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Author: Crash Course
In 48 episodes, John Green will teach you the history of the United States of America! This course is based on the 2013 AP US History curriculum.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about recent history. By which we mean VERY recent history. John covers the end of George W. Bush's administration presidency of Barack Obama (so far). Some people would say, "It's too soon to try to interpret the historical importance of such recent events!" To those people, we answer, "You're right." Nonetheless, it's worthwhile to take a look at the American we live in right now as a way of looking back at how far we've come. Anyway, John will teach you about Obama's election, some of his policies like the Affordable Care Act, the 2009 stimulus, and the continuation of the war on terror. If you still can't reconcile a history course teaching such recent stuff, just think of this one as a current events episode.
Obamanation Crash Course US History 47
speaker01 00:00:00
I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history, and we've done it. We've reached the end of history says that history never ends, but we've reached the part that me from the present is in. We aren't going to cover the astonishing results of the 2 and 16 president election. What we are going to do is try to talk about historical events that are also current events, future. John Green here to tell you that in a stunning turn of events, the 2020 presidential election will be won by Harry Styles. I know that he's English and under 35, but we're going to change the Constitution to make it possible because that's how much we love Harry Styles in 2020.
speaker01 00:42:00
So when we last left George W Bush, his approval rating was dropping to the lowest number in president of the United States approval rating history.
speaker01 00:49:00
And the us was facing what turned out to be the second worst economic crisis in the past 150 years, a crisis that remains unnamed because we're kind of still in it. But I'd like to propose a couple names. The Wall Street Wh Boz, the financial fart storm, however, knowing historians, they will inevitably call it like the major recession of 2008 to 2012 boom.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the tumultuous 2000s in the United States of America, mainly the 2000s that coincide with the presidency of George W Bush. From the controversial election in 2000 to the events of 9/11 and Bush's prosecution of the War on Terror, the George W. Bush presidency was an eventful one. John will teach you about Bush's domestic policies like tax cutting and education reform, and he'll get into the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The event that came to pass during Bush's presidency are still very much affecting the United States and the world today, so listen up!
Terrorism, War, and Bush 43 Crash Course US History 46
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we've done it. We've finally reached the 21st century. Today we boldly go where no history course has gone before because your teacher ran out of time and never made it to the present. So if you're preparing for the AP test, it's unlikely that today's video will be helpful to you because, you know, they never get to this stuff.
speaker01 00:20:00
Is green awesome free period from the past? There's no such thing as a free period. There's only time and how you choose to use it. Also me from the past, where in your future, hold on I to take this stuff off? It's hard to take me seriously with that. Where in the future for you, which means that you are learning important things about the you who does not yet exist? You know about Lady Gaga, Kanye and Kim Bieber? Well, you're not going to find out about any of those things because this is a history class, but it's still going to be interesting.
speaker01 00:56:00
So the presidency of George WW Bush may not end up on your AP ex, but it's very important when it comes to understanding the United States that we live in today.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the United States as it was in the 1990s. You'll remember from last week that the old-school Republican George H.W. Bush had lost the 1992 presidential election to a young upstart Democrat from Arkansas named Bill Clinton. Clinton was a bit of a dark horse candidate, having survived a sex scandal during the election, but a third party run by Ross Perot split the vote, and Clinton was inaugurated in 1993. John will teach you about Clinton's foreign policy agenda, which included NATO action in the Balkans and the Oslo Accords between Israel and the PLO. He'll also cover some of the domestic successes and failures of the Clinton years, including the failed attempt at healthcare reform, the pretty terrible record on GLBTQ issues, Welfare reform, which got mixed reviews, and happier issues like the huge improvements in the economy. Also computers. Cheap, effective, readily available computers came along in the 1990s, and they kind of changed the world, culminating in this video, which is the end of the internet. Until next week.
The Clinton Years, or the 1990s Crash Course US History 45
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we have finally reached the Clinton years. Clinton and I are really quite similar actually. We were both brought up in the south, we both came from broken family, No, not actually. Also I did not attend an Ivy League university, yeah I'm actually nothing like Bill Clinton. Well, except for the Southern thing. And also both of us are married to women who are smarter than we are. Mr Green Mr Green, but he was president, whatever. I'm still young, me from the past, Clinton wasn't even governor of Arkansas until he was cramp, he was 32 I'm finished.
speaker01 00:40:00
So Clinton's presidency was focused on domestic policy and a sex scandal. In fact, his campaign war room famously featured a sign that read, it's the economy, stupid. His domestic legacy is pretty complex, though. So we're going to start with foreign policy.
speaker01 00:53:00
The Clinton years didn't feature as many foreign policy successes as Bush 41, but Clinton did have his moments achieved a partial success with the 1993 Oslo Accords, when Israel recognized the legitimacy of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. However, that eventually resulted in the PLO becoming progressively less powerful. And as you may have noticed, it didn't ultimately achieve peace in the Middle East. Clinton was more successful in Yugoslavia, where he pushed NATO to actually do something for once, in this case, a bombing, sending troops kind of something. Now, there had been widespread ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims before the NATO intervention, but in 2009 with the day accord, and then there's the Rwandan genocide, which the Clinton administration did absolutely nothing to prevent, and where 800000 people died in less than a month. The Rwandan genocide is probably the international community's greatest failure in the second half of the 20th century. And while certainly Clinton was among many people who were complicit in that, including like me, you know, so far, it's not such a good foreign policy record, terrorism also became a bigger issue during Clinton's presidency.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the economic malaise that beset the United States in the 1970s. A sort of perfect storm of events, it combined the continuing decline of America's manufacturing base and the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 and brought about a stagnant economy, paired with high inflation. Economists with a flair for neologisms and portmanteau words called this "stagflation," and it made people miserable. Two presidential administrations were scuttled at least in part by these economic woes; both Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter are considered failed presidents for many reasons, but largely because of an inability to improve the economy. (hint: In reality, no one person can materially change something as big as the world economy, even if they are president, but one person sure can make a handy scapegoat!) So, by and large, the 70s were a pretty terrible time in America economically, but at least the decade gave us Mr. Green.
Ford, Carter, and the Economic Malaise Crash Course US History 42
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about one of the most important periods in American history, the mid to late 1970s. And why is there nothing on the chalkboard? We can't find a picture of Gerald Ford somewhere around here. Don't worry crash course bands, we got one. Thanks for your support through subtable and paid for this 90 cent Gerald Ford photograph. These really are the years when everything changed in the United States and amidst all that turmoil, something wonderful was born.
speaker01 00:25:00
Mr Green Mr Green strong with the force, this episode is no me from the past. Yoda doesn't show up till Empire Strikes back, which came out in 1000 and 980. I'm referring, of course, to the fact that we were born. It's the beginning of the John Green era. From here on out, almost every everything we discuss will have happened in my lifetime, or as most Crash Course viewers refer to it, that century before I was born. But it wasn't just the birth of me and the death of Elvis. The late 1970s were truly a period of momentous change. Most American Americans, it sucked.
speaker01 01:02:00
So how Americans reacted to those no good, very bad years really has shaped the world in which we find ourselves. The big story of the 1000 and 970 S is economics, 25 years of broad economic expansion in prosperity came to a grinding halt in thousand the 1970s, meaning that our party was over. And what did we get instead? Inflation and extremely slow growth. The worst hangover ever Just getting the worst hangover was the depression. The second worst hangover was the two recession, and then the third worst hangover was hangover part 3. It was the fourth worst hangover in America history narrowly beating out America, the fifth worst hangover, the hangover part.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the end of the Cold War and the presidency of George H.W. Bush. It was neither the best of times nor the worst of times. On the domestic front, the first president Bush inherited the relative prosperity of the later Reagan years, and watched that prosperity evaporate. That was about all the interest Bush 41 had, domestically, so let's move to foreign policy, which was a bigger deal at this time. The biggie was the end of the Cold War, which is the title of the video, so you know it's important. The collapse of the Soviet Union was the biggest deal of Bush's term, and history has assigned the credit to Ronald Reagan. We give the guy a break and say that he helped. He was certainly an expert in foreign policy, having been an envoy to China, ambassador to the United Nations, and head of the CIA. Bush also oversaw the first Gulf War, which was something of a success, in that the primary mission was accomplished, and the vast majority of the troops were home in short order. It didn't do much to address some of the other problems in the region, but we'll get to that in the next few weeks. Along with all this, you'll learn about Bush's actions, or lack thereof, in Somalia and the Balkans, and you'll even be given an opportunity to read Bush's lips.
