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Freakonomics Radio Podcast: all episodes' AI transcripts and summaries

· 74 min read

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Podcast: Freakonomics Radio​

Freakonomics Radio

Description: Freakonomics co-author Stephen J. Dubner uncovers the hidden side of everything. Why is it safer to fly in an airplane than drive a car? How do we decide whom to marry? Why is the media so full of bad news? Also: things you never knew you wanted to know about wolves, bananas, pollution, search engines, and the quirks of human behavior.

To get every show in our network without ads and a monthly bonus episode of Freakonomics Radio, sign up for SiriusXM Podcasts+ on Apple Podcasts at http://apple.co/SiriusXM.

Category: Society & Culture

All Episodes​

Your Brain Doesn’t Work the Way You Think AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 48 min read

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Episode: Your Brain Doesn’t Work the Way You Think​

Your Brain Doesn’t Work the Way You Think

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:47:53

Episode Shownotes​

David Eagleman upends myths and describes the vast possibilities of a brainscape that even neuroscientists are only beginning to understand. Steve Levitt interviews him in this special episode of People I (Mostly) Admire. SOURCES:David Eagleman, professor of cognitive neuroscience at Stanford University and C.E.O. of Neosensory. RESOURCES:Livewired: The Inside Story

of the Ever-Changing Brain, by David Eagleman (2020)."Why Do We Dream? A New Theory on How It Protects Our Brains," by David Eagleman and Don Vaughn (TIME, 2020)."Prevalence of Learned Grapheme-Color Pairings in a Large Online Sample of Synesthetes," by Nathan Witthoft, Jonathan Winawer, and David Eagleman (PLoS One, 2015).Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives, by David Eagleman (2009).The vOICe app.Neosensory. EXTRAS:"Feeling Sound and Hearing Color," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024)."What’s Impacting American Workers?" by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024)."This Is Your Brain on Podcasts," by Freakonomics Radio (2016).

Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_01
Hey there, it's Stephen Duvner. Today, a holiday treat, a bonus episode from People I Mostly Admire, one of the other shows we make here at the Freakonomics Radio Network.

616. How to Make Something from Nothing AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 46 min read

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Episode: 616. How to Make Something from Nothing​

616. How to Make Something from Nothing

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:48:12

Episode Shownotes​

Adam Moss was the best magazine editor of his generation. When he retired, he took up painting. But he wasn’t very good, and that made him sad. So he wrote a book about how creative people work— and, in the process, he made himself happy again. SOURCE:Adam Moss, magazine editor

and author. RESOURCES:The Work of Art: How Something Comes from Nothing, by Adam Moss (2024)."Goodbye, New York. Adam Moss Is Leaving the Magazine He Has Edited for 15 Years," by Michael M. Grynbaum (The New York Times, 2019).Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat: Mastering the Elements of Good Cooking, by Samin Nosrat (2017). EXTRAS:"David Simon Is On Strike. Here’s Why," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2023)."Samin Nosrat Always Wanted to Be Famous," by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."What’s Wrong with Being a One-Hit Wonder?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).

Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_03
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner, and I would like to remind you about two live shows that we are putting on soon. The first one is on January 3rd in San Francisco. The second is in Los Angeles on February 13th.

615. Is Ozempic as Magical as It Sounds? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 51 min read

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Episode: 615. Is Ozempic as Magical as It Sounds?​

615. Is Ozempic as Magical as It Sounds?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:56:49

Episode Shownotes​

In a wide-ranging conversation with Ezekiel Emanuel, the policymaking physician and medical gadfly, we discuss the massive effects of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro. We also talk about the state of cancer care, mysteries in the gut microbiome, flaws in the U.S. healthcare system — and what a

second Trump term means for healthcare policy. SOURCES:Ezekiel Emanuel, vice provost for Global Initiatives, co-director of the Health Transformation Institute, and professor at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. RESOURCES:"Obesity Drugs Would Be Covered by Medicare and Medicaid Under Biden Proposal," by Margot Sanger-Katz (The New York Times, 2024)."International Coverage of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Review and Ethical Analysis of Discordant Approaches," by Johan L. Dellgren, and Govind Persad, and Ezekiel J. Emanuel (The Lancet, 2024).The Coming Wave: Technology, Power, and the Twenty-first Century's Greatest Dilemma, by Mustafa Suleyman (2023)."The Significance of Blockbusters in the Pharmaceutical Industry," by Alexander Schuhmacher, Markus Hinder, Nikolaj Boger, Dominik Hartl, and Oliver Gassmann (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2022).Reinventing American Health Care: How the Affordable Care Act Will Improve Our Terribly Complex, Blatantly Unjust, Outrageously Expensive, Grossly Inefficient, Error Prone System, by Ezekiel J. Emanuel (2014)."Why I Hope to Die at 75," by Ezekiel J. Emanuel (The Atlantic, 2014)."Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals," by Ziad F. Gellad and Kenneth W. Lyles (The American Journal of Medicine, 2014).Brothers Emanuel: A Memoir of an American Family, by Ezekiel J. Emanuel (2013)."Bounds in Competing Risks Models and the War on Cancer," by Bo E. Honoré and Adriana Lleras-Muney (Econometrica, 2006). EXTRAS:"How to Fix Medical Research," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024)."The Suddenly Diplomatic Rahm Emanuel," by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."Ari Emanuel Is Never Indifferent," by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."Who Pays for Multimillion-Dollar Miracle Cures?" by Freakonomics, M.D. (2023)."Who Gets the Ventilator?" by Freakonomics Radio (2020).

