this idea is gendered. Rationality and the mind have historically been coded masculine, sensuality and the body feminine, with the result that women and their bodies have been marginalized within classical music. 無法以敏感和尊重的方式談論王的服裝，揭示了古典舞臺上圍繞女性及其著裝的破壞性和長期存在的假設。我們所看到的可能會“分散”對於音樂的注意力，而不是塑造我們對音樂的體驗，這種觀念源於幾個世紀以來對身體和思想，物理性和理性的劃分，它聲稱古典音樂是純粹的大腦的東西。身體在這裡沒有位置。這個想法是性別化的。理性和心靈歷來被編碼為男性化，性感和身體女性化，結果女性及其身體在古典音樂中被邊緣化。 The denial of Wang’s agency also feeds into racist stereotypes around the submissiveness and inexpressiveness of both women and classical musicians of Asian descent — stereotypes that Wang’s clothing choices actively disrupt. 對王的行為的否認也助長了圍繞亞裔女性和古典音樂家的順從和無表情的種族主義刻板印象——王的服裝選擇積極地打破了這些刻板印象。 We need to find ways of talking about women’s clothes that respect them as artistic choices, and integral to performance. Dress is becoming more important as questions around diversity and inclusion are pushed to the forefront of institutions’ agendas. The London Chamber Orchestra, for example, has recently removed the dress code for its players. Dispensing with the heavily gendered expectations of black tie is partly, Lightfoot says, to celebrate the individuality of the orchestra’s players and build an inclusive space for musicians whose “way of expressing themselves physically doesn’t fit with that classical music stereotype.” But it’s also to create a “mirror between the audience and orchestra,” reaching out to those “who don’t feel welcome in a concert hall.” 我們需要找到談論女性服裝的方法，尊重她們的藝術選擇，並且是表演不可或缺的一部分。隨著圍繞多樣性和包容性的問題被推到機構議程的最前沿，著裝變得越來越重要。例如，倫敦室內管絃樂團（London Chamber Orchestra）最近取消了對演奏者的著裝要求。萊特富特說，摒棄對黑色領帶的高度性別化的期望，部分原因是為了慶祝樂團演奏者的個性，併為那些“表達自己身體的方式不符合古典音樂刻板印象”的音樂家建立一個包容性的空間。但這也是為了在觀眾和管弦樂隊之間創造一面鏡子，向那些“在音樂廳里不受歡迎的人”伸出援手。 Moreover, social media has made classical music “so much more visual” says Maxine Kwok, a violinist in the London Symphony Orchestra. Orchestras and soloists alike are now attuned to the branding possibilities it offers, from sharing clips of concerts to photographs of rehearsals in jeans and jumpers. And this can, perhaps, be a way of making musicians more accessible. 此外，社交媒體使古典音樂“更加直觀”，倫敦交響樂團的小提琴家Maxine Kwok說。管弦樂隊和獨奏家現在都適應了它提供的品牌可能性，從分享音樂會的剪輯到穿著牛仔褲和毛衣排練的照片。這也許可以成為使音樂家更容易接近的一種方式。 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K357: About India - India’s Harnaaz Sandhu is crowned Miss Universe 2021   Harnaaz Sandhu of India was crowned Miss Universe 2021 on Sunday, marking the end of a controversial pageant hosted in southern Israel. 印度的哈娜茲‧桑德胡週日加冕成為2021年環球小姐，為這場在以色列南部舉行且爭議不斷的選美比賽劃下句點。 The pageant was held in the resort city of Eilat, with 80 women from around the world competing for the crown. Sunday night was the last day of the competition, with eliminations narrowing down the number of finalists until the last two remained. 這場選美賽在以國度假城市埃拉特舉行，有來自世界各地的80位佳麗爭奪后冠。週日晚間是比賽最後一天，決賽人數一路縮減至最後只剩下2人。 Nadia Ferreira of Paraguay and Lalela Mswane of South Africa were the first and second runners-up, respectively. 巴拉圭的娜蒂亞‧費瑞拉與南非的拉蕾拉‧恩史旺分別為亞軍與季軍。 The South African government withdrew its support and called on Mswane to drop out, citing Israeli treatment of Palestinians, calling it "apartheid," a charge Israel has vehemently denied. 南非政府曾撤回對這場選美賽的支持，並呼籲恩史旺退賽，理由是以色列對待巴勒斯坦人的方式有如「種族隔離」，但以國政府怒駁該指控。   Next Article   Elephants in India enjoy fruit feast ahead of World Elephant Day 印度大象在「世界大象日」前享用水果大餐   After an evening walk under overcast skies with rains not far away, elephants rescued from circuses and temples in India are treated to a feast of their favorite fruits and vegetables to celebrate World Elephant Day, which falls on Aug. 12. 在某一個烏雲密布、雨勢逼近的晚上步行之後，從馬戲團和寺廟中獲救的印度大象，被請吃一頓牠們最愛的蔬果大餐，慶祝8月12日的「世界大象日」。 A lavish spread of watermelons, bananas, papayas and pumpkins is laid out for the Asian elephants at a sanctuary near the banks of the Yamuna River. 大量的西瓜、香蕉、木瓜和南瓜被放置在這些亞洲象面前，地點位於靠近亞穆納河河堤的一處庇護所。 Most of the 28 elephants at the center suffer from chronic illness and various ailments ranging from abscesses, cataracts, blindness and joint pain, the result of years of abuse in captivity. 該庇護所的28頭大象中，大部分都有慢性疾病和各種病痛，包括膿瘡、白內障、失明和關節疼痛，那是長年被囚禁的後果。 The number of wild Asiatic elephants, primarily found in India and parts of South and Southeast Asia, has fallen to under 50,000, just 15% of its historic average, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature. 根據世界自然基金會，主要生活在印度、部分南亞和東南亞地區的亞洲象，數量已降至5萬頭以下，僅歷史平均數量的15％。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1501152 ; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1467645 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: Woman cut rope holding painters 26 floors high A resident of a high-rise condominium in Thailand cut the support rope for two painters, apparently angry she wasn’t told they would be doing work, and left them hanging above the 26th floor. 泰國一棟高層公寓大廈的一名住戶，剪斷2名外牆油漆工的支撐繩索，讓他們懸吊在26樓高，顯然是對未被告知施工一事動怒。 The woman is facing attempted murder and property destruction charges, and could face a prison term up to 20 years. 該名女性住戶面臨蓄意謀殺和財物毀損罪名，可能被判囚20年。 One of the painters, a Myanmar national named Song, told the Thai media that he and his friends had lowered themselves from the 32nd floor to repair a crack on the building. 其中一名緬甸籍宋姓油漆工向泰國媒體表示，他和朋友從32樓垂降，準備修復大廈的裂痕。 When he reached the 30th floor, he felt that the rope was heavier and when he looked down, he saw someone on the 21st floor open a window and cut his rope. He tried asking for help from other units, but nobody was in. The third colleague continued to support them from the top floor until a couple rescued them. 到達30樓外後，他感到繩索變重，往下竟看到有人從21樓打開窗戶剪斷繩索。他試著向其他住戶求救，但沒人在家，第3名同事則持續從頂樓支撐著他們，直到一對夫婦救了他們。   Next Article   Thai chain’s cannabis pizza: trendy but won’t get you high 泰國連鎖餐廳的大麻披薩：夠時髦卻不會讓人飄飄然 One of Thailand’s major fast food chains The Pizza Company has introduced "Crazy Happy Pizza", an under-the-radar product topped with a cannabis leaf. It’s legal but won’t get you high. 泰國大型連鎖餐廳之一「披薩公司」推出一款擺上一片大麻葉的低調新品「極樂披薩」，這是合法的產品，並不會讓人飄飄欲仙。 "It’s just a marketing campaign. And you can taste the cannabis and then if you have enough, you may get a bit sleepy," said the general manager. 餐廳總經理說：「這只是行銷方式，可以讓人品嚐大麻，只是如果吃太飽，可能會有點想睡覺。」 The Crazy Happy Pizza is a mashup of toppings evoking the flavors of Thailand’s famous Tom Yum Gai soup along with a deep-fried cannabis leaf on top. Cannabis is also infused into the cheese crust and there’s chopped cannabis in the dipping sauce. A 9-inch pie costs only 499 baht. 「極樂披薩」混搭各種食材，使人聯想到泰國著名的酸辣蝦湯，上頭再放上一片酥炸的大麻葉。不僅起司餅皮填入大麻，沾醬也加入碎葉片。一塊9吋披薩僅售499泰銖（約463台幣）。 Thailand became the first country in Southeast Asia to remove specific parts and extracts of cannabis from its controlled narcotics list in December 2020, and later allowed them to be used in foods and beverages. 泰國在2020年12月成為首個將大麻特定部位和萃取物移出致幻毒品的東南亞國家，之後更允許在菜品或飲料中使用大麻。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1499658 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1503512   Next Article   Topic: Parched fields force Thailand to look beyond rice Thailand has long served as one of the globe’s main rice bowls, but chronic water shortages are pushing the country to move away from a grain that dominates its fields and has defined a way of life for generations. 泰國向來是全球稻米主要供應國之一，但長期缺水讓這個國家無法再固守單一作物，必須為往後的世代定義新的生存方式。 Laddawan has spent the past forty years coaxing rice from her plot in central Thailand, but she is tired of watching her farmland squeezed dry by increasingly severe droughts. 過去40年來，拉德旺一直在泰國中部的自家土地上細心照料水稻，但嚴重的旱災持續蹂躪這片土地，此情此景已讓她感到厭倦。 "I plan to replace some rice paddies with limes," she told AFP after attending a government-run workshop urging farmers to diversify their crops. 在參加完一場由政府舉辦、鼓勵農夫種植不同作物的農作坊後，她告訴法新社記者：「我打算不種稻米，改種萊姆了。」 At a workshop held in Nonthaburi province near Bangkok, Laddawan was sold the seeds fruit trees. 拉德旺在曼谷附近暖武里省的一場農作坊上買到果樹種籽。 These alternatives will drastically reduce water consumption but also break the monoculture that has deteriorated Thai soil for decades. 這些替代方案將大幅縮減用水量，也將打破數十年來造成泰國土質惡化的單一作物栽培模式。 "We have no choice, we need to adapt," Laddawan said, explaining that she used to plant three rice crops annually, but next year will only have enough water for one. 拉德旺表示，她過去每年種植3次水稻，但水資源只夠在明年種1次，「我們沒有選擇，只能改變。」   Next Article   Topic: Thai hotel brews up coffee from elephant dung 泰國酒店從象糞中煮出咖啡 For those who like their coffee with a strong nose Thailand could be the ideal destination, after a blend made from elephant dung was put on sale by an upmarket hotel chain. 泰國一家高檔連鎖酒店販售象糞製作的咖啡後，對喜愛濃咖啡的人來說，泰國可能是個理想去處。 The Black Ivory blend, made from coffee beans digested and excreted by Thai elephants, is billed as producing a particularly smooth cup. 這種「黑色象牙」咖啡，是由泰國大象消化並排泄出來的咖啡豆製成，號稱味道特別溫和。 But it is not cheap, with Anantara Hotels saying the "naturally refined" coffee costs a staggering $1,100 per kilogram -- making it one of the most expensive blends in the world. 但象糞咖啡所費不貲，安娜塔拉酒店表示，這種「天然精釀」的咖啡豆每公斤要價讓人咋舌的1100美元，是世界最貴的咖啡之一。 "Research indicates that during digestion, the enzymes of the elephant break down coffee protein," the Thai-based hotel group said in a statement. 這家泰國酒店集團在聲明中說：「研究指出，在消化過程中，大象體內的酵素會分解咖啡豆裡的蛋白質。」   Next Article   Topic: The Price of Recycling Old Laptops: Toxic Fumes in Thailand’s Lungs 婦女們蹲伏在一間燈光昏暗的工廠的地上，整理被現代世界棄置的一些內容物：電池、電路板和成綑的電線。 Crouched on the ground in a dimly lit factory, women picked through the discarded innards of the modern world: batteries, circuit boards and bundles of wires. 她們或者用鐵鎚，或者徒手，拆解這些被稱作有害電子廢棄物或電子垃圾的廢品，再由男性工人鏟進一台鏗鏘作響的機器，以回收有用的金屬。有些男工用碎布包住臉來隔擋煙塵。 They broke down the scrap — known as hazardous electronic-waste, or e-waste — with hammers and raw hands. Men, some with faces wrapped in rags to repel the fumes, shoveled the refuse into a clanking machine that salvages usable metal. 當他們賣力工作之時，煙霧飄散至鄰近的村莊和工廠，居民對煙霧中有什麼物質一無所知—塑膠？金屬？誰知道！他們只知道聞起來很臭，讓人惡心。 As they toiled, smoke spewed over nearby villages and farms. Residents have no idea what is in the smoke — plastic, metal, who knows? All they know is that it stinks and they feel sick. 這間名為「新天空金屬」的工廠，是東南亞正蓬勃發展的電子垃圾業的一部分，是在中國大陸決定停止接收毒害其土地人民的全球電子垃圾後，應運而生。泰國特別成為這項產業的中心，過程中社運人士大力阻擋，政府則在公共安全與可觀的收益之間謀取平衡。 The factory, New Sky Metal, is part of a thriving e-waste industry across Southeast Asia, born of China’s decision to stop accepting the world’s electronic refuse, which was poisoning its land and people. Thailand in particular has become a center of the industry even as activists push back and its government wrestles to balance competing interests of public safety with the profits to be made from the lucrative trade. 去年泰國禁止外國電子垃圾進口，然而環境監控人員和產業專家說，新工廠仍然在國內各地開設，處理成噸的電子垃圾。 Last year, Thailand banned the import of foreign e-waste. Yet new factories are opening across the country, and tons of e-waste are being processed, environmental monitors and industry experts said. 「電子垃圾必須有去處。」以反對將垃圾傾倒至窮國為訴求的「巴塞爾行動網路」執行長吉姆．帕其特說，「中國就是把整個作業搬到東南亞。」 “E-waste has to go somewhere,” said Jim Puckett, executive director of the Basel Action Network, which campaigns against trash dumping in poor countries, “and the Chinese are simply moving their entire operations to Southeast Asia.” 他說：「賺錢的唯一方法，是用便宜、非法的勞力處理極為龐大的數量，而且大肆汙染環境。」 “The only way to make money is to get huge volume with cheap, illegal labor and pollute the hell out of the environment,” he added. 根據聯合國的統計，全球每年製造出5000萬噸電子垃圾，消費者習慣了丟掉前一年的機型，入手新款式。 回收這些小電器的觀念聽起來道德高尚：科技便利的無限循環。 Each year, 50 million tons of e-waste are produced globally, according to the United Nations, as consumers grow accustomed to throwing away last year’s model and acquiring the next new thing.The notion of recycling these gadgets sounds virtuous: an infinite loop of technological utility. 但是，從廢棄的手機、電腦和電視中採集微量的金銀銅之類貴金屬，其實是骯髒且危險的工作。 But it is dirty and dangerous work to extract the tiny quantities of precious metals — like gold, silver and copper — from castoff phones, computers and televisions. 曾經有許多年，中國大陸大量接收世界各地的電子廢棄物。然後在2018年，北京對外來電子垃圾關閉了大門。泰國和其他東南亞國家看到了機會，因為它們環境法律執行寬鬆，勞動力剝削容易，而且商界和政府間關係緊密。 For years, China took in much of the world’s electronic refuse. Then in 2018, Beijing closed its borders to foreign e-waste. Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia — with their lax enforcement of environmental laws, easily exploited labor force and cozy nexus between business and government — saw an opportunity. 「每一片電路板和每一條電線都能讓你賺不少錢，特別是毋須考慮環境或勞工時。」環境監督組織「泰國生態警示復甦」領導人潘重．沙也譚說。 “Every circuit and every cable is very lucrative, especially if there is no concern for the environment or for workers,” said Penchom Saetang, head of Ecological Alert and Recovery Thailand, an environmental watchdog. Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/349813/web/   Powered by Firstory Hosting