George HW Bush and the End of the Cold War Crash Course US History 44
speaker01 00:00:00
I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history, and we've finally done it. We have reached the moment where we get to talk about the presidency of George HW Bush, the second most important man named George Bush ever to be president of the United States, a man so fascinating that we did not give him a face. Mr Green. Mr Green, so we're almost in the present, but we're never really going to get to the present from the past because we're always in the past. But you are like 20 years in the past, which is soon going to create a time paradox that I cannot possibly deal with. I'm just gonna let Hank deal with that over on the science shows.
speaker01 00:44:00
Anyway, despite like calendars and everything, the 1990s really began in 1988 with the election of George Herbert Walker Bush, who had probably the best resume of any presidential candidate since Teddy Roosevelt. I mean, he was a war hero, having enlisted in the Navy upon grad gradu from high school and then going on to become the youngest pilot in Navy history. He flew 58 missions in the Pacific during World War 2 and received the Distinguished Flying Cross for completing a mission in a burning plane before ditching into the sea. So consider that next you complete a heroic mission in Call of Duty for after the war Bush went to college at Yale and then moved to Texas, where he made millions in the oil industry. Then he became a congressman and then ambassador to the UN and then director of the CIA and then vice president. The guy had more careers than Barbie. Plus, like every great American politician, George Bush grew up in hard Scrabble poverty, working his way through the just kidding, he was the son of Connecticut Senator Prescott Bush. But I guess after like 20 years of peanut farmers and former actors, America was ready to have an aristocrat at the helm again as long as he pretended to be from Texas like certain crash course teachers wearing striped polo shirts.
speaker01 01:50:00
George HW Bush was an old school Episcopalian, so he was never totally comfortable with public is of. So when it came down to pick his vice presidential candidate Bush chose J Danforth Quail, aka Dan, a young family value senator from right here in Indiana. Now these days, of course Dan Quail is primarily known for getting an argument with a fictional television character named Murphy Brown and also for not being able to spell the word. But once upon a time, he was a promising young Republican.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about what is often called the Reagan Era. Mainly, it covers the eight years during which a former actor who had also been governor of the state of California was president of the United States. John will teach you about Reagan's election victory over the hapless Jimmy Carter, tax cuts, Reagan's Economic Bill of Rights, union busting, and the Iran-Contra among other things. Learn about Reagan's domestic and foreign policy initiatives, and even a little about Bonzo the Chimp.
The Reagan Revolution Crash Course US History 43
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about the guy who arguably did the most to shape the world that I live in. Sta not Carrot Top, no, not Cumber bench, although he did do the most to shape the tumble that I live in. I'm talking about the great communicating Ronald Reagan. Reagan is a fascinating president because he was in lots of ways straightforward his Pres. He was called the Reagan revolution, but it's a bit odd that he gets so much credit for changing America because he was one of the least hands on of all presidents. And as you know, here at Crash Course, we don't really indulge in great man history. So we're going to talk about Reagan, but we're also going to talk about the forces that predated his presidency that led to the so-called Reagan revolution.
speaker01 00:43:00
Mr Green, I remember some of this stuff. It's like almost interesting. I'm glad to be almost interesting. Me from the past someday be almost interesting.
speaker01 01:00:00
The Reagan era began, unsurprisingly, with his election to the presidency in 1980. Now, anyone could have beaten Jimmy Carter, but Reagan succeeded largely by pulling together many strands of conservatism. Reagan emphasized his belief in states, and he condemned welfare cheats. He also condemned busing and affirmative action, and he won the support of religious conservatives, including the newly formed Moral Majority, by standing for family values, even though, in fact, he was the first us president to have been to. Also, he once acted with a monkey. There's nothing family values about that and informed me that Ronald Reagan did not, in fact, act with a monkey, he acted with a chimp. I apologize to all of the primate rights people out there.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the rise of the conservative movement in United States politics. So, the sixties are often remembered for the liberal changes that the decade brought to America, but lest you forget, Richard Nixon was elected to the presidency during the sixties. The conservative movement didn't start with Nixon though. Modern conservatism really entered mainstream consciousness during the 1964 presidential contest between the incumbent president and Kennedy torch-bearer Lyndon B Johnson, and Republican senator Barry Goldwater. While Goldwater never had a shot in the election, he used the campaign to talk about all kinds of conservative ideas. At the same time, several varying groups, including libertarian conservatives and moral conservatives, began to work together. Goldwater's trailblazing and coalition building would pay off in 1968 when Richard Nixon was elected to the White House, and politics changed forever when Nixon resigned over the Watergate scandal. You'll also learn about the ERA, EPA, OSHA, the NTSB, and several other acronyms and initialisms.
The Rise of Conservatism Crash Course US History 41
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and we're xon were going talk about the rise of this Alabama where I went to high school is a pretty conservative state and reliably sends Republicans to Washington of its senators. Jeff Sessions and Richard Shelby are Republicans, but did you know that Richard Shelby used to be a Democrat? Just like basically all of Alabama senators since Reconstruction? And this shift from Democrat to Republican throughout the South is the result of the rise of conservative politics in the 1960s and 1970s that we're going to talk about today.
speaker01 00:34:00
And along the way, we get to put Richard Nixon's head in a jar. Just inform me that we don't actually get to put Richard Nixon's head in a jar to just a future Roman joke. Now I'm sad. So you'll remember from our last episode that we learned that not everyone in the 1960s was a psychedelic rock listening, war protesting hippie. In fact, there was a strong undercurrent of conservative thinking that ran throughout the 1960s, even among young people.
speaker01 00:56:00
This was the rise of free market ideology and libertarianism since the 1000 and 950 S, a majority of Americans had broadly agreed that free enterprise was a good thing and should be encouraged both in the us and abroad.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In this episode of Crash Course US History, John Green teaches you about the early days of the Civil Rights movement. John will talk about the early careers of Martin Luther King, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and even Earl Warren. He'll teach you about Brown v Board of Education, and the lesser known Mendez vs Westminster, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and all kinds of other stuff.
Civil Rights and the 1950s Crash Course US History 39
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to look at one of the most important periods of American social history, the 1950s. Why is it so important? Well, first because it saw the advent of the greatest invention in human history, television. Mr Green. Mr Green, I like TV, by the way, you're from the future. How does the x-file sender, they're aliens are no aliens? No spoilers, me from the past, you're going have to go to college and watch the X files get terrible just like I did.
speaker01 00:24:00
No, it's mostly important because of the civil rights movement were talking some of the heroic figures like Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks. But much of the real stories about the thousands of people you've never heard of who fought to make America more inclusive. But before we look at the various changes that the civil rights movement was pushing for, we should spend a little time looking at the society that they were trying to change.
speaker01 00:44:00
The 19 9 and fifty's has been called a period of consensus, and I suppose it was, at least for the white males who wrote about it and who all agreed that the 1950s were fantastic. For white males, consensus culture was caused first by the Cold War. People were hesitant to criticize the United States for fear of being branded a communist, and second, by affluence. Increasing prosperity meant that more people didn't have as much to be critical of, and this widespread affluence was something new.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about a time of relative tumult in the United States, the 1960s. America was changing rapidly in the 1960s, and rights movements were at the forefront of those changes. Civil Rights were dominant, but the 60s also saw growth in the Women's Movement, the LGBT rights movement, the Latino rights movement, and the American Indian movement. Also, Americans began to pay a bit more attention to the environment. All this change happened against the backdrop of the Cold War and the Rise of Conservatism. It was just wild. John will teach you about sit-ins, Freedom Rides, The March on Washington, MLK, JFK, LBJ, and NOW. Man, that is a lot of initialisms. And one acronym.
The 1960s in America Crash Course US History 40
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about the 1009 hundred S Mr Green Green great, the decade made famous by the narcissists who lived through it. He me from the fast. Finally you and I agree about something wholeheartedly, but while I don't wish to indulge the baby boomers fantasies about their centrality to world history, the 60s were an important time. I mean, there was the Cold War of Vietnam, a rising tide of conservatism. Despite Woodstock racism, there were the Kennedy's in Camelot, John Paul, George, and to a lesser extent Ringo. And of course, there was also Martin Luther King Junior.
speaker01 00:44:00
So the 1960s saw people organizing and actively working for change, both in the social order and in government. This included the student movement, the women's movement, movement for gay rights, and a push by the courts to expand rights in general. But by the end of the 1009 960 S, the antique war movement seemed to have overshadowed all the rest.
speaker01 01:01:00
So as you'll no doubt remember from last week, the civil rights movement began in the 1000 and 950 S, if not before.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Cold War, which was the decades-long conflict between the USA and the USSR. The Cold War was called cold because of the lack of actual fighting, but this is inaccurate. There was plenty of fighting, from Korea to Viet Nam to Afghanistan, but we'll get into that stuff next week. This week we'll talk about how the Cold War started. In short, it grew out of World War II. Basically, the Soviets occupied eastern Europe, and the US supported western Europe. This setup would spill across the world, with client states on both sides. It's all in the video. You should just watch it.
The Cold War Crash Course US History 37
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about the Cold War. The Cold War is called cold because it supposedly never heated up into actual armed conflict, which means, you know that it wasn't a war Mr Green Mr Green, but if the war on Christmas, this is a war and the war on drugs is a war, you're not going to hear me say this often in your life, me from the past, but that was a good point. At least the Cold War was not an attempt to make war on a noun which almost never works, because nouns are so resilient to be fair war did involve quite a lot of actual war, from Korea to Afghanistan.
speaker01 00:32:00
As the world's two superpowers, the United States and the USSR, sought ideological and strategic influence throughout the world. So perhaps it's best to think of the Cold War as an era roughly from 1945 to 1990, discussions of the Cold War 10 center on international and political history.
speaker01 00:47:00
And those are very important, which is why we've talked about them in the past. This, however, is United States history. So let us heroically gaze, as Americans so often do, at our own navel. Stan, why did you turn the globe to the green parts of Not America? I mean, I guess to be fair, we were a little bit obsessed with this guy. So the Cold War gave us great spy novels, independence movements and arms race, cool movies like Doctor Strange love and war games, one of them most evil mustaches in history. But it also gave us a growing awareness that the greatest existential threat to human beings is ourselves. It changed the way we imagined the world and humanity role in it.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Cold War as it unfolded in Asia. As John pointed out last week, the Cold War was occasionally hot, and a lot of that heat was generated in Asia. This is starting to sound weird with the hot/cold thing, so let's just say that the United States' struggle against communist expansion escalated to a full-blown, boots-on-the-ground war in Korea and Vietnam. In both of these cases, the United States sent soldiers to intervene in civil wars that it looked like communists might win. That's a bit of a simplification, but John will explain it all to you.