Full Transcript​

00:00:02 Speaker_01
The United States is one of just two countries that allow pharmaceutical firms to freely advertise their products directly to consumers. The other is New Zealand.

How the Supermarket Helped America Win the Cold War (Update) AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 32 min read

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Episode: How the Supermarket Helped America Win the Cold War (Update)​

How the Supermarket Helped America Win the Cold War (Update)

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:38:53

Episode Shownotes​

Last week, we heard a former U.S. ambassador describe Russia’s escalating conflict with the U.S. Today, we revisit a 2019 episode about an overlooked front in the Cold War — a “farms race” that, decades later, still influences what Americans eat. SOURCES:Anne Effland, former Senior Economist for the Office of

Chief Economist in the U.S.D.A.Shane Hamilton, historian at the University of York.Peter Timmer, economist and former professor at Harvard University.Audra Wolfe, writer, editor, and historian. RESOURCES:Freedom’s Laboratory: The Cold War Struggle for the Soul of Science, by Audra Wolfe (2018).Supermarket USA: Food and Power in The Cold War Farms Race, by Shane Hamilton (2018).“Association of Higher Consumption of Foods Derived From Subsidized Commodities With Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Adults,” by Karen R. Siegel, Kai McKeever Bullard, K. M. Narayan, et al. (JAMA Internal Medicine, 2016).The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War, by Robert J. Gordon (2016).“How the Mechanical Tomato Harvester Prompted the Food Movement,” by Ildi Carlisle-Cummins (UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences Newsletter, 2015). EXTRAS:"Is the U.S. Sleeping on Threats from Russia and China?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, Stephen J. Dubner revisits the Cold War’s agricultural rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, known as the 'farms race.' He highlights how advancements in farming techniques, such as the 'Chicken of Tomorrow' initiative, became tools of U.S. propaganda to showcase American abundance. Experts discuss how the competition influenced agricultural policies and economic outcomes, ultimately giving the U.S. an edge. The episode critically examines the consequences of such policies, including standardization in food production and the health implications of U.S. diets driven by government subsidies.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_06
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner with a bonus episode of Freakonomics Radio. Our most recent regular episode was an interview with John Sullivan, a former U.S. ambassador to Russia.

614. Is the U.S. Sleeping on Threats from Russia and China? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 42 min read

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Episode: 614. Is the U.S. Sleeping on Threats from Russia and China?​

614. Is the U.S. Sleeping on Threats from Russia and China?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:51:24

Episode Shownotes​

John J. Sullivan, a former State Department official and U.S. ambassador, says yes: “Our politicians aren’t leading — Republicans or Democrats.” He gives a firsthand account of a fateful Biden-Putin encounter, talks about his new book Midnight in Moscow, and predicts what a second Trump term means for Russia, Ukraine,

China — and the U.S. SOURCES:John Sullivan, former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State and former U.S. Ambassador to Russia. RESOURCES:Midnight in Moscow: A Memoir from the Front Lines of Russia's War Against the West, by John Sullivan (2024)."The ‘Deathonomics’ Powering Russia’s War Machine," by Georgi Kantchev and Matthew Luxmoore (The Wall Street Journal, 2024).War, by Bob Woodward (2024)."On the Record: The U.S. Administration’s Actions on Russia," by Alina Polyakova and Filippos Letsas (Brookings, 2019)."Why Economic Sanctions Still Do Not Work," by Robert A. Pape (International Security, 1998). EXTRAS:"The Suddenly Diplomatic Rahm Emanuel," by Freakonomics Radio (2023).

Summary​

In this episode, John J. Sullivan discusses the threats posed by Russia and China, emphasizing inadequacies in U.S. foreign policy responses. He reflects on a pivotal Biden-Putin meeting, where Biden's approach may have signaled weakness, potentially influencing Putin's actions in Ukraine. Sullivan highlights the effectiveness of economic sanctions and warns of the dire consequences of underestimating adversaries. He also speculates on the implications of a second Trump term for U.S. foreign policy and stresses the need for urgent reassessment of American strategies in light of global security threats.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_02
Hey there, it's Stephen W. Before we get to our episode, I'd like to invite you to come see Freakonomics Radio live. I will be in San Francisco on January 3rd and in Los Angeles on February 13th. For tickets, go to freakonomics.com slash live shows.