主題: 常混肴的日常動詞 Sit / Set / Seat   To Sit It describes an action undertaken by the subject of a clause. The verb “to sit” does not express the kind of action that can be DONE TO anything.   Example sentences: I SIT here every day. (She SITS here.) I SAT here yesterday. I WILL SIT here tomorrow. I AM SITTING here right now. I HAVE SAT here every day for years.   To Set It describes an action and requires a direct object because it describes the kind of action that is DONE TO something.   Example sentences: I SET my book on the table every night before turning out the light. (She SETS her book on the table.) I SET my book on the table last night. I WILL SET my book on the table tonight. I AM SETTING my book on the table right now. I HAVE SET my book on the table every night for years.   To Seat Keep in mind that when we talk about placing our guests in their chairs for, say, a dinner party, we are seating them, not setting them.   Example Sentences: Today I SEAT my guests. Yesterday I SEATED my guests. I WILL SEAT my guests. I AM SEATING my guests. I HAVE SEATED my guests.   小小測驗 Quiz Time Which of the following sentences are right / wrong? 那個句子用對/錯字 ? Yesterday Suki sat in her office all afternoon completing the annual report. When she finished, she sat the report on her boss’s desk. Marcellus sits his books on the hall table every afternoon after school. Before Mr. Jones left for the meeting, we set down with him and reviewed the agenda. We were dismayed when the host sat us near the drafty exit door. Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K348: About dogs - In Peru, dogs ’marry’ on Valentine’s Day   Cynthia Ceballos’ celebration of Valentine’s Day in Peru’s capital Lima was not about her own love life: it was about the marriage of two of her small fluffy white dogs. 辛希雅．塞巴洛斯在秘魯首都利馬的情人節慶祝活動與她自己的愛情生活無關：而是她的兩隻毛茸茸的小白狗結為連理。 Dressed in Andean-inspired clothing, Ceballos’ dogs were the winners of Lima’s MatriCan - a play on the Spanish words for "wedding" and "dog" - a local competition that celebrates Valentine’s Day by dressing dogs as if they were about to get married. 穿著安地斯衣著，塞巴洛斯的狗兒是利馬的MatriCan比賽贏家，MatriCan是西班牙文「婚禮」和「狗」的雙關語。這場慶祝情人節的地方競賽是以彷彿狗兒就要結婚的方式來打扮狗兒。 Mass weddings are common in Peru, especially on Valentine’s Day. It is a way for Peruvians who cannot afford a wedding of their own to celebrate and also ensure their union is legally recognized. Mass dog weddings are just a twist on the tradition. 集體婚禮在秘魯很常見，特別是在情人節。它是負擔不起自己婚禮的秘魯人慶祝的一種方式，同時確保他們的結合受到法律承認。集體狗兒婚禮只是這個傳統的一個轉折。 The owners helped their dogs sign their marriage papers, by lifting their paws and pressing them on paper. In the end, the dogs and the owners all took a picture together. 飼主透過舉起狗兒爪子並按在紙上的方式，協助牠們簽署結婚證書。最後，狗兒和飼主們全部一起合照。   Next Article   Astrology helps dogs find new owners 星座幫助狗狗找到新主人   Wags and Walks adoption center, an animal shelter in Los Angeles, teamed up with website building company Squarespace to create the website wagsandwalksfoster.com, which shows dogs and their star signs to help get better foster matches. 洛杉磯一家動物庇護所「維格斯及沃克斯領養中心」，與網站架設公司「Squarespace」合作創建網站wagsandwalksfoster.com，在上頭展示狗狗及牠們的星座，以尋求更速配的主人。 "Compatibility is a huge factor when it comes to pairing a pet with a foster owner and what better way to showcase compatibility than with astrological signs?" said Ashley Camale, head of consumer, product and international communications at Squarespace Inc. Squarespace的客戶、產品及國際通訊主任艾希莉‧卡梅爾說：「配對寵物和領養主人時，彼此的匹配度是重大考量，還有什麼比星座更能展現匹配度？」 Workers at Wags and Walks keep records of personality traits and likes and dislikes of each dog in their care. 「維格斯及沃克斯」員工會在照料每一隻狗狗時，記錄牠們的性格特質、喜歡及不喜歡的東西。 Ariana Howell, the center’s volunteer coordinator, said, "Though for the most part we don’t know their actual birthdays, we assign them a star sign based on their personalities as we get to know them." 該中心的志工協調員亞莉安娜‧霍威爾說：「雖然大部分情況是，我們不知道牠們真正的生日，但我們還是會在了解牠們的過程中，依據性格特質為牠們選定一個星座。」 Since the website launched in mid-October, foster applications submitted to the shelter have increased by 20 percent. 網站10月中旬上線後，提出領養申請的數量增加20％。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1501581 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1504874 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K355: Wanted in France: Thousands of Workers as Hotels and Restaurants Reopen   For six months, Christophe Thiriet has waited for France’s grinding national lockdowns to be lifted so he can reopen his company’s restaurants and hotels in a picturesque corner of eastern France and recall the 150 employees who were furloughed months ago. 六個月來，克里斯多弗．提希耶一直等待折磨人的法國全國封城解除，好讓公司設在如詩如畫的法國東部的餐廳和飯店能重新開張，並召回數個月前放無薪假的一百五十位員工。 But when he asked them to return for a reopening in mid-May, he faced an unexpected headache: At least 30 said they wouldn’t be coming back, leaving him scrambling to hire new workers just as he needed to swing into action. 但是當他要求他們於五月中旬重新開業時復職，卻面臨意料之外的頭痛狀況：至少三十人說他們不會回來，讓他在需要積極展開行動之際急著雇請新員工。 “When you close things for so long, people think twice about whether they want to stay,” said Thiriet, a co-manager of the Heintz Group. 「當你關店太久，人們會三思是否要留下。」海因茲集團共同經理人提希耶說。 Restaurants and hotels across the country are facing the same problem. After months on furlough, workers in droves are deciding not to return to jobs in the hospitality industry. 全國各地的餐廳和飯店正面臨相同問題。在數個月的無薪假後，成群的勞工決定不返回在餐旅業的工作。 A shortfall of perhaps as many as 100,000 restaurant and hotel workers is especially troubling, because hundreds of thousands of people are looking for work after France’s worst recession in decades. Employers say it is becoming harder to lure job seekers to an industry whose future is more or less tethered to the vagaries of the coronavirus and the uncertainty of vaccine campaigns. 餐廳和飯店工作者的短缺可能多達十萬人，這一點格外令人憂慮，因為在法國經歷數十年來最嚴重的經濟衰退後，此際有數十萬人正在找工作。雇主說，這個產業未來或多或少受制於新冠病毒的變化莫測，以及疫苗推廣的不確定性，要吸引求職者變得更困難。 The missing manpower conundrum has emerged as thousands of hotels and restaurants that survived the crisis pivot toward trying to make up for an 80% plunge in business since last spring. The COVID-19 lockdowns have cost France’s tourism industry, a cornerstone of the economy, more than 60 billion euros in lost revenue since last year. 正當數千家飯店餐廳熬過危機存活下來，力圖補回自去年春季以來暴跌百分之八十的業績之際，人力流失的難題卻浮現了。新冠病毒封城已讓作為法國經濟一大基石的旅遊產業付出巨大代價，自去年以來營收損失超過六百億歐元。 “We know we’re going to have customers again this summer — that’s not the problem,” said Yann France, the owner of La Flambée, a restaurant in the popular northern seaside city of Deauville. “The concern is that we won’t have an adequate workforce at a time when we need to make up for a huge loss in sales.” 「我們知道今年夏天我們會再度有顧客上門，這不是問題。」北方熱點海濱城市多維爾「火焰餐廳」的老闆揚恩．方瑟說，「重點是，當我們需要在銷售上彌補巨大損失的時刻，卻沒有足夠人力。」 Some say the problem may not be so stark, since international visitors aren’t yet flocking back to France, and job seekers, including students who need work to help make ends meet, could eventually fill any shortfall. 有些人說這問題也許沒那麼嚴重，因為國際遊客還沒大舉回流到法國，而包括需要打工賺錢的學生在內的求職者，最終會補足所有缺口。 But others say the precariousness of the businesses is the broader question. 不過也有人說，這行業前途不穩靠才是更大的問題。 “The bigger issue is the uncertainty over the industry’s future,” said Thierry Gregoire, the owner of NT Hotel Gallery group, which owns five hotels and three restaurants around Toulouse. “Will things stay open, or could there be another shutdown because of a new virus?” 「更大的問題是這個產業未來的不確定性。」在土魯斯擁有五間飯店和三間餐廳的NT Hotel Gallery集團老闆泰希．葛黑卦說，「開放狀態能否就此維持，或是又有隨新病毒而來的另一次封城？」Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5460885 Powered by Firstory Hosting

新的一季Vocab，我們會每週週三準時上架，讓大家收聽全英時事討論，吸收主題相關詞彙用語以及觀點~ 也開放聽眾來信或投稿主題喔！   Summary:   Angel and I talk about the sakura-gazing season that is just around the corner. For the travel enthusiasts, travelling to Japan is out of the question during the pandemic, but what are our alternatives? Where can we go in Taiwan for sakura-gazing? Come and write to us!   Taiwan sakura-gazing guide: https://taiwan-scene.com/the-best-places-to-see-cherry-blossoms-in-taiwan/ Taiwan cherry blossom-gazing guide: https://luomujie.blogspot.com/2019/01/Taiwan-cherry-blossom-season-when-where-how-to-go-tips-and-tricks.html   Vocabulary: Sakura gazing 賞櫻花 My friends love to go sakura gazing in spring. 我的朋友在春天時很愛去賞櫻。 Plum blossoms 梅花開 You can only see plum blossoms in winter. 你只能在冬天看到梅花開。 Secret location 秘密地點 Every summer, my family would go to a secret location near Fulong to enjoy the beach in private. 每個夏天我們家都會去福隆附近的秘密海灘地點。   更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab 歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected] 商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected]   Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K354: How the Wealthy World Has Failed Poor Countries During the Pandemic   Like much of the developing world, Pakistan was alarmingly short of doctors and medical facilities long before anyone had heard of COVID-19. Then the pandemic overwhelmed hospitals, forcing some to turn away patients. As fear upended daily life, families lost livelihoods and struggled to feed themselves. 跟許多開發中國家一樣，早在人們聽聞新冠病毒一詞以前，巴基斯坦就極其缺乏醫生和醫療設施。然後，這場大流行疾情讓各醫院無力招架，迫使部分醫院拒絕收治病人。隨著恐懼顛覆了日常生活，一個個家庭失去了生計，為養活自己而掙扎。 On the other side of the world in Washington, two deep-pocketed organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, vowed to spare poor countries from desperation. Their economists warned that immense relief was required to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe and profound damage to global prosperity. Emerging markets make up 60% of the world economy, by one IMF measure. A blow to their fortunes inflicts pain around the planet. 在世界另一頭的華盛頓，世界銀行和國際貨幣基金這兩個財力雄厚的組織誓言不讓貧窮國家陷入絕境。他們的經濟學家警告說，必須大力進行救濟，以防止人道災難和對全球繁榮的嚴重破壞。根據國際貨幣基金的一項衡量指標，新興市場占全球經濟60%。他們的財富遭受打擊，將給全球帶來痛苦。 Wages sent home to poor countries by migrant workers — a vital artery of finance — have diminished. The shutdown of tourism has punished many developing countries. So has plunging demand for oil. Billions of people have lost the wherewithal to buy food, increasing malnutrition. By next year, the pandemic could push 150 million people into extreme poverty, the World Bank has warned, in the first increase in more than two decades. 移工寄回窮國的薪水是這些國家經濟的命脈，如今已經減少。旅遊業的關閉使許多開發中國家受到重創。對石油的需求大幅下降，同樣極具殺傷力。數十億人失去購買食物的必要資金，營養不良加劇。世界銀行警告說，這場大流行疾情到明年恐將讓1.5億人陷入赤貧，是20多年來首度增加。 But the World Bank and IMF have failed to translate their concern into meaningful support, economists say. That has left less-affluent countries struggling with limited resources and untenable debts, prompting their governments to reduce spending just as it is needed to bolster health care systems and aid people suffering lost income. 而經濟學家們說，世界銀行和國際貨幣基金並未將自身的關切轉化為有意義的支持。這讓一些較不富裕國家在有限的資源與難以支應的債務中苦苦掙扎，迫使這些國家反而在必須加強醫療體系、救助收入減少的民眾之際，縮減支出。 “A lost decade of growth in large parts of the world remains a plausible prospect absent urgent, concerted and sustained policy response,” concluded a recent report from the Group of 30, a gathering of international finance experts, including Lawrence Summers, a former economic adviser to President Barack Obama, and Treasury secretary in the Clinton administration. 由曾任歐巴馬總統經濟顧問、柯林頓政府財政部長的桑默斯等國際金融專家組成的30人小組，最近在一份報告中總結道：「若無緊急、協調一致與持續的政策回應，世界大部分地區出現經濟空轉無成長的十年，仍是看來很可能的前景。」 The wealthiest nations have been cushioned by extraordinary surges of credit unleashed by central banks and government spending collectively estimated at more than $8 trillion. Developing countries have yet to receive help on such a scale. 那些最富裕的國家因有央行釋放巨額信貸，佐以政府的支出而獲得緩衝，總額合計逾8兆美元，開發中國家則未獲如此大規模的援助。 The IMF and World Bank have marshaled a relatively anemic response, in part because of the predilections of their largest shareholder, the United States. 國際貨幣基金與世界銀行做出的反應相對無力，部分原因是順應最大股東美國的意思。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5015842 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K353: About Canada - Quebec unlocks world’s only maple syrup strategic reserve   Quebec Maple Syrup Producers（QMSP）is releasing more than half of the world’s only strategic reserve of 45 million kg of maple syrup to keep up with soaring demand - avoiding a sticky situation for pancake lovers. 魁北克楓糖漿商會（QMSP）正釋出全球僅有的4500萬公斤楓糖漿戰略儲備的逾半儲量，以滿足高漲的需求，避免鬆餅迷無楓糖可吃。 Sales of maple syrup have climbed since the pandemic spread in 2019 and led to more people eating at home. Adding to the syrup squeeze, Quebec’s harvest in 2020 was the smallest in three years due to unusually warm weather. 自2019年疫情蔓延、導致人們更常在家吃飯以來，楓糖漿銷量一飛衝天。由於不尋常的溫暖氣候影響，魁北克省2020年的收成量創下3年新低，也使楓糖漿更加缺貨。 The Global Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve spans 24,805 square meters, the equivalent of five football fields, securing syrup in sterilized 170-liter barrels. 「全球策略性楓糖漿保留計畫」的儲備廠佔地2萬4805平方公尺，相當於5座足球場，楓糖漿則密封在170公升的滅菌桶中。 QMSP is also approving 7 million new taps during the next three years, a 14% increase, to bolster production. QMSP也同意在3年內增採700萬棵楓樹，約增加14％，以提升楓糖漿生產量。   Next Article   To keep coronavirus out, Canada’s smallest province kept the rest of the country away 為了不讓新冠病毒進入 加拿大最小省分與全國其他地方保持距離   In the winter months, when icy conditions keep most people from traveling by sea, there are only two ways to enter Prince Edward Island: by plane or an eight-mile bridge. 在（因海面）冰凍以致大多數人無法搭船（上島）的冬季月份，只有兩種方式可以進入愛德華王子島：搭機或（開車走）8英里長的橋。 When the novel coronavirus started spreading around the world early this year, Canada’s smallest province, off the country’s eastern coast north of Nova Scotia, found itself at a geographical advantage. The island’s remoteness, paired with an aggressive isolation campaign that restricted nonessential travel and enforced two-week quarantines for those arriving in the province, paid dividends. 當今年稍早新冠病毒開始蔓延全球之際，這個位於加拿大東岸外海、新斯科舍省以北的加國最小省分，發現自己享有地理上的優勢。該島的偏僻性，再加上限制非必要旅遊以及蒞臨該省者強制檢疫2週的激進隔離活動，獲致良好效果。 By late April, as death counts were ticking upward in other parts of Canada and soaring in the United States, the province had confirmed just 27 cases of the virus — all of them linked to off-island travel. None of those patients was hospitalized, and no one died. 到了4月底，當加拿大其他地區的死亡人數向上攀升，美國的死亡人數也一飛沖天之際，該省只有27起新冠病毒確診病例─所有病例都與島外差旅有關。這些患者中無人住院，也無人死亡。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1506234 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1388474 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: Newspapers in New York, Like Their Readers, Are Vanishing   Kenny Hospot is in some ways a typical reader of The Daily News. He’s a construction worker from Queens who’s lived in the city most of his life. He always liked reading the comics and the horoscope in The News. 就某些方面而言，肯尼．霍斯帕堪稱每日新聞報的典型讀者。他是紐約市皇后區的一個建築工人，這一生大多數時間都住在這個城市。他一向愛看該報的漫畫和星座運勢。 How long since he last bought a copy of the paper? Hospot laughed. “I would say like 15 years.” 他上一次買這份報紙是多久之前？霍斯帕笑了，「我看大概有15年了吧。」 Kamel Brown is another archetypal customer for New York’s Hometown Newspaper, as The Daily News styles itself. He’s a maintenance worker for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. He’s 55 years old. He grew up buying the paper for his grandmother in Brooklyn. “When she was finished reading it, I’d pick it up, flip back and start with the sports,” Brown said. 對於自我定位為紐約家鄉報紙的每日新聞報，凱默．布朗是另一種典型讀者。他是都市交通局的維修工人，55歲。他在布魯克林區的成長過程中，常幫祖母買這份報紙。布朗說：「她看完後，我會拿過來，翻回去，從運動版開始看。」 He doesn’t remember the last time he bought it. When he paged through a copy at a friend’s home this past week, he was unimpressed. 他不記得上次買這份報紙是何時。過去這一周的某日他在友人家翻閱一分報紙時，很無感。 Tristan Dominguez, on the other hand, is still a big Daily News fan. “It’s the only place you see anything local,” Dominguez said at a bodega in Washington Heights, where a stack of papers sat behind the counter. 另一方面，崔斯坦．多明奎茲仍是新聞報的大粉絲。「這是你唯一能看到在地新聞的地方。」多明奎茲在華盛頓高地的一家雜貨店內說，櫃檯後方有一大疊報紙。 He reads the paper mostly online and through Twitter. 他大多數是上網或透過推特看這份報紙。 