The Cold War in Asia Crash Course US History 38
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going talk about the Cold War again, really less about the Cold War, about the war. As usual, we're not going to focus so much on the generals and the tactics, but instead on why the wars were fought and what it all meant. And today, we get to visit a part of the world that we haven't seen much on this series. Asia, not my best work.
speaker01 00:28:00
So we're going to start today with the place where the Cold War really heated up, at least as far as America is concerned. Mr Green, it's Vietnam, close to me from the past. But like all your romantic endeavors unsuccessful, the correct answer is, of course, Korea.
speaker01 00:41:00
Like me from the past, Americans have forgotten about the Korean War, which lasted three years from 1950 to 1953 and is sometimes called the Forgotten War. But it was real. The Korean War was the first real shooting war that Americans were involved in after World War Ii, and it was also the only time that America American troops directly engaged with an honest to goodness communist power. I'm referring not to North Korea, but to China, which became communist in 1949 and qualifies as a major world power because it was and also is huge. We love you China, just kidding, you're not watching because of the Great Firewall. So the end of World War 2 left Korea split between a communist North led by Kim I crazy-ass pants and antique communist but hardly Democratic South led by singman re 2 supposed to reunite, but that was impossible because they were constantly fighting. Fighting that cost around 100000 lives.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about World War II, as it was lived on the home front. You'll learn about how the war changed the country as a whole and changed how Americans thought about their country. John talks about the government control of war production, and how the war probably helped to end the Great Depression. Broader implementation of the income tax, the growth of large corporations, and the development of the West Coast as a manufacturing center were also results of the war. The war positively changed the roles of women and African Americans, but it was pretty terrible for the Japanese Americans who were interred in camps. In short, World War II changed America's role in the world, changed American life at home, and eventually spawned the History Channel.
World War II Part 2 - The Homefront Crash Course US History 36
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to discuss how World War 2 played out at home and also the meaning of the war. Mr Green Mr Green, so this is going to be like one of the boring philosophical ones then? Oh me from the past, I remember when you were idealistic. I remember a time when all you cared about was the deep inner meaning of mostly girls. But you've changed me from the past, and not in a good way.
speaker01 00:34:00
So anyway, World War 2 brought about tremendous changes in the United States, in many ways shaping how Americans would come to see themselves and how they would want to be seen by the rest of the world. Some of these ideological changes were a continuation of the New Deal. Others were direct results of the. But one thing we can say is that by the end of the war, the country was very different.
speaker01 00:53:00
For starters, World War 2 strengthened the federal government of the United States. This always happens when a country goes to war, but World War 2 brought about even more governmental intervention and control than we had seen in World War One. It was like the New Deal on steroids, like federal agencies, like the War Production Board, war manpower on Mission and Office of Price Administration took unprecedented control of the economy. There was massive rationing of food and supplies. Entire industries were completely taken over by the government. The federal government fixed wages, rents, prices, and especially production quotas, like if you're looking to buy a 1000 and 940000 twoo model Ford or Chrysler goodwi because there weren't any, the government told those car makers not to create new models that year. So basically, FDR was president for life and controlled all the industries.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Great Depression. So, everybody knows that the Great Depression started with the stock market crash in 1929, right? Not exactly. The Depression happened after the stock market crash but wasn't caused by the crash. John will teach you about how the depression started, what Herbert Hoover tried to do to fix it, and why those efforts failed.
The Great Depression Crash Course US History 33
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and Herbert Hoo here, which is never a good sign. Today we're to two of my favorites is and inaccurate naming conventions. That's right, we're going be talking about the Great Depression, which was a only great if you enjoy like being a hobo or selling pencil. Now, some of you might get a bit frustrated today because there's no real consensus about the Great Depression and simple declarative statements about it really say much more about you than they do about history. You look at me Mr Green, I didn't say anything. I thought it because me from the past, you always want things to fit into the simplistic narrative. She loves me, she loves me not.
speaker01 00:35:00
The Great Depression was caused by X, was caused by what? It's complicated.
speaker01 00:48:00
Many people tell you that the Great Depression started with the stock market crash in October 1929, but A, that isn't true and B, it leads people to mistake correlation with call, what we think of as the Great Depression did begin after the stock market crash, but not because of it.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the New Deal, which was president Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to pull the United States out of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Did it work? Maybe. John will teach you about some of the most effective and best-known programs of the New Deal. They weren't always the same thing. John will tell you who supported the New Deal, and who opposed it. He'll also get into how the New Deal changed the relationship between the government and citizens, and will even reveal just how the Depression ended. (hint: it was war spending)
The New Deal Crash Course US History 34
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going get a little bit controversial as we discuss the FDR administration's response to the Great Depression, the New Deal. That's the National Recovery Administration, by the way, not the National Rifle Association or the No Rodents Allowed Club, which I'm a card carrying member of. Did the New Deal and the Depression spoiler, or more controversially, did it destroy American freedom or expand the definition of liberty? In the end, was it a good thing Mr Green? Mr Green, yes, me from the past, you are not qualified to make that statement what I was just trying to be like provocative and controversial, isn't that what gets used? Oh, you have the worst ideas about how to make people like you, but anyway, not everything about the New Deal was controversial, this is crash course, not TMZ.
speaker01 00:53:00
The New Deal redefined the role of the federal government for most Americans, and it led to a realignment of the constituents in the Democratic Party, so called AED New Deal Coalition.
speaker01 01:02:00
Good job with the naming their historians. And regardless of whether you think the New Deal meant more freedom for more people or was a plot by red shirt wearing communists, the New Deal is extremely important in American history. Wait a second, a red shirt? What are you trying to say about me, Stan, as the owner of the means of production, I demand that you dock the wages of the writer who made that joke so after his mediocre response to the Great Depression, Herbert Hoover did not have any chance of winning the presidential election of 1000 and 930 two-two. But he also ran like he didn't actually want the job. Plus, his opponent was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who was as close to a born politician as the United States has ever seen, except for kid president.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the United States in the 1920s. They were known as the roaring 20s, but not because there were lions running around everywhere. In the 1920s, America's economy was booming, and all kinds of social changes were in progress. Hollywood, flappers, jazz, there was all kinds of stuff going on in the 20s. But as usual with Crash Course, things were about to take a turn for the worse. John will teach you about the_ Charleston, the many Republican presidents of the 1920s, laissez-faire capitalism, jazz, consumer credit, the resurgent Klan, and all kinds of other stuff.
The Roaring 20s Crash Course US History 32
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going learn about one of the best is ever, the 1000 and 920 s. The TS gave us jazz movies, radio making out in cars, illegal liquor and the TS also gave us prosper for everybody and gangsters and a consumer culture based on credit and lots of prejudice against immigrants. And eventually the worst economic crisis the US has ever seen. Green Mr Green, but what about Gatsby? Yeah, me from the past. It's true that Gatsby turned out I'll write in the end, but what preyed on Gatsby? What foul dust trailed in the wake of his dreams did temporarily close out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short winded elations of men.
speaker01 00:47:00
So there's a stereotypical view of the 1920s as the roaring 20s, a decade of exciting change and new cultural touchstones, as well as increased personal freedom and dancing. And it really was a time of increased wealth. For some people, the quote of the decade has to go to our famously taciturn president from Massachusetts, Calvin Coolidge, who said the chief business of the American people is business. Jay Z would later update this for the 21st century, noting I'm not a business man. I'm a businessman. But anyway, during the 1920s, the government helped business grow like gangbusters, largely by not regulating it much at all. This is known as laissez afair capitalism or laissez faire capitalism. If you're good at speaking French.
speaker01 01:24:00
The Republican Party dominated politics in the 1000 and 920 S, with presidents elected in the decade being staunch conservative Republicans, the federal government hewed to the policies favored by business lobbyists, including lower taxes on personal income and business profits, and efforts to weaken the power of unions. Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover stalked the boards of the Federal Reserve and the Federal Trade Commission with men who shared their Protobuf news. News shifting the country away from the economic regulation that had been favored by progressives. That was very good for the American economy, at least in the short run. The 1920s were also marked by quite a bit of government corruption, most of which can be pinned to the administration of Warren GE Harding. Now, Harding himself wasn't terribly corrupt, but he picked terrible friends. They included Attorney General Harry Doherty, who accepted money to not prosecute criminals, and Interior Secretary Albert Fall, who took half a million dollars from private business in exchange for leases to government oil reserves at Teapot Dome. Paul later became the first cabinet member ever to be convicted of a felony.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about World War II, a subject so big, it takes up two episodes. This week, John will teach you how the United States got into the war, and just how involved America was before Congress actually declared war. John will actually talk a little about the military tactics involved, and he'll get into some of the weaponry involved, specifically the huge amount of aerial bombing that characterized the war, and the atomic bombs that ended the war in the Pacific.