613. Dying Is Easy. Retail Is Hard. AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 54 min read

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Episode: 613. Dying Is Easy. Retail Is Hard.​

613. Dying Is Easy. Retail Is Hard.

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 01:01:34

Episode Shownotes​

Macy’s wants to recapture its glorious past. The author of the Wimpy Kid books wants to rebuild his dilapidated hometown. We just want to listen in. (Part two of a two-part series.) SOURCES:Mark Cohen, former professor and director of retail studies at Columbia Business School.Will Coss, vice president and executive

producer of Macy’s Studios.Jeff Kinney, author, cartoonist, and owner of An Unlikely Story Bookstore and Café.Tony Spring, chairman and C.E.O. of Macy’s Inc. RESOURCES:"Macy’s Discovers Employee Hid Millions in Delivery Expenses," by Jordyn Holman and Danielle Kaye (The New York Times, 2024)."NBC Ready to Pay Triple to Gobble Up Thanksgiving Parade Broadcast Rights," by Joe Flint (The Wall Street Journal, 2024)."How Macy’s Set Out to Conquer the Department Store Business — and Lost," by Daphne Howland (Retail Dive, 2022).An Unlikely Story Bookstore and Café. EXTRA:"Can the Macy's Parade Save Macy's?" series by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

Summary​

In episode 613 of Freakonomics Radio, titled 'Dying Is Easy. Retail Is Hard,' host Stephen J. Dubner examines Macy's struggles in a competitive retail landscape. With insights from Tony Spring, CEO of Macy's, and Mark Cohen, former director of retail studies, the episode discusses Macy's attempts to innovate and enhance customer experiences while assessing the profitability of events like the Thanksgiving Parade. The episode highlights Macy's strategic moves, including closing large stores, revamping merchandise, and the importance of community engagement for revitalization amidst ongoing retail disruption.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_08
On Thanksgiving morning, roughly 30 million people will catch at least some of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on TV. For a lot of them, it wouldn't feel like Thanksgiving without the parade.

612. Is Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade Its Most Valuable Asset? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 48 min read

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Episode: 612. Is Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade Its Most Valuable Asset?​

612. Is Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade Its Most Valuable Asset?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:53:18

Episode Shownotes​

The 166-year-old chain, which is fighting extinction, calls the parade its “gift to the nation.” With 30 million TV viewers, it’s also a big moneymaker. At least we think it is — Macy’s is famously tight-lipped about parade economics. We try to loosen them up. (Part one of a two-part

series.)Please take our audience survey at freakonomics.com/survey. SOURCES:John Cheney, carpenter at Macy’s Studios.Will Coss, vice president and executive producer of Macy’s Studios.Jeff Kinney, author, cartoonist, and owner of An Unlikely Story Bookstore and Café.Kevin Lynch, vice president of global helium at Messer.Jen Neal, executive vice president of live events and specials for NBCUniversal EntertainmentTony Spring, chairman and C.E.O. of Macy's Inc.Jessica Tisch, commissioner of the New York City Department of Sanitation; incoming commissioner of the New York City Police Department.Dawn Tolson, executive director of Citywide Event Coordination and Management and the Street Activity Permit Office for the City of New York. RESOURCES:Macy's: The Store. The Star. The Story., by Robert M. Grippo (2009).History of Macy's of New York, 1853-1919: Chapters in the Evolution of the Department Store, by Ralph M. Hower (1943).Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. EXTRA:The Economics of Everyday Things.

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, co-hosted by Stephen J. Dubner, the focus is on the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, a cherished American tradition attracting nearly 30 million viewers. The complexities of its production, which spans 18 months and involves significant costs kept under wraps by Macy's, are explored. The parade is not only a cultural event but also a vital marketing platform, generating substantial ad revenue. Discussion includes the significance of iconic balloons, brand collaborations, and the partnership with New York City, showcasing the deeper relationship between the parade's cultural impact and Macy's branding efforts amidst retail challenges.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_12
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner with a quick word before today's episode. We have a new listener survey that I would love you to take if you have the time and the interest. We are always trying to get better around here and feedback helps.

How to Stop Worrying and Love the Robot Apocalypse (Update) AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 44 min read

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Episode: How to Stop Worrying and Love the Robot Apocalypse (Update)​

How to Stop Worrying and Love the Robot Apocalypse (Update)

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:48:36

Episode Shownotes​

It’s true that robots (and other smart technologies) will kill many jobs. It may also be true that newer collaborative robots (“cobots”) will totally reinvigorate how work gets done. That, at least, is what the economists are telling us. Should we believe them? SOURCES:David Autor, professor of economics at the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.James Rosenman, C.E.O. of Andrus on Hudson senior care community.Karen Eggleston, economist at Stanford University.Yong Suk Lee, professor of technology, economy, and global affairs at the University of Notre Dame. RESOURCES:"Robots and Labor in Nursing Homes," by Yong Suk Lee, Toshiaki Iizuka, and Karen Eggleston (NBER Working Paper, 2024)."Global Robotics Race: Korea, Singapore and Germany in the Lead," by International Federation of Robotics (2024)."Unmet Need for Equipment to Help With Bathing and Toileting Among Older US Adults," by Kenneth Lam, Ying Shi, John Boscardin, and Kenneth E. Covinsky (JAMA Internal Medicine, 2021)."Robots and Labor in the Service Sector: Evidence from Nursing Homes," by Karen Eggleston, Yong Suk Lee, and Toshiaki Iizuka (NBER Working Papers, 2021).The Work of the Future: Building Better Jobs in an Age of Intelligent Machines, by David Autor, David Mindell, Elisabeth Reynolds, and the MIT Task Force on the Work of the Future (2020)."Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets," by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo (University of Chicago Press, 2020)."The Slowdown in Productivity Growth and Policies That Can Restore It," by Emily Moss, Ryan Nunn, and Jay Shambaugh (The Hamilton Project, 2020)."The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade," by David H. Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon H. Hanson (NBER Working Papers, 2016)."Deregulation at Heart of Japan's New Robotics Revolution," by Sophie Knight and Kaori Kaneko (Reuters, 2014). EXTRAS:"What Do People Do All Day?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Did China Eat America’s Jobs?" by Freakonomics Radio (2017).