All of this helps explain why there was an air of inevitability about the news Monday that the organization was laying off half its editorial staff. 這些例子亦可說明，當這家報社決定資遣編輯部一半員工的消息周一（7月23日）傳出時，為何外界會覺得此事似難避免。 Once upon a time, The Daily News sold more than 2 million papers a day. Now its circulation is only about a tenth of that, and the paper’s non-hometown owner, the Chicago-based media company Tronc, which bought the paper in 2017, does not have the patience for non-profitability that the prior owner, Mort Zuckerman, did. 每日新聞報曾經一天賣出200萬分以上，現在發行量大約只剩十分之一。這家報社的非在地老闆、芝加哥的媒體公司Tronc，2017年買下每日新聞報，對於它未能獲利，並沒有前任老闆莫特．札克曼那般的耐性。 At a cultural moment when the very idea of New York City as a hometown is quickly dissolving, and when most people get their news from some sort of glowing screen, the thirst for local ink is not what it used to be. 在當下這個文化時刻，將紐約市當作家鄉的想法正在快速瓦解，而且大多數人是從某種閃爍的螢幕獲得新聞，對於在地新聞文字報導的渴求已不如以往。 And those who do crave hard-hitting coverage that holds officials accountable for the state of the city were not pleased to hear about the layoffs. 對於那些渴望看到逼官員為城市現況負起責任的強烈抨擊報導的人，聽到前述資遣消息並非樂事。 “You need those old-school people because they know what they’re doing,” Rosanne Nunziata, a manager at the New Apollo Diner in downtown Brooklyn, said of The Daily News’ staff of veteran shoe-leather reporters, many of whom are now pounding the pavement in search of employment. “They know how to sneak in and get their stories, and know how to get witnesses to talk and do their thing.” 布魯克林鬧區「新阿波羅餐館」經理羅珊娜．努齊亞塔說：「你需要這些老派人士，因為他們知道自己在做什麼。」她指的是新聞報本分且資深的記者，這些人中有不少正在路上奔走著找工作。「他們知道如何潛入並取得新聞，也知道如何讓目擊者開口，做好他們的工作。」 The New York Post, The Daily News’ longtime rival for tabloid dominance, has seen its circulation plummet, too. Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corp. owns The Post, has long tolerated the paper’s unprofitability, but there may come a time when his successors have far less stomach for red ink. 每日新聞報的長期對手，爭奪八卦小報霸主地位的紐約郵報，發行量也持續大跌。擁有紐約郵報的新聞集團老闆魯柏．梅鐸，長期容忍這家報紙未能獲利。但是也許有一天，他的接班人對赤字的容忍度會小得多。 Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/330084/web/   Next Article   Topic: Dumplings tempt New Yorkers with pizza, peanut butter flavors - and no human contact New Yorkers can now get their dumpling fix from an automat with no human contact, and the adventurous can order flavors ranging from pepperoni pizza to peanut butter and jelly. 紐約客現在可由一套不需要與人接觸的自動販賣機為他們料理餃子，喜歡嘗試新鮮的人可從義式臘腸披薩到花生醬、果醬等口味中選購。 While the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop in the city’s East Village offers traditional pork and chicken bite-sized treats, chicken parm or Philly cheesesteak are also on the menu. 位於這座城市東村的布魯克林餃子店，提供一口大小的傳統豬肉、雞肉餡點心，菜單上也有焗烤雞肉，或是費城牛肉起司三明治。 Spurred by the pandemic and technology advances, the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop is delivering food via automat 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 在這場疫情以及科技進步的帶動下，布魯克林餃子店正透過自動販賣機，全年無休24小時出餐。 "Embrace technology, because technology is something that has to be embraced by hospitality（business）to thrive," said the shop’s owner Stratis Morfogen. 「擁抱科技，因為餐旅（業）要蒸蒸日上，就得擁抱科技」，店老闆史特拉狄斯．摩佛根說。   Next Article   Topic: New York lawmakers pass bill allowing gender-neutral "X" option in govt documents 紐約州議員通過法案 允許政府文件中可選擇中立性別「X」   The New York state assembly has passed a bill that would allow people who do not identify as either male or female to use "X" as a marker to designate their sex on drivers’ licenses. 紐約州議會通過一項法案，允許認為自己既不是男性也不是女性的民眾，在駕照上標記其性別為X。 The new marker would help transgender, nonbinary and intersex individuals’ identity be recognized in government documents, according to a statement from Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie and Assembly member Daniel O’Donnell. 根據州眾議院議長希斯堤和州眾議員歐唐納發出的聲明，這項新註記會有助於跨性別、非二元性別和雙性人的性別認同，獲得政府文件承認。 "The provisions in this bill will make life safer, reduce the stigma and affirm the identities for so many of our friends and neighbors," O’Donnell said in the statement. 歐唐納在聲明中說，「這項法案中的該項條文，將讓人生活更安全，減少污名，並且確認我們廣大鄉親朋友的身分認同。」   Next Article   Topic: Looking Back on 100 Years of New York City Drinking Culture, From Gritty to Elegant   The history of drinking in America goes straight through the heart of New York. As with so many aspects of the city, that history has run from gritty to stylish and back again. 美國的飲酒歷史直接穿越紐約的心臟，就像這座城市的許多方面一樣，這段歷史經歷了從粗獷到風雅，再回到當初的過程。 For generations, taverns and saloons were largely places for men to gather, drink, gamble and chew tobacco. Those places could be discerning, as with Fraunces Tavern, a still-existent bar patronized in the 18th century by the likes of George Washington and his soldiers, or more suited to the average Joe, like McSorley’s Old Ale House, which opened in the mid-19th century and, until 1970, admitted only men. 數世代以來，酒館和酒吧大多是男人聚集、喝酒、賭博與嚼菸草的地方。這些地方可能是比較有品味的，像是18世紀喬治華盛頓和他旗下軍人經常光顧、至今依然存在的弗朗西斯酒館，也可能是更適合一般人的，像是19世紀中葉開業，且在1970年前只接待男性的麥克索利酒吧。 By the time McSorley’s had opened, many American bartenders had made a a of inventing what we now think of as craft cocktails. The atmosphere at these locales was often hostile and crude.Prohibition changed all that. The idea of bars as hospitable, welcoming spaces gained traction when liquor sales became illegal. 當麥克索利開業時，許多美國酒保已具備發明現今所謂精調雞尾酒的專長。這些地方的氣氛常常是不友善而且粗魯的。 With the advent of speak-easies, owners and bartenders suddenly had a new clientele: women. The social appeal of speak-easies pulled them into new and vibrant communal spaces. Alongside the new customers came bar stools, live jazz and a new breed of cocktails. 禁酒令改變了這一切。當賣酒變成非法時，酒吧是個好客、歡迎人的場所的想法才流行起來。隨著地下酒吧的出現，業主和酒保突然有了一個新的客群：婦女。地下酒吧的社會吸引力將她們拉進新的、充滿活力的公共空間。除了新客群，還出現了酒吧高腳凳、現場爵士樂與新一代雞尾酒。 Despite the end of Prohibition in 1933, these changes to New York’s drinking culture endured, opening up the cocktail scene to a broader audience. 禁酒令雖於1933年廢止，紐約飲酒文化的這些變化卻持續了下來，將雞尾酒的舞台向更廣泛的觀眾開放。 By the 1960s and into the ‘80s and ‘90s, bar culture in New York had become as varied and textured as the city itself. Cocktail bars got yet another revival at the Rainbow Room, where Dale DeGroff took over the drinks program. In the Village, the Stonewall Inn and others became centers for gay culture, while uptown venues like the Shark Bar attracted a mostly African-American clientele. 到了1960年代並進入1980和1990年代，紐約的酒吧文化已變得跟城市本身一樣多采多姿。 雞尾酒酒吧在戴爾．第格洛夫接管酒單的彩虹廳又迎來一次流行。在紐約格林威治村，石牆酒吧等處所成了同性戀文化的中心，而鯊魚酒吧等曼哈頓上城場所則吸引了以非洲裔美國人為主的客群。 Today, despite an unfortunate turnover rate, modern New York cocktail bars are doing their best to foster a sense of community and hospitality. 現今，儘管翻桌率很低，但現代的紐約雞尾酒酒吧正盡最大努力營造一種社群意識和好客氣氛。 It’s this spirit that an editorial writer for The Brooklyn Eagle captured in an 1885 column (quoted by David Wondrich in his book “Imbibe”). “The modern American,” the paper observed, “looks for civility and he declines to go where rowdy instincts are rampant.” 這正是《布魯克林鷹報》一位主筆1885年在專欄中提到的精神（大衛·旺德里奇在所著《飲酒》一書中引用了這段文字）。該報評論道：「現代美國人追求文明有禮，他拒絕去那些粗暴本能猖獗的地方。」 But American bars are not by definition civil. Luckily, it’s as easy to find your watering hole fit today as it was a century ago. 但從定義上說，美國酒吧並非文明的。幸運的是，今天很容易找到適合你的酒吧，跟一個世紀前一樣。Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/335069/web/ Powered by Firstory Hosting

主題：形容有趣跟善良還有什麼說法 Other ways to say “interesting” and “kind”   Other ways to say – Interesting 有趣 adj. -Fascinating 迷人 Yesterday we went to a fascinating new cafe. -Striking 驚人 Her make-up was very striking. -Buzzworthy 值得討論 He even paid employees to find buzzworthy stories for him to tweet. -Intriguing 有趣/使有興趣 He found an intriguing subject for the future research. -Gripping 扣人心弦 I found the book so gripping that I couldn't put it down. -Amusing 有趣/好玩 She writes amusing articles about politicians. -Entertaining 有娛樂性 The book is short but entertaining.   Other ways to say: Kind 善良 adj.   -Sympathetic 有同情心 Jill was a sympathetic listener. -Good/large/warm – hearted 有溫暖的心 She's a good, warm-hearted woman. -Generous 慷慨 It was generous of you to lend me the money. -Amiable 和藹可親 He seemed an amiable young man. -Considerate 體貼/體諒人的 It was very considerate of you to include me. -Gentle 溫柔 Joe is such a gentle, loving boy. -Gracious 親切/善意 He was gracious enough to invite us to his home.   分享時間: Tell a story about a friend / family member who is interesting or kind Pick 4 words to make sentences Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K352: About Japan - JR East to raise fares by 10 yen to improve disabled accessibility   East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) will become the first railway operator to hike passenger fares and use the funds to improve accessibility for the disabled. 東日本旅客鐵道公司（JR東日本）將成為第一家調漲客運票價，並將這筆資金用來改善供殘障人士使用的無障礙設施的鐵道業者。 The plan is to tack on 10 yen (8 cents) to a ticket for JR East’s 16 major lines, including the Yamanote, Chuo and Keihin-Tohoku lines. The increase will go into effect from spring 2023. 該計畫是要將包括山手線、中央線與京濱東北線等16條JR東日本主要路線的票價調漲10日圓（8美分）。新的票價將自2023年春天起生效。 The transport ministry in December 2021 created a new system of adding fares to a ticket to pay for the installation of platform safety doors and elevators at train stations. （日本）國土交通省在2021年12月創設一項新制度，將調漲的票價金額用來支付在車站設置月台安全門與電梯的費用。 Ministry officials said JR East is the first railway company to announce a specific plan. 國土交通省官員說，JR東日本是第一個（因應該制度）宣布明確計畫的鐵道業者。   Next Article   Tasty TV: Japanese professor creates flavorful screen 美味的電視：日本教授發明有滋味的螢幕   Japan’s Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita has developed a prototype lickable TV screen that can imitate food flavors, another step towards creating a multi-sensory viewing experience. 日本明治大學教授宮下芳明發明出一款可舔式原型電視螢幕，具有模仿食物味道的功能，朝創造多感官收視體驗邁進另一步。 The device, called Taste the TV (TTTV), uses a carousel of 10 flavor canisters that spray in combination to create the taste of a particular food. The flavor sample then rolls on hygienic film over a flat TV screen for the viewer to try. 這個名為「品嚐電視」的裝置內部設置裝有10種口味的罐子，可噴出調製成特定食物的味道，再輸送到平面電視螢幕的衛生薄膜上，讓觀看者品嚐。 In the COVID-19 era, this kind of technology can enhance the way people connect and interact with the outside world, said Miyashita. 宮下說，在新冠肺炎流行時期，這樣的科技可改善人們與外界連結和互動的方式。 "The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while staying at home," he said. A commercial version would cost about 100,000 yen to make. 他說：「目標是讓人們即使待在家，也能擁有類似於在世界另一端上餐廳吃飯的體驗。」商業機製作成本約為10萬日圓（約2萬4300台幣）。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1510384 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1510139 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K351: 侵權爭議大 紐約機器警犬計畫喊卡 NYPD Robot Dog’s Run Is Cut Short After Fierce Backlash   When the New York Police Department acquired a robotic dog last year, officials heralded the four-legged device as a futuristic tool that could go places that were too dangerous to send officers. 當紐約市警局去年獲得一隻機器犬時，官員預告，這個四條腿的裝置是個未來性工具，能去因太過危險而無法派警員前往的地方執勤。 “This dog is going to save lives,” Inspector Frank Digiacomo of the department’s Technical Assistance Response Unit said in a television interview in December. “It’s going to protect people. It’s going to protect officers.” 「這隻狗將可拯救生命。」警局技術協助反應小組巡官法蘭克‧狄吉亞柯摩去年12月接受電視訪問時說，「它將能保護民眾，它將能保護警察。」 Instead, the machine, which the police named Digidog, became a source of heated debate. After it was seen being deployed as part of the response to a home invasion in the Bronx in February, critics likened it to a dystopian surveillance drone. And when officers used it at a public-housing building in Manhattan this month, a backlash erupted again, with some people describing the device as emblematic of how overly aggressive the police can be when dealing with poor communities. 然而，這個被警方取名為「數位犬」的機器，卻成了引發激烈爭論的源頭。今年2月它奉派加入處理布朗克斯區一樁住宅入侵案的團隊，批評者將它與敵托邦無人偵察機相提並論。而當警察本月在一棟國宅使用它時，反彈再度爆發，有些人表示，這個裝置具體說明了警方在處理貧窮社區事務時侵犯性有多麼過分。 Now, the robotic dog’s days in the city have quietly been cut short. 如今，這隻機器犬在這座城市的日子已悄悄地提前結束了。 In response to a subpoena from City Councilman Ben Kallos and Council Speaker Corey Johnson requesting records related to the device, police officials said a contract worth roughly $94,000 to lease the robotic dog from its maker, Boston Dynamics, had been terminated April 22. 紐約市議員班‧卡洛斯和議長柯瑞‧強生發出傳票，要求警局交出和這個裝置有關的紀錄，警局官員回應時表示，以9萬4000美元向製造商「波士頓動力公司」租用機器犬的合約，已於4月22日終止。 John Miller, the Police Department’s deputy commissioner for intelligence and counterterrorism, confirmed late last month that the contract had been canceled and that the dog had been returned to Boston Dynamics or would be soon. 警局主管情報與反恐的副局長約翰‧米勒四月底證實，合約已經取消，機器犬已還給波士頓動力公司，或即將交還。 In an interview, Miller said that the lease had been scheduled to end in August and that the police had planned to test the robotic dog’s capabilities until then. The department changed its plans, he said, after the device became a “target” for people who he said had improperly used it to fuel arguments about race and surveillance. 米勒受訪時說，租約原應於8月結束，警方也計畫測試機器犬的能力直到租約結束。他表示，然而在這個裝置成為箭靶，被一些有心人不恰當的用來挑起關於種族和監視的爭論之後，警局改變了計畫。 “People had figured out the catchphrases and the language to somehow make this evil,” Miller said. 米勒說：「民眾找到某種程度讓這個東西變邪惡的口號和語言。」 Kallos, a Democrat who represents the Upper East Side, took a different position, saying the device’s presence in New York underscored what he called the “militarization of the police.” He said the robotic dogs resembled those featured in the 2017 “Metalhead” episode of the television show “Black Mirror.” 代表上東區的民主黨籍市議員卡洛斯採取不一樣的立場，他說這個裝置出現在紐約，突顯了他所稱的「警察軍隊化」。他說機器犬如同電視影集「黑鏡」2017年的其中一集「金屬頭」裡的主要角色。 “At a time where we should be having more beat cops on the street, building relationships with residents, they’re actually headed in another direction in trying to replace them with robots,” he said. 「此際我們理應在街上安排更多的巡邏員警，和居民建立關係，他們實際上卻反其道而行，試圖用機器取代警察。」Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5443820 Powered by Firstory Hosting

