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Episode: Introducing: The Youth Development Center

Author: NHPR
Duration: 00:31:46

Episode Shownotes

For three decades, Andy Perkins didn’t talk about what happened to him at a place called YDC – the Youth Development Center. Then, he saw something on the news, and he realized he wasn’t the only person with a story about YDC. Andy gives us a rare glimpse into the

black box of the juvenile justice system. Click here to read the companion digital story made in collaboration with The Pudding.If you have suffered abuse and need someone to talk to, you can call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 1-800-656-4673. If you’re in a mental health crisis, call the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 9-8-8. To support investigative journalism like The Youth Development Center at NHPR, click here. SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE TEAM BEHIND BEAR BROOK BY MAKING A DONATION HERE!

Summary

In this episode of 'Bear Brook' by NHPR, Andy Perkins recounts his harrowing experiences at the Youth Development Center (YDC) in New Hampshire, a facility initially intended to rehabilitate juvenile offenders. Testimonies reveal that YDC instead became a site of severe abuse and trauma for many youths. Perkins shares a chilling encounter with a staff member who exploited his authority, leading to manipulation and threats that resulted in lasting trauma. The episode highlights systemic failures within the juvenile justice system, raising critical questions about accountability and the need for reform in protecting vulnerable young individuals.

Go to PodExtra AI's episode page (Introducing: The Youth Development Center) to play and view complete AI-processed content: summary, mindmap, topics, takeaways, transcript, keywords and highlights.

Full Transcript

00:00:02 Speaker_00
Hey, it's Jason Moon. I wanted to let you know what I've been up to. For the past year or so, while I've been keeping an eye on how Jason Carroll's case is playing out, I've also been working on a new story.

00:00:15 Speaker_00
It's about another place in New Hampshire where a very different kind of crime has apparently been happening for decades. That place is known around here as YDC, the Youth Development Center.

00:00:29 Speaker_00
It's the juvenile detention center where the state sends kids who break the law. The idea was that instead of putting these kids into adult jails and prisons, YDC would be different. It would shelter, nurture and educate these kids.

00:00:45 Speaker_00
But that's not what happened. Over the past few years, more than a thousand kids who went through YDC say it was a living nightmare. And the facility is now at the center of one of the largest scandals of its kind in American history.

00:01:05 Speaker_00
I spent the past year digging into this, asking, how could this have happened? What I found. Honestly, it shocked me. This new podcast is called The Youth Development Center. We're putting the first episode right here in the Bear Brook feed.

00:01:24 Speaker_00
To hear the rest of this three-part series, subscribe to The Youth Development Center on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. Here's episode one of The Youth Development Center, The Black Box.

00:01:41 Speaker_00
Andy Perkins wanted to get it right, to keep all the memories straight. So we wrote it down. In three Word documents, Andy typed out a personal history of his time at a place called YDC, the Youth Development Center.

00:01:59 Speaker_00
Andy had just reached out to some lawyers, and he figured it would be important to get all the stories together in one place.

00:02:05 Speaker_03
I'm worried I didn't put something in that would be needed. I'm worried I'll hear that I didn't get all the stories in the correct order or something crazy like that. These things happen. It was 30 years ago. I remember these things extremely vividly.

00:02:23 Speaker_03
What I don't remember for sure is exact timing and some events that surround these.

00:02:29 Speaker_00
YDC was the juvenile jail for the state of New Hampshire.

00:02:33 Speaker_00
Judges sent boys and girls there for all kinds of reasons, sometimes a serious violent act like an assault or even a murder, but usually much smaller things like stealing or running away from home. For Andy, it was a burglary.

00:02:50 Speaker_00
He and a friend broke into a house that Andy says was a party spot for local kids. He says they found some cocaine inside and they used it. And then Andy says they trashed the place. He was 14.

00:03:03 Speaker_00
First, the judge sent him to a group home, then a wilderness therapy camp. Then, Andy need a staffer at the camp in the groin. The judge declared Andy was a danger to society. So, off to YDC, the last stop in the state's juvenile justice system.

00:03:21 Speaker_03
I was scared. I was terrified. It was real, you know. Jail. The doors. Everything, you know. Especially the door sound, I think, bothered me the most. That clicking sound. It's so final. It's so... You know you're shut off from the world.

00:03:40 Speaker_00
At YDC, kids were separated into several buildings staff called cottages. Air quotes there because these were detention facilities, blocky brick buildings with cells inside. Each cottage had a different name. Andy was assigned to East Cottage.

00:03:59 Speaker_00
Today, Andy is in his late 40s, dark hair and a wiry frame. And despite the sobering story that he shared with me, he has this optimism. He's always ending his text messages to me with a smiley face.

00:04:13 Speaker_00
It's an outlook he brought even to this letter, describing his first few months as a 15-year-old at YDC.

00:04:22 Speaker_03
I want to point out some of the positive. The other staff at East Cottage were mostly decent humans in my experience. There was one staff specifically named Eric at East. He knew my family was poor.

00:04:35 Speaker_03
He saw that I had no money for sodas and other perks that others did have. He would bring in furniture for me to sand and pay my account so I could have money for the extras. I decided to work on getting released and began that quest.

00:04:51 Speaker_03
I went out of my way to look good. I would stay up late and wax the floors on occasion. I made sure I was respectful to staff and other residents. The depression I had been suffering was lifting, and I felt good.

00:05:03 Speaker_00
Andy didn't stay at East Cottage for long. Cottages at YDC had different levels of security and restrictions for the kids. Good behavior could earn you a spot in the more relaxed cottage, Pinecrest.