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, the discussion revolves around the impact of robots and automation on the job market. David Autor highlights that while technology may eliminate some low-wage jobs, it simultaneously creates new opportunities for higher-skilled workers. The conversation emphasizes historical context, showing that fears of technology leading to job loss are often overstated. Insights from experts, including James Rosenman, illustrate that collaborative robots ('cobots') can enhance productivity in sectors like healthcare without reducing employment. Research indicates that automation in nursing homes can complement human labor and improve patient care, raising crucial discussions on the evolving dynamics between technology and the workforce.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:03 Speaker_06
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner, and this is a bonus episode of Freakonomics Radio. In 2021, we put out an episode about the future of robots in the workforce.

611. Fareed Zakaria on What Just Happened, and What Comes Next AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 54 min read

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Episode: 611. Fareed Zakaria on What Just Happened, and What Comes Next​

611. Fareed Zakaria on What Just Happened, and What Comes Next

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:59:13

Episode Shownotes​

After a dramatic election, Donald Trump has returned from exile. We hear what to expect at home and abroad — and what to do if you didn’t vote for Trump. SOURCE:Fareed Zakaria, journalist and author. RESOURCES:"The Most Dangerous Moment Since the Cold War," by Fareed Zakaria (The Washington Post, 2024)."America’s

Failed Approach to Iran Can’t Really Be Called a Strategy," by Fareed Zakaria (The Washington Post, 2024).Age of Revolutions: Progress and Backlash from 1600 to the Present, by Fareed Zakaria (2024). EXTRAS:"Are We Living Through the Most Revolutionary Period in History?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Are Private Equity Firms Plundering the U.S. Economy?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, journalist Fareed Zakaria analyzes the implications of Donald Trump's return to the political stage following the recent election. He discusses the backlash against modern societal changes and the polarization of U.S. politics, particularly the divide between urban and rural voters. Zakaria critiques the handling of immigration and emphasizes the rising ideological priorities within the Republican Party, along with the potential geopolitical ramifications of a second Trump term. He also stresses the importance of civic engagement amid concerns for American democracy and international order.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:05 Speaker_01
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner, and I would like to invite you to come see Freakonomics Radio live in San Francisco on January 3rd and in Los Angeles on February 13th. For tickets, go to freakonomics.com slash live shows, one word.

610. Who Wins and Who Loses Once the U.S. Legalizes Weed? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 40 min read

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Episode: 610. Who Wins and Who Loses Once the U.S. Legalizes Weed?​

610. Who Wins and Who Loses Once the U.S. Legalizes Weed?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:43:21

Episode Shownotes​

Some people want the new cannabis economy to look like the craft-beer movement. Others are hoping to build the Amazon of pot. And one expert would prefer a government-run monopoly. We listen in as they fight it out. (Part four of a four-part series.) SOURCES:Jon Caulkins, professor of operations research

and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University.Adam Goers, senior vice president of The Cannabist Company and chairperson of the Coalition for Cannabis Scheduling Reform.Yasmin Hurd, director of the Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai.Jared Polis, governor of Colorado.Ryan Stoa, associate professor of law at Louisiana State University. RESOURCES:"Prevalence of and Trends in Current Cannabis Use Among U.S. Youth and Adults, 2013–2022," by Delvon T. Mattingly, Maggie K. Richardson, and Joy L. Hart (Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, 2024)."Colorado’s Weed Market Is Coming Down Hard and It’s Making Other States Nervous," by Mona Zhang (Politico, 2024)."Reducing Alcohol Consumption, the Nordic Way: Alcohol Monopolies, Marketing Bans and Higher Taxation," by the World Health Organization (2023)."Economic Benefits and Social Costs of Legalizing Recreational Marijuana," by Jason P. Brown, Elior Cohen, and Alison Felix (Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Research Working Paper, 2023)."Competition in the Markets for Beer, Wine, and Spirits," by the United States Department of the Treasury (2022)."Alcohol Monopolies," by Robin Room (Scottish Health Action on Alcohol Problems, 2021)."Craft Beer Is the Strangest, Happiest Economic Story in America," by Derek Thompson (The Atlantic, 2018)."Marijuana Discontinuation, Anxiety Symptoms, and Relapse to Marijuana," by Marcel O. Bonn-Miller and Rudolf H. Moos (Addictive Behaviors, 2009). EXTRAS:"Is America Switching from Booze to Weed?" series by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Why Do Your Eyeglasses Cost $1,000?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Should You Trust Private Equity to Take Care of Your Dog?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."Is Dialysis a Test Case of Medicare for All?" by Freakonomics Radio (2021).