新的一季Vocab，我們會每週週三準時上架，讓大家收聽全英時事討論，吸收主題相關詞彙用語以及觀點~ 也開放聽眾來信或投稿主題喔！   Summary: Angel and I discuss the other uses of the word - "outlet" in situations other than in retail. Most Taiwanese people know the word "outlet" from "outlet malls". Today, the malls are mega parks for families. Mitsui corporation is now opening outlet parks all over Taiwan to tap into a new market for weekend domestic travellers. What are your favorite outlet malls? Come and write to us! Mitsui Outlet Park Tainan: https://www.mop.com.tw/tainan/tw/index.html   Vocabulary: Power outlet 電源插座 With so many electronics at home, we need to install more power outlets. 家裏電器用品很多，我們需要安裝更多電源插座。 Flagship store 旗艦店 Luxury brands like to set their flagship stores in the major cities of the world. 精品品牌喜歡設置他們的旗艦店在世界各地的大城市裡。 Novel 新潮/新鮮的 Mitsui outlet park has many novel clothing and food stores. 三井Outlet台南有許多新潮服飾與餐廳。   更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab 歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected] 商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected] Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K350: What to know about aphasia, Bruce Willis’ diagnosis   The news that film star Bruce Willis has retired from acting due to aphasia has shone a spotlight on the poorly understood communication disorder. 電影明星布魯斯·威利斯（Bruce Willis）因失語症而退出演藝界的消息引起了人們對這種知之甚少的溝通障礙的關注。 “Aphasia just means that someone has a problem with language that they weren’t born with,” Hugo Botha, a neurologist at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota explained. “失語症只是意味著某人的語言有問題，而他們並不是天生的，”明尼蘇達州梅奧診所的神經學家Hugo Botha解釋。 The most common cause is stroke or head injury — and experts stress that while it can affect the production and comprehension of both speech and written words, it normally doesn’t impact intelligence. 最常見的原因是中風或頭部受傷 - 專家強調，雖然它會影響言語和書面文字的產生和理解，但它通常不會影響智力。 It affects some two million Americans, according to the National Aphasia Association, making it more common than Parkinson’s Disease, cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. 根據美國國家失語症協會的數據，它影響了大約200萬美國人，使其比帕金森病，腦癱或肌肉萎縮症更常見。 While it’s normally caused by a specific one-time event such as stroke, “there are other possibilities, such as from a neurodegenerative disease,” or a growing tumor, explained Brenda Rapp, a cognitive scientist at Johns Hopkins University. 雖然它通常是由特定的一次性事件引起的，如中風，但「還有其他可能性，例如來自神經退行性疾病」或不斷增長的腫瘤，約翰霍普金斯大學的認知科學家Brenda Rapp解釋說。 In such cases the damage is progressive and therapy focuses on preventing further loss of function. 在這種情況下，損傷是漸進的，治療的重點是防止進一步的功能喪失。 The brain system governing language is a “very complex machine” that involves selecting the right words, moving the mouth appropriately to vocalize them, and on the other end hearing and decoding their meaning, said Rapp. 拉普說，支配語言的大腦系統是一個「非常複雜的機器」，包括選擇正確的單詞，適當地移動嘴巴來發聲，另一端聽到和解碼它們的含義。 Everyone occasionally struggles to find the right word, “but you could imagine in aphasia, this happens a lot,” she added. 每個人偶爾都會努力尋找合適的詞，“但你可以想像在失語症中，這種情況經常發生，”她補充說。 Doctors sometimes split aphasia into broad clinical categories which correlate to where in the brain injury occurred. 醫生有時會將失語症分為廣泛的臨床類別，這些類別與腦損傷發生的地點相關。 In expressive aphasia, people “usually understand fairly well but have trouble getting words out,” said speech pathologist Brooke Hatfield, of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). The brain is extremely plastic, and speech therapy can engage other parts of it to “bypass the roadblocks” of the damaged areas, and forge new connections, said Rapp. 在表達性失語症中，人們“通常理解得很好，但很難把單詞說出來，”美國言語 - 語言 - 聽力協會（ASHA）的言語病理學家Brooke Hatfield說。Rapp說，大腦的可塑性極強，言語治療可以讓大腦的其他部分參與進來，以「繞過受損區域的障礙」，並建立新的聯繫。 Such therapy also teaches people to talk around the subject if they get stuck on a specific word. Family members can also develop strategies to make themselves better understood: “Things like shorter sentences, and making sure that you’re talking to the person in full view instead of the other room, and minimizing background noise,” said Botha. 這種療法還教會人們在遇到特定單詞時圍繞該主題進行交談。 家庭成員也可以制定策略，讓自己更好地理解：「比如較短的句子，確保你在眾目睽睽之下而不是在另一個房間與人交談，並盡量減少背景噪音，“Botha說。 Some people do well with assistive devices because their ability to write isn’t affected in the same way. Over the horizon, there are experimental treatments that combine electrical stimulation of the brain with speech therapy that have shown promise in recovering function, said Rapp. 有些人在使用輔助設備時做得很好，因為他們的寫作能力不會受到同樣的影響。 Rapp說，在未來，有實驗性的治療方法將大腦的電刺激與言語治療相結合，這些療法在恢復功能方面顯示出希望。 In the case of progressive aphasia, developing drugs that target the build up of protein plaques and tangles in the brain that cause neurodegenerative disease are thought to be the way forward. 在進行性失語症的情況下，開發針對導致神經退行性疾病的蛋白質斑塊和纏結在大腦中積聚的藥物被認為是前進的方向。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/04/12/2003776424 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K349: About France - France bans unlimited sugary drink refills   Restaurants and other spaces catering to the public in France have been banned from offering unlimited sugary drinks in an effort to reduce obesity. It is now illegal to sell unlimited soft drinks at a fixed price or offer them unlimited for free. 在法國，餐廳以及其他對公眾提供餐飲服務的場所，已被禁止無限量供應含糖飲料，以致力減少肥胖。以固定價格販售無限量的非酒精飲料，或無限量地免費供應它們，現在皆屬違法。 The World Health Organization （WHO） recommends taxing sugary drinks, linking them to obesity and diabetes. The new law in France targets soft drinks, including sports drinks containing added sugar or sweeteners. All public eateries, from fast-food joints to school canteens, are affected. The aim of the law is to "limit, especially among the young, the risks of obesity, overweight and diabetes" in line with WHO recommendations. 世界衛生組織（WHO）建議對含糖飲料課稅，並將它們與肥胖及糖尿病建立關連。法國這項新法鎖定的非酒精飲料，包括添加糖或甜味劑的運動飲料。所有公眾餐飲店，從速食店到學校餐廳都受到影響。該法的目的是「限制，特別是年輕族群，肥胖、過重與糖尿病風險」，以符合WHO的建議。 A recent Eurostat survey of adult obesity put the French at 15.3%, which is just below the EU average of 15.9%. France was slimmer than the UK （20.1%） but fatter than Italy （10.7%）. Past the age of 30, nearly 57% of French men are overweight or obese, according to a report published in October by the French medical journal Bulletin Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire. Some 41% of women in the same age category are also overweight or obese, the study found. 歐盟統計局近期針對成人肥胖的調查顯示，法國為15.3%，略低於歐盟平均值15.9%。法國比英國（20.1%）苗條，但比義大利肥胖（10.7%）。而根據法國醫學期刊「流行病學週報」去年10月刊登的一份報告，年過30歲後，近57%的法國男人過重或肥胖。同一年齡組有約41%女性也是過重或肥胖，該研究發現。   Next Article   ’You’ve won your weight in oysters!’ - note in shells stops thieves（「你已贏得和你體重相當的生蠔！」 殼內放紙條阻偷竊）   When thieves stole three tonnes of oysters from French 60-year-old shellfish farmer Christophe Guinot, he came up with a solution: planting secret notes inside oyster shells to help police track down the thieves. 在被小偷竊取3噸生蠔後，60歲的法國貝類養殖業者克里斯多福．朱諾特想出一個解決方案：在生蠔殼內放入秘密紙條，幫助警察追蹤竊賊。 The oysters are reared in cages, attached by wires to a metal frame that stops them drifting away. Thieves take a boat out to the cages and pluck them from the water. 生蠔被養在籠具內，籠具以線綁在金屬框架上，避免漂走。小偷會乘船到籠具，把籠具從水中拔走。 Guinot takes an empty oyster shell, insert a tiny rolled-up note, glue the shell back together and drop it into the cage. The note tells whoever opens the shell that they have won their own weight in oysters, and invites them to call to claim their prize. 於是朱諾特取來空的生蠔殼，放入一小張捲起來的紙條，再用膠水黏合放回籠內。紙條告訴打開的人，他們贏得和自己體重相當的生蠔，邀請他們致電領獎。 Anyone claiming their prize could be asked where they bought the oysters, and if it was not from somewhere that Guinot supplies, he could set the police on the trail of the thieves. 領獎的人會被詢問是在哪裡買生蠔，一旦不是從朱諾特供應的廠商購入，他就會報警提供竊賊線索。Source article: https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1091689 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1511511 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: About animals - Treating wounds with insects: the strange habits of Gabon chimps   How to treat a wound? For humans, the first instinct would be to disinfect it and then cover it with a bandage. But chimpanzees have invented a more creative method: catching insects and applying them directly to the open wound. 應該如何處理傷口呢？對於人類來說，第一個反應是對其進行消毒，然後用繃帶包紮。但黑猩猩發明了一種更有創意的方法：用昆蟲並將牠們直接塗抹在開放性傷口上。 Scientists observed this behavior in chimpanzees in the West African nation of Gabon, noticing that the apes not only use insects to treat their own wounds, but also those of their peers. 科學家們在西非國家加彭的黑猩猩身上觀察到這種行為，並注意到這些猿類不僅使用昆蟲來治療自己的傷口，還用來治療同伴。 The project began in 2019, when an adult female chimpanzee named Suzee was observed inspecting a wound on the foot of her adolescent son. Suzee then suddenly caught an insect out of the air, put it in her mouth, apparently squeezed it, and then applied it to her son’s wound. 這項研究計畫始於2019年，科學家當時觀察到一隻名叫蘇西（Suzee）的成年雌黑猩猩，正在檢查牠青少年兒子腳上的傷口。接著，蘇西突然從空中抓了一隻蟲子，放進嘴裡抿碎，然後敷在牠兒子的傷口上。   Next Article   Topic: Deer runs into hospital, up escalator; later is euthanized 一隻鹿闖進醫院搭上電梯隨後被安樂死 News outlets reported that surveillance video showed a deer bounding into Our Lady of the Lake Hospital in Baton Rouge in Louisiana through an open door and stumbling on the slippery floor as stunned workers and visitors watched from a few feet away. 監視影片顯示，有一隻鹿從路易斯安那州巴頓魯治聖母湖醫院開放的大門跳進院內後，在易滑的地板上跌倒，震驚的工作人員和訪客在幾呎外目睹一切。 The deer regained its footing enough to climb up the escalator and reach the second floor, where it was finally corralled and held down by several people. 這隻鹿站穩腳步後爬進電梯搭到二樓，才終於被許多人一同壓制及捕捉。 The deer was loaded on a hospital bed that was rolled outside to a truck from the The Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Department. 這隻鹿被放置在醫院病床上，推往路易斯安那野生動物和漁業部的卡車。 The animal had to be euthanized because of injuries, the agency said, adding there were indications it may have been struck by a vehicle before entering the building. 該機構說，由於這隻動物傷重，必須被安樂死。他們也補充道，牠看起來應該是進入醫院前遭汽車撞擊。 "Patient care has not been interrupted and the area is being thoroughly sanitized," said a statement by the hospital. 醫院聲明指出：「病患照護未受干擾，事發區域也已徹底消毒。」Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1501725 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1502232   Next Article Topic: Kangaroos can learn to communicate with humans, researchers say Kangaroos can learn to communicate with humans similar to how domesticated dogs do, by using their gaze to "point" and ask for help, researchers said in a study published on Wednesday. 研究人員在週三發表的一份研究中說，和被馴化的狗類似，袋鼠可以學習和人類溝通，利用凝視來「指向」並尋求協助。 The study involved 11 kangaroos that lived in captivity but had not been domesticated. Ten of the 11 marsupials intently gazed at researchers when they were unable to open a box with food, according to the report. Nine alternately looked at the human and at the container, as a way of pointing or gesturing toward the object. 這份研究涉及11隻圈養但未經馴化的袋鼠。根據這份報告，這11隻有袋動物的其中10隻，在打不開一個裝有食物的盒子時，專注凝視研究人員。9隻交替看著人和容器，做為指向或是朝該物體示意的一種方法。 "We interpreted this as a deliberate form of communication, a request for help," Alan McElligott, the Irish researcher who led the study, told Reuters in a call. 主導這起研究的愛爾蘭研究人員亞倫‧麥克利戈特在電話中告訴路透，「我們將之解釋為一種刻意的溝通形式，是一種求助。」 The findings challenge the notion that only domesticated animals such as dogs, horses or goats communicate with humans. 這項發現挑戰了只有諸如狗、馬或山羊這類被馴化的動物會和人類溝通的觀念。   Next Article   Topic: 2 pythons weighing 100 pounds collapse ceiling in Australia （澳洲2條合計100磅的蟒蛇壓垮天花板） An Australian David Tait entered his home in Laceys Creek in Queensland state and was surprised to find a large chunk of the ceiling lying on his kitchen table. "I knew we hadn’t had rain, so I looked around to find what had caused it," Tait said. 一名澳洲民眾大衛．泰特回到位於昆士蘭州萊西溪市的家時，驚訝地發現一大片天花板躺在廚房餐桌上。泰特說：「我知道沒下雨，所以我四處張望尋找事發原因。」 He soon found two culprits, non-venomous carpet pythons 2.8 meters and 2.5 meters long, that had slithered into a bedroom and living room. The snakes have an estimated combined weight of 45 kilograms. 他很快發現2隻罪魁禍首，各為2.8公尺及2.5公尺的無毒地毯蟒爬進了臥室和客廳。這2隻蟒蛇合計重達45公斤。 Snake catcher Steven Brown was called to remove the two snakes. "I would assume that it was two males fighting over a female that was nearby in the roof," he said. He suspected the female could still be in the ceiling or nearby. 捕蛇專家史蒂芬．布朗被叫來抓2隻蟒蛇。他說：「我想是2隻公蟒為了待在天花板附近的1隻母蟒在打架。」他懷疑，那隻母蟒或許還待在天花板或附近一帶。 The males were returned to the wild, but the suspected third snake hasn’t been found. 2隻公蟒被野放，疑似還在屋內的第3隻蟒蛇下落不明。 Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1422528 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1420019   Next Article   Topic: Fly south or roost? Canadian ’snowbirds’ weigh Florida mid-pandemic Birds of a feather normally flock together, but the pandemic has divided Canada’s "snowbird" warm weather migrants into two camps：those staying home this winter and those heading to Florida no matter the cost. 通常來說，物以類聚，但是這場疫情已經使加拿大每年遷徙到氣候溫暖區的「雪鳥族」分成兩陣營：待在家鄉過冬，以及不計代價前往佛州者。 Nearly a million Canadians make the annual pilgrimage, fleeing to the southern United States to pass what would otherwise be gray and snowy months with their toes tucked in the sand and ocean breeze in their hair. 每年有將近100萬名加拿大人飛奔到美國南方，享受漫步沙灘、和煦海風吹過髮梢，度過在家鄉會是滿是灰白雪世界的幾個月。 The coronavirus has led a majority to forgo the trip this year － but for those flouting Canada’s repeated calls to stay put, the price tag on winter at the beach has skyrocketed. 新型冠狀病毒導致今年大多數人放棄這趟旅程，但是對那些不顧加拿大一再呼籲不要旅行的人來說，到南方沙灘過冬的代價飛漲。 Each plane ticket costs Can$500 and hauling the vehicle 55 miles across the border sets customers back $1,000. 每張機票要500加幣，把車子運送55英里越過邊境，則要花上1000加幣。   Next Article   Topic: Canadian officials warn drivers not to let moose lick their cars 加拿大官員警告駕駛 不要讓駝鹿舔他們的車 Officials in Jasper, an alpine town in Canada’s Alberta province, have put up signs asking motorists to avoid allowing moose to lick the salt off their cars. 加拿大亞伯達省高山小鎮賈斯柏的官員們，已經張貼標語要求駕駛人不得允許駝鹿舔他們車外的鹽。 "They’re obsessed with salt, it’s one of the things they need for the minerals in their body," Jasper National Park spokesman Steve Young told CNN. "They usually get it from salt lakes in the park, but now they realized they can also get road salt that splashes onto cars." 「他們癡迷於鹽，鹽是其中一種牠們身體必需的礦物質」，賈斯柏國家公園發言人史蒂夫．楊告訴美國有線電視新聞網，「他們通常會從公園的湖鹽獲取它（礦物質），但現在他們知道，他們也能從濺在車上的路鹽得到」。 At the Jasper National Park, where people often park on the side of the road in hopes of catching a glimpse of the moose, letting the animals near your car is actually a serious danger. 賈斯柏國家公園內時常有人停車在路邊，希望能得到駝鹿的注意，但讓動物接近你的車，其實是非常危險的。 By allowing moose to lick the salt off your car, they will become habituated with being around cars. That poses a risk to both the animals and the drivers who can accidentally crash into them. 允許駝鹿舔你的車外的鹽，將會讓牠們習慣徘徊於車子旁邊。對動物及可能意外與牠們相撞的駕駛人都構成風險。 Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1422097 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Source: https://www.insider.com/what-to-bring-to-disney-parks-someone-who-goes-frequently-2022-4#an-umbrella-is-a-must-in-rainy-climates-9   A reusable water bottle comes in handy and cuts costs 隨身水瓶好用又省錢 Bringing a reusable water bottle is an absolute necessity because buying bottled water in the parks is extremely overpriced and staying hydrated in the heat is so important. Many parks have water-bottle filling stations, but many dining locations also offer free cups of water if you forget a bottle. As parks become more environmentally friendly, you might want to bring your own straw 園區強調環保需要自帶吸管 The Disney parks have been reducing the amount of single-use plastics that are handed out to guests, including plastic straws. Dining and refreshment locations now hand out paper straws or none at all. A handheld fan can be a lifesaver on a hot day 手持風扇是你的救命稻草 A handheld fan is an absolute lifesaver to prevent overheating, especially in the summer. Standing in the scorching sun all day can be pretty brutal, so a small USB-rechargeable fan offers a welcome reprise from the heat. Wipes come in handy for many reasons 濕紙巾很能派上用場 I like to bring a variety of wipes with me to the parks. I use sanitizing wipes to clean surfaces, wipe my hands before eating, or wash up any spilled ice cream An umbrella is a must in rainy climates 雨傘在多雨的氣候下是必須的 When visiting a theme park in a climate that's prone to rain, like Disney World in Florida, I'll bring a compact, collapsible umbrella with me.   分享時間: What do you bring when you travel? What’s in your bag? Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K348: It’s Sitting Pretty in Ink   To be a magazine reader these days is to lament — unless you are reading The World of Interiors, published since 1982 by Condé Nast Britain but widely available on American newsstands, where it sells for $9.99 per issue. 在這個時代身為雜誌讀者，如今就是在哀歎——除非你正在閱讀《室內設計世界》（The World of Interiors），該書自1982年以來由康泰納仕英國公司（Condé Nast Britain）出版，但在美國報攤上隨處可見，每期售價9.99美元。 The World of Interiors is essentially a decorating magazine, but this is like saying Vogue concerns itself with sewing. It showcases seemingly every facet of the decorative arts and crafts over centuries, from pop artist Roy Lichtenstein’s Manhattan studio to an antique dealer’s 16th-century Shropshire pile to a shepherd’s hut, while reviewing books like “The People’s Galleries: Art Museums and Exhibitions in Britain 1800-1914.” It’s intelligent, witty and wide-ranging in its curiosity: a bible. 《室內世界》本質上是一本裝飾雜誌，但這就像說《Vogue》是關注縫紉一樣。幾個世紀以來，它似乎展示了裝飾藝術和手工藝品的方方面面，從波普藝術家羅伊·利希滕斯坦（Roy Lichtenstein）的曼哈頓工作室到古董商的16世紀什羅普郡（Shropshire）堆垛，再到牧羊人的小屋，同時評論了“人民畫廊：英國藝術博物館和展覽1800-1914”等書籍。這本雜誌聰明、機智，好奇心廣泛：如同一本聖經。 And a rarity. 而且是罕見的。 Two decades after the internet changed everything, magazines mostly have yet to figure out how to thrive in a digital world. Details and Domino folded. Glamour, Seventeen, Vibe, Self and Playboy have either retreated from print altogether or appear on newsstands infrequently. Titles once so culturally influential they created mythologies around them — Time, Sports Illustrated, Rolling Stone — have been supplanted by social media and blog. 在網際網路改變一切的20年後，雜誌大多還沒有弄清楚如何在數位世界中茁壯成長。細節和多米諾骨牌摺疊。《魅力》、《十七歲》、《Vibe》、《Self》和《花花公子》要麼完全退出印刷品，要麼很少出現在報攤上。曾經在文化上如此有影響力的標題，以至於圍繞它們創造了神話 - 時代，體育畫報，滾石 - 已經被社交媒體和部落格所取代 Nicholas Coleridge, the outgoing chairman of Condé Nast Britain, recently published a memoir about the 30-year golden period for magazines, beginning in the 1980s, when ad revenue and circulation climbed year after year and editors brimmed with creative gusto. He titled it “The Glossy Years.” In 2017, the U.S. arm of Condé Nast lost more than $120 million and, to stem the bleeding, the publisher has closed or sold off several titles and subleased floors in its Lower Manhattan headquarters. Rivals Hearst and Meredith face similar challenges. 即將離任的康泰納仕英國公司（Condé Nast Britain）主席尼古拉斯·柯勒律治（Nicholas Coleridge）最近出版了一本回憶錄，講述了雜誌從1980年代開始的30年黃金時期，當時廣告收入和發行量逐年攀升，編輯們充滿了創造性的熱情。他將其命名為「光輝歲月」。2017年，康泰納仕（Condé Nast）的美國分公司損失了超過1.2億美元，為了阻止流血，該出版商已經關閉或出售了其曼哈頓下城總部的幾本書和轉租樓層。競爭對手赫斯特和梅雷迪思也面臨著類似的挑戰。 If one could even sell a magazine memoir of today, it might be called “The Getting-By Years”: slashed budgets, reduced staffs, a noticeable diminishing of not just financial resources but ambition and copy-editing. 如果有人現在能為雜誌出本回憶錄，書名可能會是「湊合著過的歲月」：預算大減，人員縮編，財源、企圖心和審稿人力明顯減少。 Except at The World of Interiors, which has lost none of its gloss and seems utterly unaffected by modern media trends. Other than a cursory if reasonably popular Instagram presence and website of inspirational indices, it’s not really on the internet, or trying limply to be “of” the internet as so many other legacy titles are. 除了《室內設計世界》，它沒有失去任何光輝，似乎完全不受現代媒體趨勢的影響。粗略經營就是說該雜誌的Instagram和指數網站，它並沒有真正在網路上，或者像許多其他傳統標題一樣跛腳地試圖成為互聯網的“人”。 “It enjoys a semi-indie status among our titles,” said Albert Read, the managing director of Condé Nast Britain. The people who produce it, he said, “are all artistic bohemian types. It’s the antithesis to the data-driven digital attitude that we have to embrace in other part of our business.” 英國康泰納仕總經理李德說：「室內世界在我們旗下雜誌裡，享有半獨立地位。」他說，製作這本刊物的「都是很有藝術造詣又豪放不羈的文化人，態度與我們處理其他業務必須有的『看數據說話』完全相反」。 Sitting in his wood-paneled office inside Vogue House, the publisher’s London headquarters, Read held up the October issue of The World of Interiors. It was thick as a phone book with ads and printed on heavy 100-gram wood-free coated paper, the most luscious, most expensive paper of any Condé title. The cover was a simple, enticing photo of the shaded veranda of a house in the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the coast of northwest Africa, with barely any typeface to muck it up. 李德坐在出版商倫敦總部Vogue House的木板辦公室里，舉起了十月刊《室內設計世界》。它厚厚如一本帶有廣告的電話簿，印在厚重的100克無木銅版紙上，這是所有康得書目中最甜美，最昂貴的紙張。封面是一張簡單而誘人的照片，描繪了加那利群島（加那利群島）一所房子的陰涼陽臺，加那利群島是非洲西北部海岸附近的一個西班牙群島，幾乎沒有任何字體來掩蓋它。 The magazine’s readership is small, with a circulation of 55,000, but influential. It’s beloved by those in the creative and visual arts especially. 這本雜誌發行5萬5000本，讀者群很小，但很有影響力，尤其受到創意及視覺藝術工作者喜愛。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/4255134 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K347: Venice Gets a Grip on a Star Architect’s Slippery Bridge   As tourists wandered obliviously on the glass floor of the footbridge, locals proceeded with caution. Venetians made sure to walk on the narrow stone strip at the center, some lifting fogged glasses to keep their eyes on the ground. When a visitor tripped, they barely lifted their gaze. 當遊客在人行天橋的玻璃地板上徘徊時，當地人小心翼翼地繼續前進。威尼斯人確保走在中心的狹窄石帶上，有些人舉起霧玻璃，把眼睛放在地上。當一個訪客被絆倒時，他們幾乎沒有抬起目光。 “That is not a bridge,” said Angelo Xalle, 71, a retired port worker who recalled helping people with broken chins or foreheads get up from its sleek floor. “It’s a trap.” 「這不是座橋」，71歲退休港口員工薩爾說，他回想起幫助因滑溜橋面而跌斷下巴或額頭的人起身，「這是個陷阱」。 The bridge, Ponte della Costituzione, by star architect Santiago Calatrava, is a multimillion-dollar work of glass and steel that opened in 2008. Its smooth curve above the Grand Canal, near Venice’s train station, was meant to symbolize the city’s embrace of modernity, but it has become better known as a stage for ruinous tumbles and dangerous slips. 這座橋由明星建築師聖地牙哥·卡拉特拉瓦（Santiago Calatrava）設計，是一座價值數百萬美元的玻璃和鋼鐵作品，於2008年開放。它在威尼斯火車站附近的大運河上方的平滑曲線象徵著這座城市對現代性的擁抱，但它已成為一個眾所周知的毀滅性翻滾和危險滑倒的舞臺。 Now, after years of protests and problems, the city has decided to replace the translucent glass with less slippery — and less glamorous — trachyte stone. 現在，在多年的抗議和各種問題後，市政府決定以比較不滑、也沒那麼美麗的粗面岩，取代透明玻璃。 “People hurt themselves, and they sue the administration,” said Francesca Zaccariotto, Venice’s public works official. “We have to intervene.” 「民眾受傷，他們就告政府」，威尼斯公共事務官員札卡里歐托說，「我們必須介入」。 The city’s decision to allocate 500,000 euros, or about $565,000, to replace the bridge’s glass section comes after several failed attempts to limit slips with resin and nonslip stickers. Last month, as the winter cold and rains made the floor especially dangerous, officials placed keep-off signs on the glass portion of the bridge, which is most of it. 該市決定撥款50萬歐元，約合565000美元，以取代橋樑的玻璃部分，此前幾次嘗試用樹脂和防滑貼紙限制滑倒失敗。上個月，由於冬季的寒冷和降雨使地板特別危險，官員們在橋的玻璃部分放置了防範標誌，這是大部分。 Acclaimed around the world for work including the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York, Calatrava was commissioned to design the bridge in 1999. When it opened nine years later, after protests about delays and soaring costs, complaints about falls began quickly. 卡拉特拉瓦（Calatrava）的作品享譽全球，包括紐約的世界貿易中心交通樞紐，於1999年受委託設計這座橋。九年後，當它開業時，在抗議延誤和成本飆升之後，關於跌倒的抱怨迅速開始。 Protests intensified in 2013, when the city installed a cable car on the bridge to make it more accessible. The red, round cabin — not designed by Calatrava — cost about 1.5 million euros, was slow to cross the bridge and became unbearably hot in the summer. It was later dismantled. 抗議活動在2013年加劇，當時該市在橋上安裝了纜車，使其更容易進入。紅色的圓形機艙 - 不是由Calatrava設計的 - 耗資約150萬歐元，過橋的速度很慢，夏天變得難以忍受。它後來被拆除。 In 2018, the city replaced some of the slabs of glass with trachyte, but during the pandemic, when national television filmed people walking over the bridge to illustrate the return to normalcy after a lockdown, it inevitably caught someone slipping. Last year, the administration gathered the funds to fully replace the glass. 2018年，該市用粗面岩取代了一些玻璃板，但在疫情期間，當國家電視台拍攝人們走過橋以說明封鎖后恢復正常時，它不可避免地抓住了某人滑倒。去年，政府籌集資金以完全更換玻璃。 “We can’t always do poetry,” Zaccariotto said. “We must give security.” 「我們不能老是搞浪漫」，札卡里歐托說，「我們必須保障安全」。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6076910 Powered by Firstory Hosting

新的一季Vocab，每週週三準時上架，讓大家收聽全英時事討論，吸收主題相關詞彙用語以及觀點~ 也開放聽眾來信或投稿主題喔！   Summary: The cha chaan teng – or "tea restaurant" – is the Hong Kong equivalent of the "greasy spoon" cafe, or perhaps the American diner. Frequented by everyone from tough construction workers to sharp-suited bankers to roughing-it celebs craving the cheap dishes they were brought up on, offer East-West hybrid comfort foods that fuses the thriftier ends of the culinary traditions of two very different worlds.   Article from BBC: https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220310-hong-kongs-greasy-spoon-cafes   Vocabulary: Mom-and-pop stores 小型/家庭型店家 Mom-and-pop stores were everywhere in the countryside where I grew up. 我小時候長大的鄉下地方到處都可以看到家庭式雜貨店。 Affordable 可負擔的/負擔得起 Street food is usually the most affordable food in the city. 路邊攤食物通常在城市裡是最便宜的。 Thrifty 節儉 If you want to be thrifty, you have to try and cook more by yourself or only visit greasy spoon cafes. 如果你想省錢的話，只能試著自己煮，要不然就是去小吃店吃。 更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab 歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected] 商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected] Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K346: Our Ever-Expanding Virus Vernacular The coronavirus pandemic has upended all kinds of human behavior, including speech. Conversations are mediated by masks and screens, their sentences strung together with new vocabulary: medical terms, political mandates and slang devised to take the clinical edge off. 新冠肺炎大流行顛覆了包括言語在內的各種人類行為。對話中都看到口罩和螢幕，他們的句子與新的詞彙串在一起：醫學術語，政治命令和俚語，旨在讓大眾更容易吸收。 This new vernacular has many people playing virologist in the group chat, with talk of contact tracing and antibody tests; planning “socially distant” activities like Zoom birthday parties and drive-by greetings; and tweeting about life under “quar,” a pet name for “quarantine”. 這些新的俚語讓很多人在社群中聊天時可以扮演病毒學家，談論接觸者追蹤和抗體測試，以及計劃「社交距離」活動，如在Zoom生日派對和駕車遠距問候;並在推特上發佈關於“quar”下的生活，“quar”是“隔離”的暱稱。 “‘Self-isolation,’‘social distancing,’‘abundance of caution’— pairs of words I'd never seen together in a sentence back in January have become ubiquitous,” she writes. These phrases are moving “even faster than the virus, eye to mind, ear to mouth, disseminated by our iPhone screens and televisions.” “'自我隔離'，'社交距離'，'大量的謹慎'——這些詞我在一月份時從未在一句話中看到過，現在開口兩句話些詞已經變得無處不在，”她寫道。這些片語正在以「比病毒更快，眼睛到思想，耳朵到嘴巴，通過我們的iPhone螢幕和電視傳播中。」 The proliferation of neologisms and jargon was significant enough to merit updates to the Oxford English Dictionary in April, beyond the dictionary's standard quarterly updates. 新詞和俚語的成長足以使牛津英語詞典在四月份進行更新，超出了原來該詞典的標準的季度更新。 “Social change brings about linguistic change,” said Fiona McPherson, a senior editor at the OED. “These are permanent additions to our vocabulary.” “社會變遷帶來了語言上的改變，”OED的高級編輯菲奧娜·麥克弗森（Fiona McPherson）說。“這些都是永久的加入我們詞彙中“。 She noted, though, that many of the words aren't new; rather, their use has become more frequent, their meanings shifted in the new context of the pandemic. “Social distancing,” “self-isolation” and “coronavirus” date back decades, even centuries. 不過，她指出，許多詞並不新鮮。相反，它們的使用變得更加頻繁，它們的含義在大流行的新背景下發生了變化。“社交距離”，“自我隔離”和“新冠病毒”可以追溯到幾十年前，甚至幾個世紀。 McPherson said a lexicographer's job is to be “descriptive, not prescriptive. We're telling the story of what the words mean, but they only mean that because that's how people are using them. And the stories are never completely finished.” 麥克弗森說，詞典編輯者的工作是“描述性的，而不是規範性的。我們講述的是這些詞的含義，但它們只是因為這就是人們使用它們的方式。故事永遠不會完全結束。 Gretchen McCulloch, a linguist and the author of “Because Internet,” raised the example of “face mask,” which a few months ago may have called to mind an at-home skin care treatment. Now, the phrase immediately evokes the protective mouth and nose covering people have been encouraged to wear to prevent viral transmission. 語言學家、《為何網際網路》（Why Internet）一書的作者格雷琴·麥卡洛克（Gretchen McCulloch）舉了一個“口罩”的例子，幾個月前，這種面膜可能讓人想起了一種家庭臉部護理。現在，這句話立即喚起了人們被鼓勵戴上保護性口鼻罩以防止病毒傳播的防護服。 This evolution in the language can be seen as well in the rhetoric of care providers and politicians, which varies by region. The states are“on pause”or working to“flatten the curve,”their residents told to“stay at home,”“shelter in place”or remain“healthy at home.” 這種語言的演變也可以從護理人員和政治家的言論中看到，這些言論因地區而異。各州正在「暫停」或努力「拉平曲線」，他們的居民被告知「留在家裡」，“就地避難”或保持“健康在家中”。 The World Health Organization has recommended that“physical distancing”replace“social distancing” because it more accurately describes the goal of keeping a physical distance while still encouraging safe, remote social connection, which is imperative for mental health. 世界衛生組織建議“保持身體距離”取代“社交距離”，因為它更準確地描述了保持身體距離的目標，同時仍然鼓勵安全，遠端的社交活動，這對心理健康至關重要。