World War II Part 1 Crash Course US History 35
speaker01 00:00:00
I'm green. This is Crash Course History, and today we're about a topic so huge to history buffs that we can only discuss a tiny little fraction of it. I'm of course referring to paratrooper ring, no World War 2. World War 2 is the only historical event that has like its own cable channel. Well, I should say it used to have its own cable channel. These days, the History Channel is, of course, devoted primarily to lumberjacks. And oh my gosh, is that guy really going to shoot an alligator? Who knew how nostalgic we could be for documentaries about Joseph Stalin?
speaker01 00:28:00
Mr Green Mr Green, finally we get to the good stuff like Patton and Rommel and Churchill and Eisenhower. Stalingrad Gor. I'm sorry to disappoint you, me from the past, but while Patton and Eisenhower were Americans, Rommel was a German or General Monty Montgomery's dog. Regardless, they were both from the green parts of Not America. Also, no Americans thought at the Battle of Stalingrad, although we did talk about that in Crash Course World History and Gomer Pyle was a television character played by Jim Neighbors. I believe that you mean to refer to the journalist Ernie Pyle.
speaker01 01:07:00
So here at Crash Course, we like to focus on causes and effects of wars rather than strategy and tactics. But given the importance that World War 2 has in the American imagination, we're going to discuss those a bit too. Today, we're going to define Maria von Trapp and start before the very beginning, because America's ideas about foreign policy were shaped by two things, the Great Depression and World War One. After the American experience of World War One, it's not surprising that Americans were just a smidge gun-shy I about involvement in foreign affairs. Seriously, gun now? Now America actually came out of World War One stronger than ever, but man did a lot of people die for not much change. I mean, I guess the Treaty of Versailles sort of remade Europe, but it didn't make it better in the League of Nations was a flop. And generally there was a lot of disappointed idealism.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about American involvement in World War I, which at the time was called the Great War. They didn't know there was going to be a second one, though they probably should have guessed, 'cause this one didn't wrap up very neatly.
America in World War I Crash Course US History 30
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're finally going to make military history buffs happy. That's right, today we're going talk about how the United with its superior technology, innovative tactics and remarkable generalship turn the tide of World War 1. Mr Green Mr Green, finally I've been waiting for months to learn about tanks and airplanes and Ernest Hemingway. Well, that's a shame me from the past because I was kidding about this being an episode full of military details. But I do promise that we will mention Ernest Hemingway and in a few weeks I will tell you about how he liberated the martinis of Paris.
speaker01 00:41:00
Americans were only involved in the Great War for 19 months, and compared with the other belligerents, we didn't do much fighting. Still, the war had profound effects on America at home, on its place in the world, and it also resulted in an amazing number of war memorials right here in Indianapolis. The Great War, which lasted from 1000 thousand 992000 thousand and 1918 and featured a lot of men with hats and rifles, cost the lives of an estimated 10 million soldiers.
speaker01 01:06:00
Also, the whole thing was kind of horrible and pointless, unless you love art and literature about how horrible and pointless World War 1 was, in which it was a real bonanza.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about Imperialism. The US saw that Spain's hold on its empire was weak, and like some kind of expansionist predator, it jumped into the Cuban War for Independence and turned it into the Spanish-Cuban-Phillipino-American War, which usually just gets called the Spanish-American War. John will tell you how America turned this war into colonial possessions like Puerto Rico, The Philippines, and almost even got to keep Cuba. The US was busy in the Pacific as well, wresting control of Hawaii from the Hawaiians. All this and more in a globe-trotting, oppressing episode of Crash Course US History.
American Imperialism Crash Course US History 28
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about a subject near and dear to my white male heart, imperialism. So here at Crash Course we occasionally try to point out that the us, much as we hate to admit it, is actually part of a larger world. Mr Green Mr Green, you mean like Alaska? Know me from the past for reasons that you will understand after your trip there before your senior year of college, I do not acknowledge the of Canada's tail. Now I'm referring to all of the green parts of North America and the period in the 19th century when we thought maybe we could make all those green parts like America, but, you know, without rights and stuff.
speaker01 00:40:00
So the late 19th and early 20th centuries were a period of expansion and colonization in Asia and Africa, mostly by European powers.
speaker01 00:47:00
As you'll know if you watch Crash Course world history, imperialism has a long, long history pretty much everywhere. Round of empire building is sometimes called rather confusingly new imperialism because the US acquired territory beyond its continental boundaries in this period, it's relatively easy to fit American history into this world history paradigm. But there's also an argument that the United States has always been an empire from very early on, the European settlers who became Americans were intent on pushing westward in conquering territory. The obvious victims of this expansion slash imperial-era were the Native Americans, but we can also include the Mexicans who lost their sovereignty after 1008 hundred and forty-eighth. If that doesn't sound like an empire to you, allow me to draw your attention to the Russian Empire. Russians were taking control of territory in Central Asia and Siberia and either absorbing or displacing the Native people who lived there, which was the exact same thing that we were doing. The empires of the late 19th and early 20th th centuries were different because they were colonial in their own special way, like Europeans and Americans would rule other places, but they wouldn't settle them and more or less completely displace the native people there. Well, except for you, Australian New Zealand, American historians used to try to excuse America's acquisitions of a territorial is something of an embarrassing mistake, but that's misleading.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Progressive Presidents, who are not a super-group of former presidents who create complicated, symphonic, rock soundscapes that transport you into a fantasy fugue state. Although that would be awesome. The presidents most associated with the Progressive Era are Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. During the times these guys held office, trusts were busted, national parks were founded, social programs were enacted, and tariffs were lowered. It wasn't all positive though, as their collective tenure also saw Latin America invaded A LOT, a split in the Republican party that resulted in a Bull Moose, all kinds of other international intervention, and the end of the Progressive Era saw the United States involved in World War. If all this isn't enough to entice, I will point out that two people get shot in this video. Violence sells, they say.
Progressive Presidents Crash Course US History 29
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to finish our discussion of progressivism and indulge in a bit of great man history. Mr Green Mr Green, great man history. Well, I was born on a sunny summer morning in 19 9 70 that great me from the past. Also, you're a boy, not a man, and the only historically significant thing you ever participated in was a brilliant senior prank that wasn't even your ideal. However, 39 of our 43 presidents were at least arguably great men. And today we'll be talking about three of them. It'll be kind of like a Jefferson versus Hamilton for the 20th century, except not like that at all. But there will be a canal and two people get shot.
speaker01 00:47:00
So as we saw in Crash Course world history, national governments were on the rise from the middle of the 19th century until basically now. And in the US, corporations became national. And then by the 20 th century, international, like the British East India Company was kind of an international corporation, but it wasn't the same as coca cocola, although they did both deal with narcotics. And this mania for nationalization even affected sports like in baseball. The National League and the American League were formed. And in 19 oh 3, they played the first inaccurately named World Series. I'm sorry, was Botswana invited then? It's not a World Series anyway, the rise of a strong national government was seen as an alternative to people's lives being controlled by provincial, city, and state governments, or by ever growing corporation like Herbert Crowley, editor of The New Republic, thought that to achieve the Jeffersonian Democratic self-determination ideal of individual freedom, the country needed to employ Hamiltonian government intervention in the economy.
speaker01 01:40:00
And he wasn't the only one who believed that. So in 19 oh 1, 42 year old Theodore Roosevelt became the youngest American president ever after William McKinley was assassinated by Lee Colts, hold on.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about American women in the Progressive Era and, well, the progress they made. So the big deal is, of course, the right to vote women gained when the 19th amendment was passed and ratified. But women made a lot of other gains in the 30 years between 1890 and 1920. More women joined the workforce, they acquired lots of other legal rights related to property, and they also became key consumers in the industrial economy. Women also continued to play a vital role in reform movements. Sadly, they got Prohibition enacted in the US, but they did a lot of good stuff, too. The field of social work emerged as women like Jane Addams created settlement houses to assist immigrants in their integration into the United States. Women also began to work to make birth control widely available. You'll learn about famous reformers and activists like Alice Paul, Margaret Sanger, and Emma Goldman, among others.
Womens Suffrage Crash Course US History 31
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about women in the Progressive era. My God, that is a fantastic hat. Wait, votes for women between Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson and all those do boys headed off to war women in this period of sort of been footnoted shockingly Mr Green Mr Green I'd never make a woman a footnote.
speaker01 00:19:00
She'd be the center of my world, my rason de tra, my boy to VI ho me from the past. I'm reminded of why you got AC plus in French, let me submit to you me from the past that your weird worship of women is a kind of misogyny because you're imagining women as these beautiful, fragile things that you can possess. It turns out that women are not things. They are people in precisely the same way that you are a person. And in the progressive era, they demanded to be seen as full citizens of the United States. In short, women don't exist to be your joie de vivre, they get to have their own joie de vivre.
speaker01 01:01:00
So it's tempting to limit ourselves to discussion of women getting the right to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment. But if we focus too much on the constitutional history, we're going to miss a lot.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Gilded Age and its politics. What, you may ask, is the Gilded Age? The term comes from a book by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner titled, "The Gilded Age." You may see a pattern emerging here. It started in the 1870s and continued on until the turn of the 20th century. The era is called Gilded because of the massive inequality that existed in the United States. Gilded Age politics were marked by a number of phenomena, most of them having to do with corruption. On the local and state level, political machines wielded enormous power. John gets into details about the most famous political machine, Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall ran New York City for a long, long time, notably under Boss Tweed. Graft, kickbacks, and voter fraud were rampant, but not just at the local level. Ulysses S. Grant ran one of the most scandalous presidential administrations in U.S. history, and John will tell you about two of the best-known scandals, the Credit Mobilier scandal, and the Whiskey Ring. There were a few attempts at reform during this time, notably the Civil Service Act of 1883 and the Sherman Anti-trust act of 1890. John will also get into the Grange Movement of the western farmers, and the Populist Party that arose from that movement. The Populists, who threw in their lot with William Jennings Bryan, never managed to get it together and win a presidency, and they faded after 1896. This brings us to the Progressive Era, which we'll get into next week!