Full Transcript​

00:00:05 Speaker_06
In the recent election, it seemed as though the two parties disagreed on just about everything. Economic policies and tax policies, immigration and abortion, the wars in Russia and the Middle East, even garbage.

609. What Does It Take to Run a Cannabis Farm? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 39 min read

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Episode: 609. What Does It Take to Run a Cannabis Farm?​

609. What Does It Take to Run a Cannabis Farm?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:40:16

Episode Shownotes​

Chris Weld worked for years in emergency rooms, then ditched that career and bought an old farm in Massachusetts. He set up a distillery and started making prize-winning spirits. When cannabis was legalized, he jumped into that too — and the first few years were lucrative. But now? It turns

out that growing, processing, and selling weed is more complicated than it looks. He gave us the grand tour. (Part three of a four-part series.) SOURCES:Chris Bennett, operations manager at Berkshire Mountain Distillers.Luca Boldrini, head of cultivation at The Pass.Yasmin Hurd, director of the Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai.Chris Weld, founder and owner of Berkshire Mountain Distillers. RESOURCES:"As America’s Marijuana Use Grows, So Do the Harms," by Megan Twohey, Danielle Ivory, and Carson Kessler (The New York Times, 2024)."Evaluation of Dispensaries’ Cannabis Flowers for Accuracy of Labeling of Cannabinoids Content," by Mona M. Geweda, Chandrani G. Majumdar, Mahmoud A. ElSohly, et al. (Journal of Cannabis Research, 2024)."The Complicated, Risky — but Potentially Lucrative — Business of Selling Cannabis," by James R. Hagerty (The Wall Street Journal, 2023)."Marijuana Content Labels Can’t Be Trusted," by Shira Schoenberg (CommonWealth Beacon, 2022)."Growing Cannabis Indoors Produces a Lot of Greenhouse Gases — Just How Much Depends on Where It’s Grown," by Jason Quinn and Hailey Summers (The Conversation, 2021)."Blood and Urinary Metal Levels Among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005-2018)," by Katlyn E. McGraw, Anne E, Nigra, Tiffany R. Sanchez, et al. (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2018)."The Carbon Footprint of Indoor Cannabis Production," by Evan Mills (Energy Policy, 2012). EXTRAS:"Cannabis Is Booming, So Why Isn’t Anyone Getting Rich?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Is America Switching From Booze to Weed?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, host Stephen Dubner delves into the life of Chris Weld, a Massachusetts cannabis farmer who transitioned from emergency medicine. Weld discusses the complexities of operating a cannabis farm, particularly in light of the evolving market and consumer behavior shifting from alcohol to cannabis. He addresses challenges like indoor cultivation, federal regulations, market saturation, and the increasing potency of cannabis products. Insights from addiction expert Yasmin Hurd highlight public health concerns regarding rapid legalization and insufficient research into the impacts of high-THC products. The episode sheds light on the intricate balance of growing cannabis amidst a chaotic industry landscape.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:03 Speaker_05
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner. Before we start today's episode, I have something to tell you. We are doing two live Freakonomics Radio shows on January 3rd in San Francisco and on February 13th in Los Angeles.

Abortion and Crime, Revisited (Update) AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 49 min read

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Episode: Abortion and Crime, Revisited (Update)​

Abortion and Crime, Revisited (Update)

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:54:46

Episode Shownotes​

With abortion on the Nov. 5 ballot, we look back at Steve Levitt’s controversial research about an unintended consequence of Roe v. Wade. SOURCES:John Donohue, professor of law at Stanford Law School.Steve Levitt, professor emeritus of economics at the University of Chicago and host of People I (Mostly) Admire.Jessica Wolpaw

Reyes, professor of economics at Amherst College. RESOURCES:“The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime Over the Last Two Decades,” by John J. Donohue and Steven D. Levitt (The National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019).“The Demise of the Death Penalty in Connecticut,” by John J. Donohue (Stanford Law School Legal Aggregate, 2016).“Environmental Policy as Social Policy? The Impact of Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime,” by Jessica Wolpaw Reyes (The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2007).“The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime,” by John J. Donohue and Steven D. Levitt (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001).“State Abortion Rates: The Impact of Policies, Providers, Politics, Demographics, and Economic Environment,” by Rebecca M. Blank, Christine C. George, and Rebecca A. London (The National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994). EXTRAS:"John Donohue: 'I’m Frequently Called a Treasonous Enemy of the Constitution,'" by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021).

Summary​

In 'Abortion and Crime, Revisited (Update)', Stephen J. Dubner revisits the ramifications of the Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade. The episode discusses the link between legalized abortion and crime rates, emphasizing studies by Levitt and Donohue that suggest legalized abortion significantly reduced the number of unwanted children and, consequently, lowered crime rates. The role of lead exposure on criminality is also examined, revealing a multifaceted relationship where both factors contribute to the decline in crime. Ultimately, the episode advocates for child welfare policies that ensure children are wanted rather than using research findings to dictate abortion policy stances.