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/4602077 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K345: About Science - Ants have the ability to sniff out cancer in humans, study reveals   Ants have the ability to sniff out cancerous cells in humans, a new study has discovered, suggesting they could be used for cancer diagnosis in future. 一項新研究發現，螞蟻能嗅出人體內的癌細胞，這表明螞蟻可用於未來對癌症的診斷。 Researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) discovered that ant species Formica fusca has a well developed sense of smell. 法國國家科學研究中心（CNRS）的研究人員發現，「黑山蟻」（學名：Formica fusca ）這種螞蟻品種，嗅覺非常發達。 It was able to differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells in humans, thanks to their sense of smell, limited trials revealed. But more clinical tests must be carried out before they could be used in clinical settings like hospitals, the team said. 有限的實驗顯示，這種螞蟻的嗅覺超強，能夠將人體的癌細胞與健康細胞區分開來。但是該研究團隊表示，還需要進行更多臨床測試，才能將黑山蟻用於醫院等臨床環境中。 They suggest that in future, ants could turn out to be better at dogs when it comes to locating cancerous cells in humans. 他們人員指出，未來在識別人體癌細胞方面，螞蟻可能會比狗做得更出色。   Next Article   科學家使用細胞再生技術讓老鼠回春 Scientists Reverse Aging In Mice Using Cell Rejuvenation Technique   Researchers in the US treated healthy mice with a form of gene therapy that refreshed older cells, making the animals more youthful according to biological markers that are used to measure the effects of ageing. 美國研究人員對健康老鼠實施一種更新老化細胞的基因療法，他們透過用來衡量老化效應的生物標記法，測出這些老鼠變年輕了。 Repeating the trick in humans is far from straightforward, but the findings will fuel interest in radical new therapies that aim to slow or reverse the ageing process as a means of tackling age-related diseases such as cancer, brittle bones and Alzheimer’s. 儘管難以用同樣的方法讓人類返老還童，但這一發現將點燃人們對以延緩或逆轉衰老為目標的激進新療法的興趣，這種療法可以用來治療諸如癌症、骨質疏鬆和阿茲海默症等與年齡相關的疾病。 The scientists drew on previous work by the Japanese Nobel laureate Prof Shinya Yamanaka, who showed that a mixture of four molecules – known as Yamanaka factors – can rewind adult cells into youthful stem cells that are capable of forming almost any tissue in the body. 科學家這一療法借鑑日本諾貝爾獎得主山中伸彌教授先前的研究成果。山中伸彌向世人展示，被稱為「山中因子」的4種分子組合在一起，可以讓成人細胞逆生長為年輕的幹細胞，而幹細胞可以分化成人體的任何組織。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1506995 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1508339 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: About scientific research - Certain Junk Foods Could Be Messing With Your Brain’s Appetite Control, Study Finds Emerging evidence in humans suggests a typically Western high-fat, high-sugar ’junk food’ diet can quickly undermine your brain’s appetite control. 在人類中新發現的證據顯示，含有高脂高糖「垃圾食物」的典型西方飲食，可以快速破壞大腦對食慾的控制。 After indulging in a week-long binge of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy volunteers scored worse on memory tests and experienced a greater desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full. 狂吃鬆餅、奶昔和類似的高脂食物一週後，澳洲研究人員發現，年輕健康的志願者在記憶力測試中成績欠佳，而且對垃圾食物更有食慾，甚至在吃飽之後還想吃。 The findings suggest something is amiss in the hippocampus - a region of the brain that supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby reducing our appetite. 研究結果顯示問題出在海馬體，這個區域在大腦中支援記憶力，協助調節食慾。我們吃飽之後，海馬體被認為會使美食記憶不再活躍，從而降低食慾。 When it’s disrupted, this control can be seriously undermined. 當海馬體受到擾亂，對食慾的控制也會受到嚴重破壞。 Over the years, extensive research on juvenile mice has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to ’junk food’ , but this has only recently been observed in young and healthy humans. 近年來對幼鼠進行的廣泛研究發現，海馬體對「垃圾食物」很敏感，但最近才在年輕健康的人群中發現這一問題。   Next Article   Topic: Squatting or kneeling is better for your posture than sitting all day, anthropologists claim 人類學家：蹲姿或跪姿比坐一整天來得好 Resting postures such as squatting or kneeling may be better for health because they require more muscle activity than sitting on a chair, researchers claim. 研究人員聲稱，蹲或跪這類休息姿勢也許更有益於身體健康，因為它們比坐在椅子上需要更多的肌肉活動。 The findings are based on data gathered from a hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania who wore devices that measured physical activity as well as periods of rest. 這些發現是根據從坦尚尼亞一個狩獵採集部落收集來的數據，這個部落的人佩戴裝置來測量他們的體力活動和休息時間。 Anthropologists from the US found that despite being sedentary for almost 10 hours each day, equivalent to clocking a shift in the office at the desk, the Hazda people appeared to lack the markers of chronic diseases associated with long periods of sitting. 美國的人類學家發現，儘管哈茲達部落的人每天靜止不動的時間將近10個小時，相當於在辦公桌前上一天班，但他們似乎並未出現久坐帶來的慢性病跡象。 They believe this is down to the ‘active rest postures’ used by the tribe. 他們相信，這歸結於該部落使用的「主動休息姿勢」。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1368761 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1367176   Next Article   Aboriginal canoe sets out on voyage to Japan for research An Aboriginal Amis canoe is set to sail from Taiwan’s Taitung County to Japan’s Yonaguni Island some time between Monday and July 13. Organized by Taiwan’s National Museum of Prehistory and Japan’s National Museum of Nature and Science (NMNS), the voyage is part of the NMNS’ research on people’s movement from Taiwan to Japan in ancient times. 一艘原住民阿美族的獨木舟，預計在週一至七月十三日間，從台灣的台東縣航向日本的與那國島。該活動是由國立台灣史前文化博物館，及日本的國立科學博物館合辦，此航行是科博館研究的一部分，旨在探討古代人們從台灣到日本的遷徙活動。 According to archaeologists, some of the early inhabitants of Japan most likely traveled from Taiwan to the Ryukyu Islands on similar wooden vessels during the Paleolithic, about 30,000 years ago. The canoe will have to cross the Kuroshio Current (the Black Current) and travel around 205km to Yonaguni Island, Japan’s westernmost island in Okinawa Prefecture. 根據考古學家們指出，日本的某些早期居民，極有可能是搭乘著類似的木筏，自台灣來到沖繩列島，當時大約是距今三萬年的舊石器時代。這艘獨木舟必須跨越「黑潮」洋流，航行約兩百零五公里至沖繩縣、位於全日本最西端的與那國島。 The research team failed to complete a voyage on an Amis bamboo raft last year and the year before that, because the boats used were not strong enough for the big waves. This time around, a canoe made of cedar will be used in the adventure, which is expected to take 2 to 3 days. 研究團隊去年、前年均嘗試以阿美族竹筏渡海，但因竹筏不夠堅固無法抵擋大浪沖擊，最終挑戰失敗。本次冒險則改用以雪松打造的獨木舟，預計需二到三天才能完成整趟航程。Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2019/06/20/2003717213   Next Article   Topic: Researchers ‘reboot’ pig brains hours after animals died The brains of decapitated pigs can be partially revived several hours after the animal has died, researchers have revealed, with some of the functions of cells booted back up when an oxygen-rich fluid is circulated through the organ. 研究人員近日指出，宰殺後的豬隻大腦在死亡數個小時之後，仍然可以被「部分復甦」──藉由一種富含氧氣的液體在器官中進行循環，死亡豬隻的腦細胞部分功能被重新啟動。 The scientists stress that the brains do not show any signs of consciousness — for example, there was no sign that different parts of the brain were sending signals to each other — and that it does not change the definition of death. “This is not a living brain. But it is a cellularly active brain,” said Prof Nenad Sestan from Yale University, who led the research. 科學家強調，實驗中的大腦並未顯示任何具有意識的徵兆──舉例而言，大腦不同部位並沒有出現互相傳遞訊號的跡象──而這項實驗也並未改變死亡的定義。耶魯大學的內納德‧塞斯坦教授是這篇研究的主持人，他表示：「這並不代表它是一個活的大腦，但確實是一個就細胞層面而言仍在活動中的大腦。」 A number of studies have suggested brain cells might not inevitably die after blood stops circulating. Writing in the journal Nature, researchers in the US reported how they sought to examine this further by taking brains from 32 pigs that had been killed in a slaughterhouse. Four hours after their deaths the arteries of the pig brains were hooked up to a sophisticated system dubbed BrainEx, which pumped an oxygenated synthetic blood through the organ. This fluid contained a host of nutrients as well as other substances to tackle processes that lead to cell death, and the circulation was continued for six hours. 曾有多份研究指出，在血液停止循環後，大腦細胞可能不會必然死亡。在期刊《自然》這次刊出的報告中，美國的研究人員解釋他們如何藉由三十二頭豬在屠宰廠被宰殺後留下的大腦，試圖進一步檢驗這個現象。在豬隻死亡四個小時後，豬的大腦動脈被接上一個稱為「BrainEx」的複雜系統，它會把加入氧氣的人工合成血液灌注到器官中。液體內含有許多營養物和其他物質，能夠阻撓導致細胞死亡的過程，並在大腦中持續循環六個小時。 At that point, the team found the circulating fluid successfully flowed through blood vessels in the brain, including tiny capillaries, and that the blood vessels were able to dilate in response to a drug, while the brain as a whole consumed oxygen and glucose from the fluid and released carbon dioxide back into it at similar rates to an intact brain. 此時，研究團隊發現循環的液體順利流經大腦中的血管──包括極細的微血管──而血管也能夠對某種藥物產生擴張反應，大腦整體則會消耗液體中的氧氣和葡萄糖，並釋出二氧化碳回到液體中，速率近似於正常大腦。 What is more, the cells showed certain functions, including the release of various immune-response substances when triggered. After tissues were removed from the brains and flushed of the BrainEx fluid the researchers found individual neurons were still able to function. 此外，細胞更開始出現某些功能，例如在受到刺激時會釋放出多種免疫反應物質。研究人員移除部分腦組織、並且沖洗掉「BrainEx」液體後，發現單獨的神經元仍然能夠運作。 The team said that while the BrainEx fluid was circulating, they monitored the brains to check for any signs of organized electrical activity that might suggest consciousness. “That monitoring didn’t show any kind of organized global electrical activity,” said Dr Stephen Latham, a bioethicist and co-author of the study. 研究團隊表示，當「BrainEx」液體正在循環時，他們有偵測大腦，檢查是否有任何可能代表意識的組織性帶電活動跡象。生物倫理學家史蒂芬‧拉譚姆博士是這份研究的共同作者，他指出：「監測過程中並未顯示出任何組織性的整體帶電活動」。 But, he said, the team had been ready for signs of consciousness. “Had that appeared they would have lowered the temperature of the brain and used anesthesia to stop that kind of activity,” said Latham, adding that at present there are no ethics committees set up for such an eventuality, and it remained unclear in any case if the technique could ever restore consciousness. 不過，他也表示，研究團隊已做好準備，面對隨時出現意識的徵兆。拉譚姆博士說：「如果有類似跡象出現，研究人員就會降低腦部溫度，並且用麻醉藥物阻止這類活動。」但他也補充說，目前並沒有為這種可能性成立任何倫理委員會，而且無論如何，該技術是否能夠恢復意識仍然在未定之天。 The team said the approach could provide a new way to study the brain, and even help in the development and testing of new therapies for stroke and other conditions in which bloodflow to parts of the brain is blocked, causing cells to die. 研究團隊表示，這個方法可望提供新的大腦研究方式，甚至有助於開發和測試新療法，治療中風和其他因為大腦部分血流受阻而導致細胞死亡的相關疾病。 Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2019/04/28/2003714163/2 Powered by Firstory Hosting

英語慣用語系列 旅遊相關慣用語 Travel related idioms   To hit the road To hit the road means to start a journey or to leave. It can also be used in normal, daily life when you decide it’s time for you to go home. For example: “We have to be there by 10 am, so we’re hitting the road early tomorrow” or “I’ve been here long enough, it’s time I hit the road”.   To catch the sun This idiom can be used whenever you go to the beach and someone gets sunburnt, so if you know anyone who gets burnt easily don’t miss the opportunity to use it with them! For example: “Be careful you don’t catch too much sun at the beach, remember to put on some sunscreen!”   On a shoestring/ on the cheap This idiom is the complete opposite of the previous one. To do something on a shoestring or on the cheap, it means that you are doing it without spending a lot of money. For example: “I’m going to travel around Europe on a shoestring. I’ll be staying at hostels and buying food in supermarkets”   At the crack of dawn To do something at the crack of dawn means that you’re doing it just as the sun is rising. It means you’re doing it at the earliest possible time. For example: “The plane leaves at 7.30 am, so we have to get up at the crack of dawn to get to the airport on time”.   Off the beaten track If a place or something is off the beaten track, it means that it is far away from where many people live, or in a remote location . For example: “I want to stay on this island all summer because it’s off the beaten track, so there’s not many people here and it’s quiet and peaceful.”   To catch the red-eye When a person says they have to catch the red-eye it means they have to take a plane which is leaving very late at night . For example: “I have to sleep during the day as I’m catching a red-eye tonight”.   慣用語小測驗:   Q1: The explorers have just found a village …………. There weren’t many people living there, and it was quite isolated. To catch the red-eye Off the beaten track At the crack of dawn Q2: I need to ………… now. I have an appointment with the dentist this afternoon. Hit the road Live it up Travel light Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K344: Soap and water kills viruses better than alcohol   During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has been promoting frequent hand washing, so many people carry dry hand sanitizer or alcohol disinfectant around with them. Pulmonologist and critical care medicine physician Ooi Hean says that dry hand sanitizer or 75 percent alcohol cannot take the place of hand washing with soap, because alcohol cannot eliminate all viruses. 在COVID-19大流行期間，政府一直在推廣經常洗手，因此許多人隨身攜帶乾洗手液或酒精消毒劑。肺病學家和重症監護醫生Ooi Hean說，乾洗手液或75%的酒精不能代替用肥皂洗手，因為酒精不能消除所有病毒。 On his Facebook page, Ooi says that alcohol with a concentration of 70 percent to 95 percent can break down the viral membrane of SARS-CoV-2 and render it harmless. He recommends that when you cannot wash your hands properly, you can sanitize them with alcohol, but that does not mean that all viruses and bacteria will disappear by rubbing with 75 percent alcohol. 在他的Facebook頁面上，Ooi說，濃度為70%至95%的酒精可以分解SARS-CoV-2的病毒膜並使其無害。他建議，當你不能正確洗手時，你可以用酒精消毒它們，但這並不意味著所有的病毒和細菌都會通過用75%的酒精擦拭而消失。 Ooi says that enterovirus, norovirus, rhinovirus, poliovirus, hepatitis A virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and human papillomavirus cannot be eliminated by alcohol, and neither can bacteria such as Bacillus or parasites such as Cryptosporidium. Ooi 說，腸道病毒，諾如病毒，鼻病毒，脊髓灰質炎病毒，甲型肝炎病毒，口蹄疫病毒和人瘤病毒不能被酒精消除，細菌如芽孢桿菌或寄生蟲如隱孢子蟲也不能被消除。 He says that “regular hand washing” means washing them with soap and water, which will help you avoid spreading the viruses and bacteria that alcohol cannot eliminate to your family members or other people. Ooi said that rubbing your hands with 75 percent alcohol is only for emergency use when there is no soap available, and it cannot completely replace washing your hands with soap in your daily life. 他說，「定期洗手」意味著用肥皂和水清洗它們，這將有助於你避免將酒精無法消除的病毒和細菌傳播給你的家人或其他人。Ooi說，用75%酒精搓手只有在沒有肥皂可用的情況下才有緊急使用，不能完全取代日常生活中用肥皂洗手。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/03/12/2003774604 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K343: Girls more likely to attribute failure to lack of talent   Across the world, girls are more likely than boys to blame academic failure on a lack of talent, according to a large study on gender stereotypes published Wednesday last week. 