Gilded Age Politics Crash Course US History 26
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to continue our look at the Gilded Age by focusing on political science. Green, green, it's another history class where we don't actually talk about history from the past. Your insistence on trying to place academic exp into little boxes creates a little box that you yourself will live in for the rest of your life. If you don't put your interdisciplinary party hat on.
speaker01 00:23:00
So the Gilded Age takes its name from a book by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner that was called the Gilded Age. A tale of today was published in 18000 hundred 73 and it was not that successful. But while the Gilded Age conjures up visions of fancy parties and ostentatious displays of wealth, the book itself was about politics, and it gives a very negative appraisal of the state of American democracy at the time, which shouldn't come as a huge surprise coming from Twain, whose comments about Congress included. Suppose You were an Idi and suppose you were a member of Congress. But I repeat myself, and also it could probably be shown by facts and figures that there is no distinctly Native American criminal class except Congress. So when faced with the significant changes taking place in the American economy after the Civil War America's political system, both nationally and locally, dealt with these problems in the best way possible by becoming incredibly, incredibly corrupt.
speaker01 01:23:00
Oh, Stan says I have to take off my party hat. So former House Speaker Tip O'neill once famously said that all politics is local. And although that's not actually true, I am going to start with local politics today, specifically with one of America's greatest inventions, the urban political machine. So a political machine is basically an organization that works to win election so that it can exercise power. The most famous political machine with New York City's Tammany Hall dominated Democratic Party politics in the late 19th century, survived until the 20th, and is keenly associated with corruption.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the massive immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Immigrants flocked to the US from all over the world in this time period. Millions of Europeans moved to the US where they drove the growth of cities and manned the rapid industrialization that was taking place. In the western US many, many Chinese immigrants arrived to work on the railroad and in mines. As is often the case in the United States, the people who already lived in the US reacted kind of badly to this flood of immigrants. Some legislators tried to stem the flow of new arrivals, with mixed success. Grover Cleveland vetoed a general ban on immigration, but the leadership at the time did manage to get together to pass an anti-Chinese immigration law. Immigrants did win some important Supreme Court decisions upholding their rights, but in many ways, immigrants were treated as second-class citizens. At the same time, the country was rapidly urbanizing. Cities were growing rapidly and industrial technology was developing new wonders all the time. John will cover all this upheaval and change, and hearken back to a time when racial profiling did in fact boil down to analyzing the side of someone's face.
Growth, Cities, and Immigration Crash Course US History 25
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to continue our extensive look at American capitalism. Mr Green Mr Green I'm sorry, are you saying that I grow up to be a tool of the bourgeoisie? Oh, not just a tool of the bourgeoisie, me from the past, but a card carrying member it. I mean, you have employees whose labor you can exploit because you own the means of production, which in your case includes a chalkboard, a video camera, a desk, and a xenophobic globe. Meanwhile, Stan, Danica, Raul, and Meredith toil and crushing poverty. Did you write this part? These are all lies, cue the intro.
speaker01 00:39:00
So last week, we saw how commercial farming transformed the American West and gave us mythical cowboys, and unfortunately, not so mythical Indian reservations. Today we leave the sticks and head for the cities, as so many Americans and immigrants have done throughout the nation's history. I mean, we may like to imagine that the history of America is all go west, young man. But in fact, from Mark Twain to pretty much every hipster in Brooklyn, it's the opposite. The population was growing everywhere in America after 1850, following a major economic downturn in the 1890s, farm prices made a comeback, and that drew more and more people out west to take part in what would eventually be called agriculture's gold age. Although to be fair, agriculture's real golden age was in like 3000 BCE when Mesopotamians were like, dude, if we planted these in rows, we could have more of it than we could eat. It was really more of a second golden age, but anyway, more than a million land claim were filed under the Homestead Act in the 1890s.
speaker01 01:30:00
In between 1919 10, the populations of Texas and Oklahoma together increased by almost 2 million people, and another 800000 people moved into Kansas, the Dakotas and Nebraska. That's people moved two Nebraska, Sorry, I just hadn't yet offended Nebraskans. I'm looking to get through the list before the end of the year, but one of the central reasons that so many people moved out west was that the demand for agricultural products was increasing due to the growth of cities. 1920 of the American population lived in cities, and there were 12 with a population over 100000 people. This rose to 18 cities in 1900, with the percentage of urban dwellers rising to 38%, and by 1920, 68% of Americans lived in cities and 26 cities had a population over. So in the 40 years, around the turn of the 20th th century, America became the world's largest industrial power and went from being predominantly rural to largely urban. This is, to use a technical historian term, a really big deal because it didn't just make cities possible, but also their products.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Progressive Era in the United States. In the late 19th and early 20th century in America, there was a sense that things could be improved upon. A sense that reforms should be enacted. A sense that progress should be made. As a result, we got the Progressive Era, which has very little to do with automobile insurance, but little to do with automobiles. All this overlapped with the Gilded Age and is a little confusing, but here we have it. Basically, people were trying to solve some of the social problems that came with the benefits of industrial capitalism. To oversimplify, there was a competition between the corporations' desire to keep wages low and workers' desire to have a decent life. Improving food safety, reducing child labor, and unions were all on the agenda in the Progressive Era. While progress was being made, and people were becoming free, these gains were not equally distributed. Jim Crow laws were put in place in the south, and immigrant rights were restricted as well. So once again on Crash Course, things aren't so simple.
The Progressive Era Crash Course US History 27
speaker01 00:01:00
Green crash us history and we're about. It who we about t? Where it's half discussions of misogyny and half high contrast images of pizza? Because if so, I can get behind there from the past. Your anachronism is showing your internet was green letters on a black screen.
speaker01 00:25:00
But no, the progressive E was not like Tumblr argue that it did indirectly make Tumblr and therefore Jawa gift sets possible. So that's something. So some of the solutions that progressives came up with to deal with issues of inequality and injustice don't seem terribly progressive today. And also it kind of over lap with the Gilded Age and progressive implies like progress, presumably progress toward freedom and justice, which is hard to argue about an era that involved one of the great restrictions of freedom in American history, prohibition. So maybe we shouldn't call it the progressive air at all. I, Stan, whatever, roll the intro.
speaker01 01:06:00
So if the Gilded Age was the period when American industrial capitalism came into its own and people like Mark Twain began to criticize its associated problems, then the Progressive Era was the age in which people actually tried to solve those problems through individual and group acts.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about Reconstruction. After the divisive, destructive Civil War, Abraham Lincoln had a plan to reconcile the country and make it whole again. Then he got shot, Andrew Johnson took over, and the disagreements between Johnson and Congress ensured that Reconstruction would fail. The election of 1876 made the whole thing even more of a mess, and the country called it off, leaving the nation still very divided. John will talk about the gains made by African-Americans in the years after the Civil War, and how they lost those gains almost immediately when Reconstruction stopped. You'll learn about the Freedman's Bureau, the 14th and 15th amendments, and the disastrous election of 1876. John will explore the goals of Reconstruction, the successes and ultimate failure, and why his alma mater Kenyon College is better than Raoul's alma mater NYU.
Reconstruction and 1876 Crash Course US History 22
speaker01 00:00:00
I'm John Green, this is Crash us history and the Civil War is over. The Is are free. That hit me in the head. It's very dangerous crash course. So when you say don't aim at a person that includes myself, the roller coaster only goes up from here, my friends, who's that Mr Green? Mr Green, what about the epic failure of Reconstruction? Oh right, stupid reconstruction, always ruining everything.
speaker01 00:34:00
So after the Civil War ended, the United States had to reintegrate both a formerly slave population and a formerly rebellious population back into the country, which is a challenge that we might have met, except Abraham Lincoln was assassinated and we were left with Andrew. I am the third worst president ever. Johnson. I'm sorry, but you don't get to be in the show anymore. So Lincoln's whole post war idea was to facilitate reunion and reconciliation. And Andrew Johnson's guiding reconstruction principle was that South never had a right to secede in the first place. Also, because he was himself a Southerner, he resented all the elites in the South who had snubbed him, and he was also a racist who didn't think that black should have any role in reconstruction.
speaker01 01:11:00
Trifecta between 1860 and 2000. And in 1867, the sole called AED period of presidential reconstruction, Johnson appointed provisional governors and ordered them to call state conventions to establish new all white governments and in their 100% whiteness and depression of former slaves, those new governments look suspiciously like the old Confederate governments they had replaced. And what was changing for the former slaves? Well, in some ways, a lot like Fisk and Howard, universities were established, as well as many primary and secondary schools, thanks in part to the Freedmen's Bureau, which only lasted in 2018 thousand 870, but had the power to divide up confiscated and abandoned Confederate land for former slaves. And this was very important because to most slaves, land ownership was the key to freedom, and many felt like they'd been promised land by the Union Army, like General Sherman's field order 15 promised to distribute land in 40 acre plots to former slaves, but that didn't happen either through the Freedmen's Bureau or anywhere else. Instead President Johnson ordered all land returned to its former owners, so the South remained largely agricultural with the same people owning the same land. And in the end, we ended up with sharecropping.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you how the Civil War played a large part in making the United States the country that it is today. He covers some of the key ways in which Abraham Lincoln influenced the outcome of the war, and how the lack of foreign intervention also helped the Union win the war. John also covers the technology that made the Civil War different than previous wars. New weapons helped to influence the outcomes of battles, but photography influenced how the public at large perceived the war. In addition, John gets into the long-term effects of the war, including the federalization and unification of the United States. All this plus homesteading, land grant universities, railroads, federal currency, and taxes.