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00:00:03 Speaker_05
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner. Two years ago, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Roe v. Wade, the court's 1973 ruling that made abortion legal throughout the U.S. With this new ruling, the legality of abortion was kicked back to the states.

608. Cannabis Is Booming, So Why Isn’t Anyone Getting Rich? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 47 min read

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Episode: 608. Cannabis Is Booming, So Why Isn’t Anyone Getting Rich?​

608. Cannabis Is Booming, So Why Isn’t Anyone Getting Rich?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:50:50

Episode Shownotes​

There are a lot of reasons, including heavy regulations, high taxes, and competition from illegal weed shops. Most operators are losing money and waiting for Washington to get out of the way. In the meantime, it’s not that easy being green. (Part two of a four-part series.) SOURCES:Jon Caulkins, professor

of operations research and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University.Adam Goers, senior vice president of The Cannabist Company and chairperson of the Coalition for Cannabis Scheduling Reform.Precious Osagie-Erese, founder and C.E.O. of Precious Canna Co.Nikesh Patel, C.E.O. of Mammoth Distribution.Nikesh Patel, director of the San Francisco Office of Cannabis.Tom Standage, deputy editor of The Economist. RESOURCES:"Most Americans Favor Legalizing Marijuana for Medical, Recreational Use," (Pew Research Center, 2024)."Whitney Economics U.S. Legal Cannabis Forecast - 2024 - 2035," by Beau Whitney (Whitney Economics, 2024)."Beer Sellers Use a Loophole to Break Into Weed Drinks Market," by Redd Brown (Bloomberg, 2024)."Cannabis Producer Seeks Boston Beer Merger," by Lauren Thomas (The Wall Street Journal, 2024)."California's 'Apple Store of Weed' Declares Bankruptcy With $410M in Debt," by Lester Black (SFGate, 2024)."Is the State Democratic Chair Influencing Who Can Sell Legal Weed in this N.J. City?" by Jelani Gibson (NJ.com, 2023)."When Prohibition Works: Comparing Fireworks and Cannabis Regulations, Markets, and Harms," by Jonathan P. Caulkins and Kristina Vaia Reimer (International Journal of Drug Policy, 2023)."Did Minnesota Accidentally Legalize Weed?" by Paul Demko (Politico, 2022). EXTRAS:"Is America Switching From Booze to Weed?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."The Economics of Sports Gambling," by Freakonomics Radio (2019).

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, Stephen J. Dubner investigates the complicated dynamics of the burgeoning U.S. cannabis industry, which has seen over $30 billion in sales and half a million jobs. Despite the rapid push for legalization and increasing public support, legal operators face several challenges such as high taxes, federal illegality, and competition from illegal markets. With operators struggling for profitability due to strict regulations and the complexities of accessing finance, only a small percentage remain in the black. Insights from experts highlight the ongoing struggles and potential shifts as the market adapts.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:03 Speaker_07
So how quickly did the U.S. change its mind on cannabis? Here is Ronald Reagan when he was running for president in 1980.

607. Is America Switching From Booze to Weed? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 41 min read

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Episode: 607. Is America Switching From Booze to Weed?​

607. Is America Switching From Booze to Weed?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:46:08

Episode Shownotes​

We have always been a nation of drinkers — but now there are more daily users of cannabis than alcohol. Considering alcohol’s harms, maybe that’s a good thing. But some people worry that the legalization of cannabis has outpaced the research. (Part one of a four-part series.) SOURCES:Jon Caulkins, professor

of operations research and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University.Yasmin Hurd, director of the Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai.Michael Siegel, professor of public health and community medicine at Tufts University.Tom Standage, deputy editor of The Economist.Ryan Stoa, associate professor of law at Louisiana State University. RESOURCES:"Cannabis Tops Alcohol as Americans’ Daily Drug of Choice," by Christina Caron (The New York Times, 2024)."Deaths from Excessive Alcohol Use — United States, 2016–2021," by Marissa B. Esser, Adam Sherk, Yong Liu, and Timothy S. Naimi (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2024)."Nixon Started the War on Drugs. Privately, He Said Pot Was ‘Not Particularly Dangerous,'" by Ernesto Londoño (The New York Times, 2024)."A Brief Global History of the War on Cannabis," by Ryan Stoa (The MIT Press Reader, 2020).Craft Weed: Family Farming and the Future of the Marijuana Industry, by Ryan Stoa (2018)."How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to Fat," by Anahad O’Connor (The New York Times, 2016)."The Perils of Ignoring History: Big Tobacco Played Dirty and Millions Died. How Similar Is Big Food?" by Kelly D. Brownell and Kenneth E. Warner (The Milbank Quarterly, 2009).A History Of The World In Six Glasses, by Tom Standage (2005)."Cancer and Coronary Artery Disease Among Seventh-Day Adventists," by E. L. Wynder, F. R. Lemon, and I. J. Bross (Cancer, 1959). EXTRAS:"Why Is the Opioid Epidemic Still Raging?" series by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Daron Acemoglu on Economics, Politics, and Power," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024)."Let’s Be Blunt: Marijuana Is a Boon for Older Workers," by Freakonomics Radio (2021)."What’s More Dangerous: Marijuana or Alcohol?" by Freakonomics Radio (2014).