根據上周三發表的一項關於性別刻板印象的大型研究，在世界各地，女孩比男孩更有可能將學業失敗歸咎於缺乏才能。 Paradoxically, the idea that males are inherently more brilliant was most entrenched in countries that are more egalitarian. 矛盾的是，男性天生更聰明的想法在更加平等的國家中最為根深蒂固。 Such stereotypes have been explored in the past, but the new work, published in the journal Science Advances, has the advantage of encompassing 500,000 students across the world, making it possible to compare between countries. 這種刻板印象過去曾被探索過，但發表在《科學進展》雜誌上的新工作的優勢在於，全世界有50萬名學生，可以在國家之間進行比較。 It used data from the 2018 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), a study conducted every three years to learn more about the knowledge and skills of 15-year-old students in math, reading, and sciences. 該研究使用了2018年國際學生評估計劃（PISA）的數據，這是一項每三年進行一次的研究，旨在更多地瞭解15歲學生在數學，閱讀和科學方面的知識和技能。 The 2018 survey included the sentence: “When I am failing, I am afraid that I might not have enough talent.” 2018年的調查中有這樣一句話：「當我失敗時，我擔心我可能沒有足夠的天賦。 The result: in 71 of the 72 countries studied, even when performance was equal, girls were more inclined to attribute their failures to a lack of talent than boys, who were likelier to blame external factors. The sole exception was Saudi Arabia. 結果：在所研究的72個國家中，有71個國家，即使表現相同，女孩也比男孩更傾向於將失敗歸因於缺乏才能，男孩更有可能歸咎於外部因素。唯一的例外是沙烏地阿拉伯。 Contrary to what one may expect, the differences were most pronounced in wealthy nations. The less talented that girls believe they are compared to boys, the less confidence they have, the less they enjoy competition, and the less willing they are to work in male-dominated occupations such as information and communication technology. 與人們的預期相反，這種差異在富裕國家最為明顯。女孩認為她們與男孩相比天賦越差，她們的信心就越低，她們就越不喜歡競爭，她們就越不願意從事男性主導的職業，如資訊和通信技術。 The result “suggests that the glass ceiling is unlikely to disappear as countries develop or become more gender-egalitarian,” the authors said in the paper.A proposed solution: “Stop thinking in terms of innate talent,” said study co-author Thomas Breda, of CNRS and the Paris School of Economics. 結果提出，隨著各國的發展或變得更加性別平等，玻璃天花板不太可能消失，"作者在論文中說。 一個建議的解決方案：「停止從天生的天賦的角度思考，」CNRS和巴黎經濟學院的合著者Thomas Breda說。 “Success comes from learning through trial and error. If we deconstruct the concept of pure talent, we will also deconstruct the idea that girls are less naturally endowed with talent than boys.” "成功來自於通過反覆試驗的學習。如果我們解構了純粹天賦的概念，我們也會解構這樣一種觀念，即女孩比男孩更不自然地被賦予天賦。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/03/15/2003774776 Powered by Firstory Hosting

大家敲碗的Vocab正式回歸！新的一季，我們會每週週三準時上架，一樣的進行時事討論，讓大家聽聽最擬真的全英對話，吸收主題相關詞彙用語以及觀點～   Summary:   A recent high school incident went viral on social media and made headlines everywhere. The short clip that went viral showed a female music teacher expressing her disapproval of her student's presentation. In this episode, Angel and I discuss our high school years and how we behaved in class.   Reference article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/03/14/2003774755   Vocabulary:   1.Have/throw a fit 大發脾氣 She'll throw a fit when she sees the mess you've made.她一旦看見你弄的這一團糟會大發脾氣的。 All-boys school 男校 John attended an all-boys primary and an all-boys high school. John老師上了一所全男生的小學和高中 Curriculum 課程 Teachers must follow the curriculum when delivering class content. 教師在上課時必須遵守課程編排   更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab 歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected] 商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected] Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K342: Russia’s invasion is accelerating splinternet, French envoy says   Russia’s war in Ukraine is hastening the arrival of the “splinternet” (also referred to as cyber-balkanization or Internet balkanization), a forced division of cyberspace under the control of competing political blocs, France’s digital affairs envoy, Henri Verdier said. 法國數位事務大使亨利·維迪爾（Henri Verdier）說，俄羅斯在烏克蘭的戰爭加速了"分裂網"（也稱為網路巴爾幹化）的到來，這是在相互競爭的政治集團控制下被迫分裂網路空間。 As Russia accelerates domestic online censorship and Ukraine calls for Russia to be taken offline, Verdier said any transition by Russia to move toward an independent Internet “would have very severe consequences.” He warned that nation-states might be more tempted to launch devastating cyberattacks they were sure they would be insulated from the results. 隨著俄羅斯加速國內在線審查，烏克蘭呼籲俄羅斯下線，Verdier表示，俄羅斯對於網路獨立的任何行為 "都將產生非常嚴重的後果"。他警告說，民族國家可能更傾向於發動毀滅性的網路攻擊，他們確信自己將與結果絕緣。 “Today if I break the Russian Internet, probably I will break my own Internet, because it’s the same,” Verdier said, arguing the shared nature of the World Wide Web protected all users from losing service. "今天，如果我打破了俄羅斯的互聯網，我可能會打破我自己的互聯網，因為它是一樣的，"Verdier說，他認為網際網路的共用性質保護了所有使用者免於失去服務。 “If we have two or three or four Internets, the temptation to disconnect the other will be very high,” warned Verdier, adding that authoritarian countries could try to take democratic countries offline if such mutual dependence were lost. "如果我們有兩個、三個或四個網際網路，斷開彼此的連接的誘惑將非常高，"Verdier警告說，並補充說，如果失去這種相互依賴，威權國家可能會試圖讓民主國家離線。 The comments from Verdier, who visited Washington to discuss the war with his counterparts at the US Department of State, the National Security Council, underscore growing concern that Russia could realize its suspected intention to establish a more “sovereign” Internet. Web policy experts, geopolitical analysts and individual web users in Moscow previously suggested that Russian leadership would use the war to advance such plans. Verdier訪問了華盛頓，與美國國務院國家安全委員會的同行討論戰爭，他的評論突顯了人們越來越擔心俄羅斯可能會實現其建立更"主權"網際網路的可疑意圖。莫斯科的網路政策專家、地緣政治分析人士和個人網路使用者此前曾表示，俄羅斯領導層將利用這場戰爭來推進此類計劃。 Since Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine, Russia has sped up its Internet isolation, increasing domestic online censorship by blocking Meta Inc.’s Facebook and Instagram, and limiting Twitter Inc., for example. Companies such as Apple Inc., Microsoft Corp. and Netflix Inc. have also limited their presence, while some foreign Internet service providers have started to withdraw services. 自莫斯科入侵烏克蘭以來，俄羅斯加快了對網路的孤立，通過阻止Meta Inc.的Facebook和Instagram以及限制Twitter Inc.來增加國內在線審查。蘋果公司（Apple Inc.）、微軟公司（Microsoft Corp.）和Netflix公司（Netflix Inc.）等公司也限制了他們的存在，而一些外國互聯網服務提供者已經開始撤回服務。 Verdier said he was worried by attempts “to weaponize institutional governance of the Internet.” “I feel we could be close to the fragmentation of the Internet,” he said. “My main concern is...will the unique, neutral, multi-stakeholder, free Internet survive this crisis? I’m not sure.” Verdier表示，他對試圖"將網路的治理制度武器化"的企圖感到擔憂。我覺得我們可能接近互聯網的碎片化，"他說：我主要擔心的是...獨特的、中立的、多方利益相關者的、自由的互聯網能否在這場危機中倖存下來？我不確定。 A senior US State Department official said the acceleration toward the splinternet was “everything that Putin has ever wanted,” saying his attempt to establish sovereign boundaries in cyberspace was intended to control his people. “He wanted a new Iron Curtain; that’s what he’s doing. He just found an easy way to do it, where everybody’s helping him.” 美國國務院一名高級官員表示，加速分裂是"普京一直想要的一切"，稱他試圖在網路空間建立主權邊界的目的是控制他的人民。"他想要一個新的鐵幕;這就是他正在做的事情。他只是找到了一個簡單的方法來做到這一點，每個人都在幫助他。 “A lot of authoritarian countries would quite like a ‘Great Firewall of China’ model but didn’t have that foresight; now some are trying to reverse-engineer it,” said Emily Taylor, research associate at the Oxford Internet Institute, referring to Beijing’s extensive ecosystem of controls that block online content. "許多威權主義國家非常喜歡'中國防火牆'模式，但沒有這種遠見;現在有些人正試圖對它進行逆向工程，「牛津網路研究所（Oxford Internet Institute）研究員艾米麗·泰勒（Emily Taylor）說，她指的是北京封鎖在線內容的廣泛控制生態系統。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/03/29/2003775607 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K341: Keelung lures visitors with rainy-day discounts   Keelung is a rainy city, especially this year, but rain is also a selling point for Keelung. The city government has launched a creative marketing campaign called “a date in the rain,” whereby people can enjoy special rainy-day discounts by simply subscribing to the “ting-a-kha” Line instant messenger account. Keelung Mayor Lin Yu-chang invites everyone to savor a special kind of pleasure by sipping coffee on a rainy day. 基隆是一個多雨的城市，尤其是今年，但雨水也是基隆的賣點。市政府發起了一項名為「雨中約會」的創意行銷活動，人們只需訂閱「ting-a-kha」Line即時通訊帳戶即可享受特殊的雨天折扣。基隆市市長林玉昌邀請大家在雨天喝咖啡，享受一種特別的樂趣。 Lin says the “ting-a-kha” Line account is Taiwan’s first creative marketing campaign that takes rainfall as the benchmark for offering discounts, and the more it rains, the bigger the discount. He says the plan has received a good response from a large number of local businesses, including cafes, specialty restaurants and souvenir shops. 林說，「ting-a-kha」Line帳戶是臺灣第一個以降雨為基準提供折扣的創意行銷活動，雨越大，折扣就越大。他說，該計劃得到了大量當地企業的良好回應，包括咖啡館，特色餐廳和紀念品商店。 Lin says the Line account’s name “ting-a-kha” alludes to Keelungers’ habit of drinking coffee in covered walkways, where the romantic view of a rainy street forms a different kind of ambience. By touring Keelung on a rainy day, visitors can soak up this unusual atmosphere and get a discount at the same time. 林說，Line帳戶的名字"ting-a-kha"暗指基隆格人在有蓋人行道上喝咖啡的習慣，在那裡，下雨街道的浪漫景色形成了一種不同的氛圍。在雨天遊覽基隆，遊客可以沉浸在這種不尋常的氛圍中，同時享受折扣。 Director Tanya Tseng of Keelung City Government’s Department of Tourism and City Marketing says that the “ting-a-kha” Line account launched by the city government in cooperation with a local company combines communication software with rainfall data and uses a back-end database and system computing to transmit retailers’ discounts according to the current day’s rainfall, with discounts of up to 15 percent or special offers of free food items, but this kind of discount is not available if you visit on a sunny day. Consumers can simply scan a QR code to keep track of Keelung’s weather and use the “ting-a-kha” functions, she said. 基隆市政府旅遊和城市行銷部主任Tanya Tseng表示，市政府與當地公司合作推出的「ting-a-kha」Line帳戶將通信軟體與降雨量數據相結合，並使用後端資料庫和系統計算根據當天的降雨量傳輸零售商的折扣，折扣高達15%或免費食品的特別優惠， 但是，如果您在陽光明媚的日子里訪問，則無法獲得這種折扣。她說，消費者可以簡單地掃描二維碼來跟蹤基隆的天氣，並使用"ting-a-kha"功能。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/03/19/2003775029 Powered by Firstory Hosting

Topic: Online scammer sold electronic gadgets, sent rotten bananas A man surnamed Fang has been charged with concocting several nicknames to sell consumer electronics goods on social networking platforms concerned with second-hand items such as cellphones and game consoles. After one of his victims remitted payment for a graphics card, the buyer actually received a bunch of bananas, while someone else bought a Sony Playstation 5 game console but instead received tubes of toothpaste. The Kaohsiung City Police Department Criminal Investigation Corps (CIC) set up a task force, which traveled to Yilan County to search premises rented by Fang. Fang vehemently denied any involvement, but his denial was contradicted by evidence provided by the victims and a friend whose account had been used for the transaction. The police transferred him to the Yilan District Prosecutors’ Office on suspicion of fraud and a court granted the prosecutors’ request to hold him in detention. 一名姓方的男子被指控編造多個綽號，在與手機和遊戲機等二手商品有關的社交網絡平台上銷售消費電子產品。在他的一個受害者支付了顯卡費用後，買家實際上收到了一堆香蕉，而其他人購買了索尼 Playstation 5 遊戲機，卻收到了幾管牙膏。高雄市公安局刑偵總隊成立專案組，前往宜蘭縣搜查方某租用的房屋。方極力否認與此事有任何牽連，但他的否認與受害者提供的證據以及賬戶被用於交易的朋友提供的證據相矛盾。警方以涉嫌詐騙罪將他移送宜蘭區檢察院，法院批准了檢察機關拘留他的請求。 Speaking on Feb. 17, a spokesperson for the Kaohsiung CIC’s Eighth Detective Team said that a chip shortage and the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a worldwide shortage of PS5 game consoles, and this has forced people to buy them from second-hand device sales platforms instead, where they may even have to pay more than the recommended retail price. Realizing that many gamers were seeking to buy these devices through certain Facebook groups, 36-year-old Fang cooked up Facebook identities with nicknames like “Chou Chieh-lun,” “Chou Yu-min” and “Yang Lai-kuo” and offered to sell PS5 consoles, hot-selling second-hand cellphones and other consumer electronics goods at 10 percent off the market price. This attracted many people to place orders, but they ended up getting swindled. 2 月 17 日，高雄刑大八組發言人表示，晶片短缺和 COVID-19 大流行導致全球 PS5 遊戲機短缺，這迫使人們從二手設備銷售中購買它們相反，他們甚至可能不得不支付超過建議零售價的費用。意識到許多遊戲玩家正在通過某些 Facebook 群組尋求購買這些設備，36 歲的方方在 Facebook 上編造了“周杰倫”、“周玉敏”和“楊來國”等暱稱，並提供以低於市價 10% 的價格出售 PS5 遊戲機、熱銷的二手手機和其他消費電子產品。這吸引了很多人下訂單，但最終都被騙了。 The CIC estimates that at least 60 people fell victim to this scam between July last year and February this year, and were defrauded by a total of at least NT$1.2 million. Fang denied everything. He said he did not know “Chou Chieh-lun,” “Chou Yu-min” and “Yang Lai-kuo” and claimed that these three Facebook accounts did not belong to him. 刑大估計，去年7月至今年2月間，至少有60人受騙，被騙金額至少新台幣120萬元。方否認一切。他說他不認識“周杰倫”、“周玉敏”和“楊來國”，並聲稱這三個臉書賬號不屬於他。 The police believe that the suspect used this technique not only to evade the law by throwing up a smokescreen of civil disputes, but also to make his victims believe that the items had been mistakenly sent to the wrong recipients. This would make it take longer for his account to be put on a watch list, thus giving him more time to make his ill-gotten gains. After being arrested, Fang claimed that the cellphone was not his, but the police still handed him over to the prosecutors’ office on suspicion of fraud. 警方認為，犯罪嫌疑人利用這種技術不僅通過引發民事糾紛的煙幕來逃避法律，而且還使他的受害者相信這些物品被錯誤地發送給了錯誤的收件人。這將使他的帳戶被列入觀察名單的時間更長，從而使他有更多時間來賺取不義之財。被捕後，方稱手機不是他的，但警方仍以涉嫌詐騙罪將其移交檢察院。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/03/05/2003774192   Next Article   Topic: A Global Effort to Bring Rare Books In Rome to an Online Audience Modern-day church scholars may find the going easier. Some of the texts at the library of the Pontifical Oriental Institute, a graduate school in Rome dedicated to the study of the Eastern branch of Christianity, have just been digitized and will soon be at the fingertips of a global audience. 現代教會學者可能會發現這件事變得更容易。羅馬宗座東方學院（一所致力於研究基督教東方分支的研究生院）圖書館的一些文本剛剛被數位化，很快就會被全球觀眾所接受。 The first digitized versions will be available to the public in mid-2022, the product of a charitable initiative that connected the institute with technology companies in the United States and Germany. 第一批數位化版本將於2022年年中向公眾開放，這是一項慈善活動的產物，該計劃將該研究所與美國和德國的科技公司結合起來。 