The Civil War Part 2 Crash Course US History 21
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we return to wait, what are we talking about today? Stand the Civil War and I can tell because Lincolns here, but this week we're not going to talk about casualty counts or battles or generals with their heroic and probably fictional dying declarations.
speaker01 00:14:00
Mr Green Mr Green, Wait, did that one guy not really say honey Bun? How do I look in the face? Because that was the best part of this whole class. Ye Stewart did say that me from the past, but it probably wasn't his last words.
speaker01 00:23:00
But anyway, today we're going to try to focus on what's really important. In the end, the really vital stuff isn't like Pickett's Charge or Lee saying it is. Well, that war is so terrible, otherwise we would grow too fond of it. Or the surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse. That stuff matters, and I don't want to deny it, but the Civil War and the way we remember it is still shaping the world today, and that's what I want to focus on because it's the stuff that might actually change the way you think about your own life in your own country, whether it's the United States or the green parts of North America.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Industrial Economy that arose in the United States after the Civil War. You know how when you're studying history, and you're reading along and everything seems safely in the past, and then BOOM you think, "Man, this suddenly seems very modern." For me, that moment in US History is the post-Reconstruction expansion of industrialism in America. After the Civil War, many of the changes in technology and ideas gave rise to this new industrialism. You'll learn about the rise of Captains of Industry (or Robber Barons) like Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D Rockefeller, and JP Morgan. You'll learn about trusts, combinations, and how the government responded to these new business practices. All this, plus John will cover how workers reacted to the changes in society and the early days of the labor movement. You'll learn about the Knights of Labor and Terence Powderly, and Samuel Gompers and the AFL. As a special bonus, someone gets beaten with a cane. AGAIN. What is it with American History and people getting beaten with canes?
The Industrial Economy Crash Course US History 23
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to discuss economics and how a generation of Mr Green. Mr Green, is this gonna be one of those boring ones with no wars or generals who had cool last words or anything? All me from the past, I will give you a smidge of great man history, but only a smid. So today we're going to discuss American industrialization in the decades after the Civil War, during which time the us went from having per capita about a third of Great Britain's industrial output to becoming the richest and most industrialized nation on earth. You might want to hold off on that liberto stand because this happened mostly thanks to the not particularly awesome Civil War, which improved the finance system by forcing the introduction of a national currency and spurred industrialization by giving massive contracts to arms and clothing manufacturers. The Civil War also boosted the telegraph, which improved communication and gave birth to the transcontinental Railway by the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, all of which increased efficiency and productivity. So thanks Civil War.
speaker01 01:04:00
If you want to explain America's economic growth in a nutshell, chalk it up to GD and L Gerard depardo and no geography, demography and law. However, while we're on the topic, when was Gerard depardo and Lindsay Lohan have a baby step? And can I see it? Yes, yes, geographically the us was a huge country with all the resources necessary for an industrial boom. Like we had coal and iron and later oil. Initially, we had water to power our factories, later replaced by coal, amber waves of grain to feed our growing population, which leads to the demography.
speaker01 01:36:00
America's population grew from 40 million in 1870 to 76 million in 1900, and a third of that growth was due to immigration, which is good for economy. Many of these immigrants flooded the burgeoning cities as America shifted from being an agrarian, rural nation to being an industrial, urban one. Like New York City became the center of commerce and finance, and by 1898, it had a population of 3.4 million people and the industrial heartland was in the Great Lakes region. Chicago became the second largest city. By 1900, Cleveland became a leader in oil refining, and Pittsburgh was the center of iron and steel production. And even today, the great city of Pittsburgh still employs 53 steel.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Wild, Wild, West, which as it turns out, wasn't as wild as it seemed in the movies. When we think of the western expansion of the United States in the 19th century, we're conditioned to imagine the loner. The self-reliant, unattached cowpoke roaming the prairie in search of wandering calves, or the half-addled prospector who has broken from reality thanks to the solitude of his single-minded quest for gold dust. While there may be a grain of truth to these classic Hollywood stereotypes, it isn't a very big grain of truth. Many of the pioneers who settled the west were family groups. Many were immigrants. Many were major corporations. The big losers in the westward migration were Native Americans, who were killed or moved onto reservations. Not cool, American pioneers.
Westward Expansion Crash Course US History 24
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we leave behind the world of industry and corporations to talk about the wild wild West. Spoiler alert, you have died of dysentery and in the process we are going to explore how all of us, even those of us who are vegans or eat sustainably produced food, benefit from massive agro-business has its roots in the wild, wild West. The West still looms large in American mythology as the home of cowboys and gunslingers and houses ill repute and freedom from pesky government interference. But in fact, it was probably not as wild as we've been told Mr Green, Why can't America live up to its myths just once? Because this is America from the past, home to Hollywood and Gatsby and Honey Boo Boo, we are literally in the myth-making business.
speaker01 00:52:00
So before the Hollywood Western, the myth of the frontier probably found its best expression in Frederick Jackson Turner is 1000 and 890 two-three lecture the significant of the frontier in American history. Turner argued that the West was responsible for key characteristics of American culture, beliefs in individualism, political democracy, and economic mobility.
speaker01 01:09:00
Like for 18th and 19th century Americans, the Western frontier represented the opportunity to start over and possibly to strike it rich by dint of one's own individual effort.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In this episode of Crash Course US History, John Green lists a whole lot of the battles of the US Civil War. We get a lot of requests for military history, so we offer a list of battle names, with some commentary about outcomes, and lots of really interesting pictures. Disclaimer: this video is pretty different from our usual format!
Battles of the Civil War Crash Course US History 19
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history starting next week we're going to be talking about the Civil War. And as you may have noticed Crash Course doesn't usually focus on military history because we're more interested in causes and defects and that kind of stuff, but because we know that some in our audience are likely to insist that a series on American history has to include the battles of the Civil War, I am now going to tell you about every single fight of the war. Wait, Stan, this says there were 8000 .
speaker02 00:24:00
incidents of violence between the union in the Confederate states of America between 1861 and 1865. Can that be right? All right, major plans. I am going to tell you about every major battle of the Civil War.
speaker01 00:44:00
The shooting started in 1861. In April, the first shots of the war were fired at the Battle of Fort Sumter. South Carolina, which the South 1. Next was the Battle of Rich Mountain, which went to the north. First Bull Run happened in Manassas, Virginia in July. The South 1 General Jackson got the nickname, and the North realized that this war was going to be serious business. The South had another victory at Wilson's Creek in August, but lost to the Union at Carnival Ferry in September. The North got another win at the Battle of Cheap Mountain, but the South finished the year strong with wins at Balls Bluff.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you a bit about the 4th of July. In this special short Crash Course, John celebrates American Independence Day by teaching you how the holiday came to be on the 4th of July, and the many ways that Americans celebrate the day. This is a little different than the normal Crash Course episode, so be prepared.
History of the 4th of July Crash Course US History Special
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about July 4, which in the United States is known as Independence Day. This is the day that Americans celebrate our independence from Great Britain by doing what we do best, blowing stuff up, offering significant discounts on mattresses, driving long distances for uncomfortable family interactions, and eating a lot of grilled meat.
speaker01 00:30:00
So the story goes that the founders of this nation signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, parting ways with King George to found the freest, finest nation on the face of the earth. Yeah, except the Continental Congress actually approved a resolution of independence on July 2. The Lee resolution was proposed by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia in June 1776. And with a simple legal declaration of separation from England, John Adams got so excited about it that to his wife, Abigail, the second day of July 1776, will be the most memorable epic in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival It ought to be solemn with and parade with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations from one end of this continent to the other from this time forward forever more. So.
speaker01 01:25:00
What happened on the fourth? Well, not that much actually. The Declaration of Independence was the formal announcement of Independence, and its text was approved on July 4, 1776, the fancy parchment version, with all the pretty calligraphy wouldn't get drawn up until July 19, and most members of the Congress signed the declaration on August 2, Adams may have been wrong about the date, but he was definitely right about the celebration.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green ACTUALLY teaches about the Civil War. In part one of our two-part look at the US Civil War, John looks into the causes of the war, and the motivations of the individuals who went to war. The overarching causes and the individual motivations were not always the same, you see. John also looks into why the North won, and whether that outcome was inevitable. The North's industrial and population advantages are examined, as are the problems of the Confederacy, including its need to build a nation at the same time it was fighting a war. As usual, John doesn't get much into the actual battle-by-battle breakdown. He does talk a little about the overarching strategy that won the war, and Grant's plan to just overwhelm the South with numbers. Grant took a lot of losses in the latter days of the war, but in the end, it did lead to the surrender of the South.