Summary​

In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, co-author Stephen J. Dubner examines a significant cultural shift in the U.S. as cannabis usage surpasses alcohol in daily consumers. The emerging preference for cannabis raises discussions about its medicinal benefits compared to the known harms of alcohol, which causes over 100,000 deaths annually. Experts highlight the need for further research on cannabis as legalization expands, questioning whether it can effectively replace alcohol as a social lubricant. This episode is the first in a series exploring this major transition in American consumption habits.

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00:00:04 Speaker_06
On a recent Monday morning, we found ourselves up in the Berkshire Mountains in the town of Sheffield, Massachusetts. There is a dark gray building with a big front porch right on Route 7. It is home to a retail shop called The Pass.

606. How to Predict the Presidency AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 51 min read

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Episode: 606. How to Predict the Presidency​

606. How to Predict the Presidency

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:55:38

Episode Shownotes​

Are betting markets more accurate than polls? What kind of chaos would a second Trump term bring? And is U.S. democracy really in danger, or just “sputtering on”? (Part two of a two-part series.) SOURCES:Eric Posner, professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School.Koleman Strumpf, professor of economics

at Wake Forest University. RESOURCES:"A Trump Dictatorship Won’t Happen," by Eric Posner (Project Syndicate, 2023).The Demagogue's Playbook: The Battle for American Democracy from the Founders to Trump, by Eric Posner (2020)."The Long History of Political Betting Markets: An International Perspective," by Paul W. Rhode and Koleman Strumpf (The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Gambling, 2013)."Manipulating Political Stock Markets: A Field Experiment and a Century of Observational Data," by Paul W. Rhode and Koleman S. Strumpf (Working Paper, 2007)."Historical Presidential Betting Markets," by Paul W. Rhode and Koleman S. Strumpf (Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004). EXTRAS:"Has the U.S. Presidency Become a Dictatorship? (Update)," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).“Does the President Matter as Much as You Think?” by Freakonomics Radio (2020)."How Much Does the President Really Matter?" by Freakonomics Radio (2010).

Summary​

In the latest episode of 'Freakonomics Radio,' titled 'How to Predict the Presidency,' the discussion centers on the growing power of the U.S. presidency and its implications, with insights from Eric Posner and Koleman Strumpf. The episode critiques the Trump administration's ineffective use of presidential power compared to Biden's achievements. It examines the role of demagogues in democracies and evaluates the U.S. primary system's impact on governance. The conversation highlights concerns about potential chaos in a second Trump term, with a focus on legal challenges and the Supreme Court's decision on presidential immunity. The effectiveness of political betting markets is also explored, providing a historical overview of their role in forecasting election outcomes.

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00:00:04 Speaker_03
In our previous episode, we had a wide-ranging conversation about presidential history and presidential power with the University of Chicago legal scholar Eric Posner.

Has the U.S. Presidency Become a Dictatorship? (Update) AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 42 min read

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Episode: Has the U.S. Presidency Become a Dictatorship? (Update)​

Has the U.S. Presidency Become a Dictatorship? (Update)

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:46:59

Episode Shownotes​

Sure, we all pay lip service to the Madisonian system of checks and balances. But presidents have been steadily expanding the reach of the job. With an election around the corner, we updated our 2016 conversation with the legal scholar Eric Posner — who has some good news and some

not-so-good news about the power of the presidency. (Part one of a two-part series.) SOURCE:Eric Posner, professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School. RESOURCES:"Presidential Leadership and the Separation of Powers," by Eric Posner (Daedalus, 2016).The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic, by Eric Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2010). EXTRA:"Does the President Matter as Much as You Think?" by Freakonomics Radio (2020).

Summary​

In this episode, Stephen Dubner and legal scholar Eric Posner analyze the expanding power of the U.S. Presidency against the backdrop of historical intentions outlined by the Founding Fathers. They discuss how the original framework of checks and balances has evolved, particularly as presidents have increasingly bypassed congressional authority since the 20th century. The conversation highlights President Obama's use of executive power and the implications of unilateral decisions in areas like immigration and healthcare reform. The episode ultimately questions whether the presidency is becoming increasingly dictatorial, while recognizing inherent constraints posed by political dynamics and institutional complexities.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:03 Speaker_05
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner, and you are about to hear the first episode in a two-part series on presidential power. We figured the timing made sense.