The companies, said the Rev. David Nazar, the institute’s rector, understood the project's value. Many of the books come from countries such as Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, where turmoil put entire collections at risk. Others come from countries where authoritarian censorship was equally threatening. 該研究所的校長大衛·納扎爾（David Nazar）牧師說，這些公司瞭解該項目的價值。許多書來自敘利亞、黎巴嫩和伊拉克等國，那裡的動盪使整個藏品處於危險之中。其他人則來自威權審查制度同樣具有威脅性的國家。 “We’re not a hospital, we’re not in the fields of Syria,” he said, “but we have students that come from there, who study here because our resources haven’t been destroyed by war.” "我們不是醫院，我們不是在敘利亞的田野裡，"他說，"但我們有來自那裡的學生，他們在這裡學習，因為我們的資源沒有被戰爭摧毀。 Although most of the institute’s titles are not recognizable to the general public, they are precious to scholars. They include volumes such as a Greek first edition of liturgies of John Chrysostom, an early church father, printed in Rome in 1526. 雖然該研究所的大多數頭銜不為公眾所認可，但它們對學者來說卻是珍貴的。它們包括一些卷，例如早期教會父親約翰·克裡斯托姆（John Chrysostom）的希臘語第一版禮儀，於1526年在羅馬印刷。 “The library is unique in the world,” said Gabriel Radle, a professor at the University of Notre Dame who studied at the institute. 曾在該學院研究的聖母大學教授拉德爾說：「這個圖書館在世上獨一無二。」 Its volumes cover the broad gamut that is Eastern Christianity, a term for the traditions and denominations developed in the first centuries of the church in Jerusalem and the Middle East, spreading through Greece, Turkey and Eastern Europe, north to Russia, south to Egypt and Ethiopia, and as far east as India. 它的經典涵蓋了東方基督教的廣泛範圍，東方基督教是耶路撒冷和中東教會最初幾個世紀發展起來的傳統和教派的術語，傳播到希臘，土耳其和東歐，北到俄羅斯，南到埃及和衣索比亞，東到印度。 The first set of books to be digitized were scanned by an eight-member team from a Long Island, New York, company, Seery Systems Group, using scanning technology from SMA of Germany. 第一套數位化的圖書是由紐約長島公司Seery Systems集團一個八人團隊，使用德國SMA公司掃描技術進行掃描。 The digitized books will be managed via ShelterZoom, a New York company. Chao Cheng-Shorland, CEO of ShelterZoom, said she visited the library this past year and got very excited about the project. 數位化書籍將通過紐約公司ShelterZoom進行管理。ShelterZoom首席執行官Chao Cheng-Shorland表示，她去年參觀了圖書館，並對該專案感到非常興奮。 “It’s unique, not just in the technology sense but also in the sense of contributing to such a wonderful piece of history,” she said. "這是獨一無二的，不僅在技術意義上，而且在為這樣一段美好的歷史做出貢獻的意義上，"她說。 Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6076914   Next Article   Topic: Australia battles Big Tech over news revenue-sharing law   Facebook Inc has blocked Australian users from sharing and viewing news content on its popular social media platform, escalating a dispute with the government over paying media publishers for content. 備受歡迎的社群媒體臉書，將其澳洲平台上的新聞內容封鎖，不讓澳洲用戶查看及分享新聞內容。政府要求社群平台刊登新聞內容須付費給新聞發行業者，臉書此舉加劇了與政府間之爭端。 While Big Tech and media outlets have battled over the right to news content in other jurisdictions, Australia’s looming law represents the most expansive reform and is being closely watched around the world. 科技巨頭和媒體業者已在其他司法管轄區互相爭奪使用新聞內容的權利，但澳洲這項山雨欲來的法律代表著層面最廣的改革，全世界都在密切關注。 The so-called Media Bargaining Code has been designed by the government and competition regulator to address a power imbalance between the social media giants and publishers when negotiating payment for news content used on the tech firms’ sites. The proposed legislation has reached a crunch point, with widespread support in parliament, where it is expected to be voted into law within days. 澳洲政府及競爭監管機構規畫了所謂的「媒體議價法令」，以解決社群媒體巨頭與新聞發行業者談判時權力不平衡的問題，促使科技公司為其網站所使用之新聞內容付費。該立法提案已到了關鍵時刻，得到國會的廣泛支持，預計將在未來幾天內表決通過成為法律。 In recent years, traditional media companies operating in Australia have suffered huge hits to income streams, due to dwindling subscriptions and advertising. For every A$100 spent on online advertising in Australia, excluding classifieds, nearly one-third goes to Google and Facebook, the competition regulator has said. 近年來，由於訂戶及廣告量的萎縮，澳洲的傳統媒體公司收入大減。競爭監管機構表示，在澳洲，每一百澳幣的網路廣告費中（不包括分類廣告），有近三分之一是落入谷歌及臉書的口袋。 Facebook said that the law “fundamentally misunderstands” the relationship between itself and publishers and it faced a stark choice of attempting to comply with it or ban news content. It said its platform generates billions of free referrals to Australian publishers worth significant sums to the media companies. 臉書表示，該法律「從根本上誤解了」它與新聞發行業者間之關係，讓臉書面臨困難的選擇——不知該力圖遵循該法律，抑或封鎖新聞內容。臉書表示，其平台為澳洲新聞發行業者免費帶來數十億個推薦連結，這對媒體公司而言是一筆很大的收益。 Alphabet Inc-owned Google, however, has backed down from a threat to withdraw its main search engine from Australia if the laws go ahead, and has instead struck deals with some of the country’s major commercial publishers. They include a global deal with News Corp for an unnamed sum in one of the most extensive deals of its kind with Big Tech. 然而，Alphabet旗下的谷歌已不再威脅說，若該法案通過，便要撤出它在澳洲的主要搜尋引擎，而是與澳洲一些主要商業出版商談好了條件。其中包括與跨國新聞集團News Corp達成的一項全球性的交易，金額不詳，這是此類與科技巨頭所達成規模最大的交易之一。 Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/02/22/2003752624 Powered by Firstory Hosting

胖跟聰明還有什麼說法 Other ways to say fat and smart Other ways to say: FAT Bulky John is a bulky man with balding hair. Heavy He was short and heavy. Plump He's got rather plump since I last saw him Overweight He used to be very overweight. Obese She was not just overweight; she was clinically obese. Chubby Do you think I'm too chubby? Roly-poly He was a roly-poly little man.   Other ways to say: SMART   Clever My sister has always been the clever one in our family. Bright (informal) I was convinced that he was brighter than average. Intelligent Surely an intelligent person like you can deal with this. Brilliant He was a brilliant scientist. Canny He was far too canny to risk giving himself away. Brainy (informal) Sarah is beautiful and brainy. No/nobody's fool Her eyes shone with intelligence: she was nobody's fool.   開口說說故事時間： 用fat 與smart同義字來分享自己/親人/朋友/同事的故事 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K340: In Europe, Doors Shut to Mideast Migrants Are Flung Open for Ukrainians   Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed tens of thousands of people out of their homes and fleeing across borders to escape violence. But unlike the refugees who have flooded Europe in crises over the past decade, they are being welcomed. 俄羅斯對烏克蘭的入侵已將數萬人趕出家園，並越過邊境逃離暴力。但與過去十年來湧入歐洲危機的難民不同，他們受到了歡迎。 Countries that have for years resisted taking in refugees from wars in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan are now opening their doors to Ukrainians as Russian forces carry out a nationwide military assault. More than 2.4 million refugees have left Ukraine, according to United Nations estimates, and at least half of them have crowded onto trains, jammed highways or walked to get across their country’s borders in what officials warn could become the world’s next refugee crisis. 多年來一直拒絕接收來自敘利亞，伊拉克和阿富汗戰爭的難民的國家現在正在向烏克蘭人敞開大門，因為俄羅斯軍隊在全國範圍內進行軍事攻擊。據聯合國估計，已有超過240萬難民離開烏克蘭，其中至少有一半擠在火車上，堵塞高速公路或步行到烏克蘭。越過他們國家的邊界，官員們警告說，這可能成為世界上下一個難民危機。 U.N. and U.S. officials described their concerted diplomatic push for Ukraine’s neighbors and other European nations to respond to the outpouring of need. President Joe Biden “is certainly prepared” to accept refugees from Ukraine, Jen Psaki, the White House press secretary, said Thursday, but she noted that the majority of them would probably choose to remain in Europe so they could more easily return home once the fighting ended. 聯合國和美國官員描述了他們協調一致的外交努力，要求烏克蘭的鄰國和其他歐洲國家應對大量的需求。 白宮新聞秘書珍·普薩基（Jen Psaki）週四表示，總統喬·拜登（Joe Biden）"當然準備"接受來自烏克蘭的難民，但她指出，他們中的大多數人可能會選擇留在歐洲，這樣一旦戰鬥結束，他們就可以更容易地返回家園。 That means thousands will end up in countries led by nationalist governments that in past crises have been reluctant to welcome refugees or even blocked them. 這意味著成千上萬的人最終將進入由民族主義政府領導的國家，這些國家在過去危機中一直不願歡迎難民，甚至不願阻止他們。 In Poland, government officials assisted by American soldiers and diplomats have set up processing centers for Ukrainians. The Polish government is spending hundreds of millions of dollars on a border wall, a project it began after refugees and migrants from the Middle East tried to reach the country last year but ended up marooned in neighboring Belarus. 在波蘭，政府官員在美國士兵和外交官的協助下，為烏克蘭人建立了處理中心。波蘭政府正在花費數億美元修建邊境牆，該專案始於去年來自中東的難民和移民試圖到達該國，但最終被困在鄰國白俄羅斯。 The military in Hungary is allowing in Ukrainians through sections of the border that had been closed. Hungary’s hard-line prime minister, Viktor Orban, has previously called refugees a threat to his country, and his government has been accused of caging and starving them. 匈牙利軍方允許烏克蘭人通過已經關閉的部分邊界。匈牙利強硬派總理維克多·歐爾班（Viktor Orban）此前曾稱難民是對其國家的威脅，他的政府被指控將他們關在籠子里，使他們挨餓。 Farther west, Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer said that “of course we will take in refugees if necessary” in light of the crisis in Ukraine. 在更遠的西部，奧地利總理卡爾·內哈默爾（Karl Nehammer）表示，鑒於烏克蘭的危機，"如有必要，我們當然會接納難民"。 As recently as last fall, when he was serving as interior minister, Nehammer sought to block some Afghans seeking refuge after the Taliban overthrew the government in Kabul. 就在去年秋天，當他擔任內政部長時，內哈默爾試圖阻止一些阿富汗人在塔利班推翻喀布爾政府后尋求庇護。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6158664 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K337: How the Coronavirus Steals the Sense of Smell   Few of COVID-19’s peculiarities have piqued as much interest as anosmia, the abrupt loss of smell that has become a well-known hallmark of the disease. COVID patients lose this sense even without a stuffy nose; the loss can make food taste like cardboard and coffee smell noxious, occasionally persisting after other symptoms have resolved. 很少有COVID-19的特殊性像嗅覺喪失那樣引起人們的興趣，嗅覺喪失已成為該疾病的一個眾所周知的標誌。 即使沒有鼻塞，COVID患者也會失去這種感覺;這種損失會使食物嘗起來像紙板和咖啡一樣有毒，偶爾會在其他癥狀消退後持續存在。 Scientists are now beginning to unravel the biological mechanisms, which have been something of a mystery: The neurons that detect odors lack the receptors that the coronavirus uses to enter cells, prompting a long debate about whether they can be infected at all. 科學家們現在開始解開生物學機制，這一直是一個謎：檢測氣味的神經元缺乏冠狀病毒用來進入細胞的受體，引發了關於它們是否可以被感染的長期爭論。 Insights gleaned from new research could shed new light on how the coronavirus might affect other types of brain cells, leading to conditions like “brain fog,” and possibly help explain the biological mechanisms behind long COVID — symptoms that linger for weeks or months after the initial infection. 從新研究中收集的見解可以揭示冠狀病毒如何影響其他類型的腦細胞，導致"腦霧"等疾病，並可能有助於解釋長期COVID背後的生物學機制 - 這些癥狀在最初感染後持續數周或數月。 The new work, along with earlier studies, settles the debate over whether the coronavirus infects the nerve cells that detect odors: It does not. But the virus does attack other supporting cells that line the nasal cavity, the researchers found. 這項新工作以及早期的研究解決了關於冠狀病毒是否會感染檢測氣味的神經細胞的爭論：它沒有。但研究人員發現，這種病毒確實會攻擊鼻腔內的其他支持細胞。 The infected cells shed virus and die, while immune cells flood the region to fight the virus. The subsequent inflammation wreaks havoc on smell receptors, proteins on the surface of the nerve cells in the nose that detect and transmit information about odors. 受感染的細胞脫落並死亡，而免疫細胞則淹沒該區域以對抗病毒。隨後的炎症對嗅覺受體造成嚴重破壞，嗅覺受體是鼻子神經細胞表面的蛋白質，可以檢測和傳遞有關氣味的資訊。 The process alters the sophisticated organization of genes in those neurons, essentially short-circuiting them, the researchers reported. 研究人員報告說，這個過程改變了這些神經元中基因的複雜組織，基本上使它們短路。 Their paper significantly advances the understanding of how cells critical to the sense of smell are affected by the virus, despite the fact that they are not directly infected, said Dr. Sandeep Robert Datta, an associate professor of neurobiology at Harvard Medical School, who was not involved in the study. 他們的論文顯著推進了對嗅覺至關重要的細胞如何受到病毒影響的理解，儘管它們沒有直接感染，哈佛醫學院神經生物學副教授Sandeep Robert Datta博士說，他沒有參與這項研究。 “It’s clear that indirectly, if you affect the support cells in the nose, lots of bad things happen,” Datta said. “The inflammation in the adjacent cells triggers changes in the sensory neurons that prevent them from working properly.” "很明顯，間接地，如果你影響鼻子中的支持細胞，就會發生很多不好的事情，"達塔說。 "相鄰細胞中的炎症觸發了感覺神經元的變化，使它們無法正常工作。" Indeed, many complications of COVID appear to be caused by the immune system’s friendly fire as it responds to infection by flooding the bloodstream with inflammatory proteins called cytokines. 事實上，COVID的許多併發症似乎是由免疫系統的友好之火引起的，因為它通過用稱為細胞因數的炎症蛋白淹沒血液來應對感染。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6158661 Powered by Firstory Hosting

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K339: About USA - 74% of NYC Voters Say Crime Is a Serious Problem in the City, an All-Time High   As much as 74 percent of voters in New York City say crime is a very serious problem in the city, reaching the highest level since the topic was included in the Quinnipiac University Poll in 1999. 紐約市多達74％的選民表示，犯罪是該市一個非常嚴重的問題，這是自1999年昆尼皮亞克大學民意調查納入該主題以來的最高紀錄。 Crime ranks as the most urgent issue facing New York City, according to the survey. As much as 46 percent of respondents say crime is the most urgent issue facing the mega city making it the top issue while affordable housing and homelessness issues have 14 percent and 9 percent in favor, respectively. 根據這項調查，犯罪是紐約市面臨的最緊迫問題。多達46％的受訪者表示，犯罪是這座巨型城市面臨的最緊迫問題，使其成為首要問題，而負擔得起的住房和無家可歸問題，分別有14％ 和9％ 的受訪者表示認同。 Meanwhile, 43 percent of voters say New York City is less safe compared with other big cities, which is the highest level since the question was first asked by Quinnipiac in 2003. 與此同時，43％的選民表示，相較於其他大城市，紐約市更不安全，這是自2003年昆尼皮亞克大學提出這項問題以來的最高紀錄。   Next Article   堪薩斯州女子在傳統鬆餅賽贏了英格蘭 Kansas woman wins traditional pancake race against England A woman from Liberal, Kansas, is this year’s champion of the traditional Pancake Day Race against women in Olney, England. 一名來自堪薩斯州利伯勒爾的女性，在傳統「鬆餅日大賽」力抗英格蘭奧爾尼女子組，是今年的冠軍。 Whitney Hay won the U.S. leg of the race in Liberal on Tuesday with a time of 1:07. That beat Katie Godof of Olney, England, who ran her race in 1:10. 惠特尼．海伊週二以1分7秒的時間，在利伯勒爾舉行的美國賽程中獲勝。這擊敗了英格蘭奧爾尼的凱蒂．戈多夫，她以1分10秒完賽。 The race returned after a hiatus in 2021 because of the coronavirus pandemic. 這場比賽在2021年因武漢肺炎大流行喊卡之後重新回歸。 Contestants must carry a pancake in a frying pan and flip it at the beginning and end of the 380-meter race. The event began in Olney in the 15th century. In 1950, Liberal challenged Olney to an international competition. 參賽者必須在煎鍋中攜帶煎餅，並在380米比賽的開始和結束時翻轉。該事件始於15世紀的奧爾尼。1950年，Liberal鎮向奧爾尼鎮發起了國際競爭。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1504336 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1503943 Powered by Firstory Hosting