The Civil War, Part I Crash Course US History 20
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we come at last to the Civil War, the conflict that in many ways created a nation. So here's what you won't be getting today. We will not be describing battles and tactics. If that's your bag, might I suggest Ken Burns or if you prefer books like 1000 Authors, my favorites being James McPherson and Shelby Foot. And number two, we won't be bashing praising Abraham Lincoln very much, although we do have multiple Lincolns here because we've heard that's good for rating. I mean, to watch or read certain accounts, you would think that the Civil War was a lengthy chess game played by Abraham Lincoln against his cunning opponent, Abraham Lincoln. But of course, there were other people involved. We are going to quote a fair bit of Lincoln, though, because you know that one, Tony Kushner, an Academy Award nomination, three, we won't be claiming that the Civil War was somehow secretly about something other than slavery because that is just so early 20 th century and number 4, there be a lot of jokes today because ha ha ha ha, 700000 people died.
speaker01 00:55:00
Mr Green. Mr Green, actually only 680000 people died. Yeah, it depends on how you count little ghoul, but recent estimates are between 680000 and 800000 total casualties deadlier for Americans than the American Revolution World War 1 World War 2 and Vietnam combined.
speaker01 01:21:00
So let's start with some basic facts about the American Civil War 1861 to 1865, which corresponded with the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, The Union, or more colloquial league, the North fought against the forces of the Confederate States of America, or the South, called the Union the blue and the Confederates the gray. But in fact, the uniforms weren't very uniform. They were all different kinds of color, and also with all that dirt and blood, they were all just brown. All right, let's go to the thought level. You'll notice from this map that not all the states that held slaves were part of the Confederacy, the border states of Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware and Maryland allowed slavery and never left the United States. All of these border states were critical to the Union. Maryland was north of the nation's capol in Washington, DC Kentucky controlled the Ohio River, Missouri was the gateway to the west, Delaware actually wasn't that important, so none of that should be particularly controversial unless you're from Delaware, but the causes of the war, that's another story.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the election of 1860. As you may remember from last week, things were not great at this time in US history. The tensions between the North and South were rising, ultimately due to the single issue of slavery. The North wanted to abolish slavery, and the South wanted to continue on with it. It seemed like a war was inevitable, and it turns out that it was. But first, the nation had to get through this election. You'll learn how the bloodshed in Kansas and the truly awful Kansas-Nebraska Act led directly to the decrease in popularity of Stephen Douglas, the splitting of the Democratic party, and the unlikely victory of a relatively inexperienced politician from Illinois, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln's election would lead directly to the secession of several southern states, and thus to the Civil War. John will teach you about all this, plus Dred Scott, Roger Taney, and John Brown.
The Election of 1860 the Road to Disunion Crash Course US History 18
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we discuss one of the most confusing questions in American history. What caused the Civil War? Just it's not a confusing question at all. Slavery caused the Civil War like states rights and nationalism, economics from the past. Your senior year of high school you will be taught American government by Mr Fleming, a white Southerner who will seem to you to be about 182 years old, and you will say something to him in class about states rights. And Mr Fleming, we will turn to you and he will say a stake's. Right to what, sir? And for the first time in your snotty little life, you will be well and truly speechless.
speaker01 00:45:00
The road to the Civil War leads to discussions of states, rights to slavery and differing economic systems, specifically whether those economic systems should involve slavery and the election of Abraham Lincoln, specifically how his election impacted slavery. But of those things would have been issues without slavery. So let's pick up with the most controversial section of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law.
speaker01 01:06:00
Now, long time Crash Course viewers will remember that there was already a Fugitive Slave Law written into the United States Constitution. So what made this one so controversial? Under this new law, any citizen was required to turn in anyone he or she knew to be a slave to authorities, and that made, like every person in New England, into a sheriff. And it also required them to enforce a they found ABS. So they ought to be sheriffs. And they didn't even get little gold badges. Have a gold badge? Awesome, thank you.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Mexican-American War in the late 1840s and the expansion of the United States into the western end of North America. In this episode of Crash Course, US territory finally reaches from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Ocean. After Oregon was secured from the UK and the southwest was ceded by Mexico, that is. Famous Americans abound in this episode, including James K Polk (Young Hickory, Napoleon of the Stump), Martin Van Buren, Zachary Taylor, and Winfield Scott. You'll also learn about the California Gold Rush of 1848, and California's admission as a state, which necessitated the Compromise of 1850. Once more slavery is a crucial issue. Something is going to have to be done about slavery, I think. Maybe it will come to a head next week._
War Expansion Crash Course US History 17
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to discuss how the United States came to acquire two of its largest states, Texas, and there is another one Mr Green. Mr Green, I believe the answer you're looking for is Alaska me from the past, as you can clearly tell from the Globe, Alaska statehood never happened. No, I am referring of course, to California. Are we using your computer today? Stay on, we've talked about westward expansion a few times here on Crash Course, but it's usually about like Kentucky or Ohio, this time we're going really West, I mean, not like Hawaii West, but see the Shining sea west.
speaker01 00:41:00
So you might remember that journalist John O'sullivan coined the phrase manifest Destiny to describe America's gods given by right to take over all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, regardless of who happened to be living there. Sorry Native Americans, Mexican French fur trappers, beavers, bison, prairie dogs, passenger pigeons. I'm not going to go so far as to give God credit for America's internal imperialism, but I will say that our expansion had a lot to do with economics, especially when you consider Jefferson's ideas about the empire of liberty. And I just say liberty. That means technically I also have to talk about slavery, but we're going to kick the slavery can down the road until later in the show, just like American politicians did in the 1008 hundred by 1860, nearly 300000 people had made the trip that has since been immortalized by the classic educational video game.
speaker01 01:26:00
Oregon Trail, by the way, is inaccurate in the sense that a family of six, even a very hungry one, can not eat a buffalo, but is extremely accurate in that a lot of people died of dysentery and cholera frickin disease. So Oregon at the time was jointly controlled by the us and Britain, northern Mexico, and at the time included what are now Texas, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico and California, but New Mexico and California with the only two with like big settlements. About 30000 Mexicans lived in New Mexico and about 3500 in California. And in both places says they were outnumbered by Native Americans.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green finally gets around to talking about some women's history. In the 19th Century, the United States was changing rapidly, as we noted in the recent Market Revolution and Reform Movements episodes. Things were also in a state of flux for women. The reform movements, which were in large part driven by women, gave these self-same women the idea that they could work on their own behalf, and radically improve the state of their own lives. So, while these women were working on prison reform, education reform, and abolition, they also started talking about equal rights, universal suffrage, temperance, and fair pay. Women like Susan B. Anthony, Carry Nation, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Grimkés, and Lucretia Mott strove tirelessly to improve the lot of American women, and it worked, eventually. John will teach you about the Christian Temperance Union, the Seneca Falls Convention, the Declaration of Sentiments, and a whole bunch of other stuff that made life better for women.
Women in the 19th Century Crash Course US History 16
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about Wonder Women Mr Green Mr Green, finally we get to the history of the United States as seen through the lens of Marvel comic superheroes. Oh me from the past sniveling little idiot. Wonder Woman is from the DC universe also, this is the study of history, which means a constant reexamination and redefinition of what it means to be a hero. And in the case of this episode, it's about taking the first steps toward acknowledging that not all heroes worthy of historical recognition are men. So we're going to talk about how women transformed pre-civil War America as they fought to improve prisons, schools, decrease public drunkenness, and end slavery. And while fighting for change and justice for others, American women discovered that the prisoners, children, and slaves they were fighting for weren't the only people being oppressed and marginalized in the American democracy.
speaker01 01:00:00
In the colonial era, most American women of European descent lived lives much like those of their European counterparts. They were legally and socially subservient to men and trapped within patriarchal structure. Lower and working class women were actually more equal to men of their own classes, but only because they were like equally poor. As usual, it all comes back to economics in general. Throughout world history, the higher the social class, the greater the restrictions on women. Although high class women have traditionally had the lowest mortality rates, which is one of the benefits of, you know, doors and extra lifeboats and whatnot. So at least you get to enjoy that oppression.
speaker01 01:34:00
For many years, as previously noted, American women did participate in the American Revolution, but they were still expected to marry and have kids rather than pursue a career under the legal principle of coverture, Actually, husbands held authority over the person, property, and choices of their wine. Also, since women weren't permitted to own property, and property ownership was a precondition for voting, they were totally shut out of the political process.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about various reform movements in the 19th century United States, from Utopian societies to the Second Great Awakening to the Abolition movement.
19th Century Reforms Crash Course US History 15
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we finally get to talk about sex. Also some other things. Today we're going to discuss religious and moral reform movements in 19th century America, but I promise there will be some sex Mr Green Mr Green, is it going to be about real sex or is it going to be about people who are obsessed with not having sex? You got me there, me from the past, but how and whether we scoot, we poop ends up saying a lot about America and also people in general.
speaker01 00:34:00
So one response to the massive changes brought about by the shift to an industrialized market economy was to create utopian communities where people could separate themselves from the worst aspects of this brave new world, The most famous at the time, and arguably still where the shape who were famous for their excellent furniture. So you can't say that they really fully withdrew from the market system. Still Shaker communities did separate themselves from the competition that characterized free markets, especially in terms of the competition petition for mate. They were celibate and therefore only able to increase their numbers by recruitment, which was made a little bit difficult by celibacy. But they did do a lot of dancing to sublimated their libid next urges. They embrace equality of the sexes, and at their peak they had more than 6 0 members. Today they are still one of the most successful utopian communities to have emerged in the 19th century.
speaker01 01:20:00
They have three members much more successful in the long run, with the latter Day Saints, also called Mormons, although at the time their ideas were so far out of the mainstream that they were persecuted and chased from New York all the way to Utah. In addition to the Bible, the l.d.s. church holds the Book of Mormon as a Holy Scripture, which tells of the resurrected Jesus' visits to the Americas, and while it was subject to widespread persecution in some massacres, the l.d.s. Church continued to grow and in fact continues to today. So while some of these communities were based in religion, others were more worldly attempts to create new models of society, like Brook Farm, founded in 1841 by a group of transcendentalists, is a dependent cause that always ends in failure.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the presidency of Andrew Jackson. So how did a president with astoundingly bad fiscal policies end up on the $20 bill? That's a question we can't answer, but we can tell you how Jackson got to be president, and how he changed the country when he got the job.