602. Is Screen Time as Poisonous as We Think? AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 40 min read

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Episode: 602. Is Screen Time as Poisonous as We Think?​

602. Is Screen Time as Poisonous as We Think?

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:40:29

Episode Shownotes​

Young people have been reporting a sharp rise in anxiety and depression. This maps neatly onto the global rise of the smartphone. Some researchers are convinced that one is causing the other. But how strong is the evidence? SOURCES:David Blanchflower, professor of economics at Dartmouth College.Lauren Oyler, novelist and cultural

critic.Andrew Przybylski, professor of human behavior and technology at the University of Oxford. RESOURCES:"The Declining Mental Health Of The Young And The Global Disappearance Of The Hump Shape In Age In Unhappiness," by David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, and Xiaowei Xu (NBER Working Paper, 2024)."Further Evidence on the Global Decline in the Mental Health of the Young," by David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, Anthony Lepinteur, and Alan Piper (NBER Working Paper, 2024).No Judgment: Essays, by Lauren Oyler (2024)."To What Extent are Trends in Teen Mental Health Driven by Changes in Reporting?" by Adriana Corredor-Waldron and Janet Currie (Journal of Human Resources, 2024).The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness, by Jonathan Haidt (2024)."Global Well-Being and Mental Health in the Internet Age," by Matti Vuorre and Andrew K. Przybylski (Clinical Psychological Science, 2023)."Are Mental Health Awareness Efforts Contributing to the Rise in Reported Mental Health Problems? A Call to Test the Prevalence Inflation Hypothesis," by Lucy Foulkes and Jack L. Andrews (New Ideas in Psychology, 2023)."The Association Between Adolescent Well-Being and Digital Technology Use," by Amy Orben and Andrew K. Przybylski (Nature Human Behaviour, 2019).iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy — and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood — and What That Means for the Rest of Us, by Jean M. Twenge (2017). EXTRAS:"Are You Caught in a Social Media Trap?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Are We Getting Lonelier?" by No Stupid Questions (2023)."Is Facebook Bad for Your Mental Health?" by Freakonomics, M.D. (2022)."Why Is U.S. Media So Negative? (Replay)," by Freakonomics Radio (2022).

Summary​

In this episode of 'Freakonomics Radio' titled 'Is Screen Time as Poisonous as We Think?', the correlation between increasing smartphone usage and the rise in anxiety and depression among young people is explored. Featuring experts like economist David Blanchflower, novelist Lauren Oyler, and professor Andrew Przybylski, the podcast examines whether smartphone usage is the main factor driving mental health declines or if other elements like social and political changes also play a role. The discussion delves into methodological issues in research linking digital technology to mental health, the societal panic around new technologies, and the benefits and drawbacks of smartphones. It emphasizes the need to address mental health problems through community and healthcare support rather than solely blaming technology.

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Full Transcript​

00:00:04 Speaker_06
I am going to say a dirty word. Screen time.

What Exactly Is College For? (Update) AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast Freakonomics Radio

· 44 min read

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Episode: What Exactly Is College For? (Update)​

What Exactly Is College For? (Update)

Author: Freakonomics Radio + Stitcher
Duration: 00:50:15

Episode Shownotes​

We think of them as intellectual enclaves and the surest route to a better life. But U.S. colleges also operate like firms, trying to differentiate their products to win market share and prestige points. In the first episode of a special series originally published in 2022, we ask what our

chaotic system gets right — and wrong. (Part 1 of “Freakonomics Radio Goes Back to School.”) SOURCES:Peter Blair, faculty research Fellow of the National Bureau of Economic Research and professor of education at Harvard University.Catharine Hill, former president of Vassar College; trustee at Yale University; and managing director at Ithaka S+R.Morton Schapiro, professor of economics and former president of Northwestern University.Ruth Simmons, former president of Smith College, Brown University, and Prairie View A&M University.Miguel Urquiola, professor of economics at Columbia University. RESOURCES:"Progressivity of Pricing at U.S. Public Universities," by Emily E. Cook and Sarah Turner (NBER Working Paper, 2022)."Community Colleges and Upward Mobility," by Jack Mountjoy (NBER Working Paper, 2021)."How HBCUs Can Accelerate Black Economic Mobility," (McKinsey & Company, 2021).Markets, Minds, and Money: Why America Leads the World in University Research, by Miguel Urquiola (2021)."Mobility Report Cards: The Role of Colleges in Intergenerational Mobility," by Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas Turner, and Danny Yagan (NBER Working Paper, 2017). EXTRAS:"'If We’re All in It for Ourselves, Who Are We?'" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."'A Low Moment in Higher Education,'" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."The $1.5 Trillion Question: How to Fix Student-Loan Debt?" by Freakonomics Radio (2019)."Why Larry Summers Is the Economist Everyone Hates to Love," by Freakonomics Radio (2017).

Summary​

In the episode 'What Exactly Is College For? (Update)' from Freakonomics Radio, Stephen J. Dubner delves into the U.S. higher education landscape amidst declining trust and enrollment issues. He engages with experts like Peter Blair and Catharine Hill to discuss elite universities' reputational struggles and address income inequality. Key discussions revolve around differentiation, high tuition costs, and the stratification within the university system. The episode explores the pivotal roles of mid-tier colleges, community colleges, and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in fostering upward mobility, particularly for minority and low-income students. Ruth Simmons shares her transformative journey through education, emphasizing mentorship and HBCUs' mission in producing successful graduates.

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00:00:04 Speaker_09
Hey there, it's Stephen Dubner. In a few weeks, a new batch of students will arrive at the nearly 4,000 colleges across the U.S. It has been a turbulent time for higher education.