Age of Jackson Crash Course US History 14
speaker01 00:01:00
Green crash and's? Ha?
speaker01 00:14:00
No, Stan, come on, seriously? No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, yes, that Jackson, Andrew Jackson.
speaker01 00:34:00
Sorry, just had to check my caller. So you'll recall that the initial democracy of the United States wasn't terribly Democratic. Almost all voters were white male landowners. Mr Green Mr Green, that's just radically unfair. Exactly me from the past, between 18 and 2018, 50, this started to change. State legislatures lowered or else eliminated the property qualifications for voting, which allowed many more people to vote so long as they were, you know, both white and male. Mr Green, green I'd be in. Yeah, that seems reasonable. Yeah, from the past quick privilege check.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about America's "peculiar institution," slavery. I wouldn't really call it peculiar. I'd lean more toward the horrifying and depressing institution, but nobody asked me. John will talk about what life was like for a slave in the 19th century United States, and how slaves resisted oppression, to the degree that was possible. We'll hear about cotton plantations, violent punishment of slaves, day-to-day slave life, and slave rebellions. Nat Turner, Harriet Tubman, and Whipped Peter all make an appearance. Slavery as an institution is arguably the darkest part of America's history, and we're still dealing with its aftermath 150 years after it ended.
Slavery - Crash Course US History 13
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going talk about slavery, which is not funny. We put a lay on the eagle to try to cheer you up, but let's face it, this is going be pressing with slavery. Every you think like I couldn't have been that bad, it turns out to have been much Mr Mr Green, but what about me? From the best? I'm going to stop you right there because you're going to embarrass yourself.
speaker01 00:19:00
Slavery was hugely important to America. I mean, it led to a civil war and it also lasted what, at least in US history counts as a long ass time from 6 and 19 to 1865. And yes, I know there's a 1200 year old church in your neighborhood in Denmark, but we're not talking about Denmark. But slavery is most important because we still struggle with its legacy. So yes, today's episode will probably not be funny, but it will be important.
speaker01 00:51:00
So the slaves based oned economy in the South is sometimes characterized as having been separate from the market revolution. But that's not really the case. Without southern cotton, the North wouldn't have been able to invest, realize, at least not as quickly, because cotton textiles were one of the first industrially produced products and the most important commodity in world trade. By the 19th century. And three quarters of the world's cotton came from the American South. And speaking of cotton, why has no one mentioned to me that my collar has been half pop this entire episode? Like I'm trying to recreate the flying nuns' hat, and although there were increasingly fewer slaves in the North as Northern states outlawed slavery, cotton shipments overseas made northern merchants rich.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the Market Revolution. In the first half of the 19th century, the way people lived and worked in the United States changed drastically. At play was the classic (if anything in a 30-year-old nation can be called classic) American struggle between the Jeffersonian ideal of individuals sustaining themselves on small farms vs. the Hamiltonian vision of an economy based on manufacturing and trade. I'll give you one guess who won. Too late! It was Hamilton, which is why if you live in the United States, you probably live in a city and are unlikely to be a farmer. Please resist the urge to comment about this if you live in the country and/or are a farmer. Your anecdotal experience doesn't change the fact that most people live in cities. In the early 19th century, new technologies in transportation and communication helped remake the economic system of the country. Railroads and telegraphs changed the way people moved goods and information around. The long and short of it is, the Market Revolution meant that people now went somewhere to work rather than working at home. Often, that somewhere was a factory where they worked for an hourly wage rather than getting paid for the volume of goods they manufactured. This shift in the way people work has repercussions in our daily lives right down to today. Watch as John teaches you how the Market Revolution sowed the seeds of change in the way Americans thought about the roles of women, slavery, and labor rights. Also, check out high school John wearing his Academic Decathalon medals.
The Market Revolution Crash Course US History 12
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we return to one of my favorite subjects and green. Mr Green, I don't brag, but economics is actually my best subject. I got the bronze medal at the state decathlon tournament among C students. Yeah, I remember me from the past, by the way, thanks for reading that picture into our show. It just goes to show you aptitude is not destiny. Anyway, economics is about much more than like supply and demand curves. Ultimately, it's about the decisions people make and how those decisions show shape their lives and the world.
speaker01 00:29:00
So today we're going to turn to one of the least studied but most interesting periods in American history, the Market Revolution. There weren't any fancy wars or politically charged debates, but this discussion shaped the way that most Americans actually live their lives and think about work on a daily basis. Like if you or someone you know goes to work, well, then you have the market revolution to thank or possibly to curse.
speaker01 01:01:00
The market revolution, like the Industrial Revolution, was more of a process than an event. It happened in the first half of the 19th century, basically the period before the Civil War. This was the sole carelle era of good feelings, because between 1000 and 818830 twos, there was really only one political party making the American politics, you know, much less contentious, also more boring. The market revolution saw many Americans move away from producing stuff largely for themselves on independent farms, that Jeffersonian ideal, and toward producing goods for sale to others, often others who were very far away with prices set by competition with other producers. This was closer to Hamilton's American dream in the end. But you didn't get to be president. But you did win. In many ways, this was the beginning of the modern commercial industrial economy, not just in the United States, but in the war.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the United States Constitution. During and after the American Revolutionary War, the government of the new country operated under the Articles of Confederation. While these Articles got the young nation through its war with England, they weren't of much use when it came to running a country. So, the founding fathers decided to try their hand at nation-building, and they created the Constitution of the United States, which you may remember as the one that says We The People at the top. John will tell you how the convention came together, some of the compromises that had to be made to pass this thing, and why it's very lucky that the framers installed a somewhat reasonable process for making changes to the thing. You'll learn about Shays' Rebellion, the Federalist Papers, the elite vs rabble dynamic of the houses of congress, and start to find out just what an anti-federalist is.
The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism Crash Course US History 8
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about the United States Constitution. And in doing so, we're going to explore how the American style of government became the envy of the entire world. So much so that everyone else copied us. We're not going to talk about other countries stealing our former government because no other countries stole our form of government. That doesn't seem possible Sta. Nope, damn, not that libertore cue the intro.
speaker01 00:34:00
So today we're going to learn why the green areas of not America didn't copy us, right?
speaker01 00:38:00
So as Americans may dimly remember from history classes, the constitutional system we've been living under since 1007 hundred eighty-eights year of the first presidential election was not the original American government. Government set up by the Continental Congress was called the Articles of Confederation, and it was, in a word, bad. In two words, it was not good, which is why it only lasted 10 years, that it wasn't so much a framework for a national government as it was a firm league of friendship, which unfortunately only sounds like a team of care bear superheroes.
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From: U.S. History by Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and its former colonial overlord England. It started in, you guessed it 1812. The war lasted until 1815, and it resolved very little. John will take you through the causes of the war, tell you a little bit about the fighting itself, and get into just why the US Army couldn't manage to make any progress invading Canada. And yes, Canadians, we're going to talk about the White House getting burned down. The upshot: no territory changed hands, and most of the other bones of contention were solved prior to the actual war. Although nothing much changed for the US and England, the Native Americans were the big losers. Tecumseh was killed, and the Indian tribes lost a lot of territory. Watch as John lays it all out for you. Also, check out #1812problems on Twitter. It's awesome.
The War of 1812 - Crash Course US History 11
speaker01 00:00:00
Hi I'm John Green, this is Crash Course us history and today we're going to talk about what America's best at war. Mr Green, the United States has actually only declared war 5 times in the last 230 years. Me from the past, you sniveling literal list. Well, today we're going to talk about America's first declared war, the war of 1000 and 812, so called AED because his story are terrible at naming thing. I mean, they could have called it the Revolutionary War part du or the Canadian cataclysm or the war to facilitate future wars. But no, they just named it after the year it started.
speaker01 00:44:00
I know this disappoints the military historians among you, but as usual, we're going to spend more time talking about the causes and effects of the war than the actual like killing parts. Because ultimately, it's the ambiguity of the war of 1008 hundred that makes it so interesting.
speaker01 00:58:00
Most often given for the War of 18, 1 was the British impressment of American sailors, whereby American sailors would be kidnapped and basically forced into British servitors, disrupted American shipping. It also seems like a reasonably obvious violation of American sovereignty, but it's a little more complicated than that. First of all, there many thousands of British sailors working aboard American ships, so many of the sailors that the British captured were in fact British, which gets to the larger point, that citizenship at the time was a pretty slippery concept, especially on the high seas. Like papers were often forged and many sailors identified their supposed Americanness through tattoos of like eagles and flags. And there were several reasons why British sailors might want to become or pretend to be an American, including that the Brits at the time were fighting Napoleon and what historians in their infinite creativity called the Napoleonic Wars. And on that topic Britain's impressment policy allowed them both to disrupt American shipping to France and to get new British sailors to strengthen their war effort, which was annoying to the Americans on a couple levels, especially French loving Republicans, which is a phrase that you don't hear very often anymore.