00:05:16 Speaker_00
At Pinecrest, you could earn weekends home to see your family.

00:05:20 Speaker_03
Pinecrest was the way home. That had been my goal since the first group home. I earned my way to Pinecrest and felt really good about myself. The staff at Pinecrest would lead back and let us get away with a lot more than East Cottage.

00:05:37 Speaker_03
They brought us on field trips, gave us freedom and trust. I have no complaints about the staff at Pinecrest. This was also when my estranged father showed up out of the blue to visit me. I'd only seen him twice in my life until then.

00:05:50 Speaker_03
Can I have a second? I didn't expect that. Jesus.

00:05:58 Speaker_01
Do you want to take a break?

00:06:00 Speaker_03
No. Just a second.

00:06:05 Speaker_00
I had asked Andy to read this letter out loud for me in a studio at NHPR. It wasn't easy for him. There were moments when Andy's feelings suddenly rushed to the surface, like this one when he got to the part about his dad.

00:06:20 Speaker_00
Andy struggled with his father's absence as a kid, and his relationship with his mom wasn't great either. So just imagine the mix of hope and trepidation in 15-year-old Andy.

00:06:31 Speaker_00
His absent dad suddenly shows up at YDC and tells him he's going to try to get him out of there, so that Andy can move in with him. Andy is excited, and he says he goes on his best behavior.

00:06:44 Speaker_00
And eventually, it earns him a weekend pass from YDC to visit his dad's house.

00:06:51 Speaker_03
I was told I had to speak to Lucian before I went home. I was escorted by staff from Pinecrest. I think it was Al that brought me, I don't remember his last name, to the main building. I took a seat in front of Lucian's desk.

00:07:06 Speaker_03
He told Al he would call them to pick me up after we were done talking. Al left and Lucian sat at his desk. Lucian asked, why you should let me go home for the weekend. I was confused.

00:07:19 Speaker_03
I had never spoken to Lucian and thought I had done everything required. I replied, I've done everything I was told I needed to do, plus volunteering for extra jobs. Lucian laughed and said, you haven't done everything. I asked what I had done wrong.

00:07:36 Speaker_03
Lucian laughed again. replied, it's not about what you did wrong, it's about what have you done for me. I was very confused. I had barely ever spoken to this guy. What the hell does he mean? I thought. I told him I didn't understand.

00:07:57 Speaker_03
He asked how badly I wanted to go home. I told him it's all I can think about. I told him how much I miss all my friends and family. I told him I did what I was told was needed, but if I missed something, I would make up for it.

00:08:13 Speaker_03
Lucian giggled and said, good. I'll never forget how he said the word good. It was evil. Lucian then said, let's get started. He pushed his wheel-desk chair from behind the desk so I could see all of him. You could see it in the direction to his pants.

00:08:37 Speaker_03
He slapped his inner thighs and said, I need help with this. I couldn't look at him after this and didn't know what to do. I felt sick. He kept telling me to look at it. Look at me. Look at it. It's okay. Don't be shy. He kept talking.

00:08:58 Speaker_03
Five minutes from now, you could be going home. Let's look at it." He began to unzip his pants. I stood up and walked to the door. It was locked. I started to panic. I was scared.

00:09:12 Speaker_03
When I finally could speak, I said, it's okay, I'll just stay at the cottage. I don't want to go home anymore. He told me to sit down. I begged him to just let me leave. He got angry, zipped his pants up, and yelled, fine.

00:09:26 Speaker_03
I knew you didn't want to go home, he said.

00:09:33 Speaker_00
And he says, before Lucian kicked him out of his office that day, he warned him.

00:09:39 Speaker_03
You know they won't believe you if you say anything.

00:09:44 Speaker_00
Lucian was an adult, a supervisor at YDC. Andy was just a kid. And more than that, he was a quote-unquote bad kid. So Lucian was probably right. Who was going to believe him? For three decades, Andy didn't really talk about YDC.

00:10:08 Speaker_00
And then he saw something on the news. The faces of some of the same YDC staff, not just Lucia, who had abused him. And Andy realized he wasn't the only person with a story about YDC. So he called some lawyers, started writing that letter.

00:10:29 Speaker_00
30 years after he left the facility, Andy Perkins learned his story was part of the biggest government scandal in state history. From New Hampshire Public Radio, I'm Jason Moon, and this is the Youth Development Center.

00:11:10 Speaker_00
From the outside, today, YDC doesn't look so bad. More like a small college campus than a jail. To get there, you cross through a suburban neighborhood, then turn up a long, leafy road. The land used to be a farm.

00:11:27 Speaker_00
It belonged to the revolutionary war hero who came up with New Hampshire's famous state motto, live free or die. The whole idea of YDC goes back to the 1850s. It had a different name back then, but same campus and roughly same idea.

00:11:47 Speaker_00
A place for the state to shelter, educate and nurture troubled kids instead of sending them to adult jails and prisons. Back when it started, that was kind of a radical idea. And the people in charge of YDC loved to promote it.

00:12:04 Speaker_00
As far back as 1879, YDC was pitched as a place of reform, a quote, pleasant home, not a prison. It was built to save the kids who were sent there. But in the early 1990s, that is not how Andy Perkins felt.

00:12:24 Speaker_00
That day, he walked out of Lucian's office, he was scared, and Lucian's warning was ringing in his ears.

00:12:31 Speaker_03
You know they won't believe you if you say anything.

00:12:34 Speaker_00
Lucian Paulet declined to comment for this story through an attorney. This is the first time Andy has told this story publicly, which is a big deal because normally YDC is a black box.

00:12:53 Speaker_00
Since it's a juvenile facility, almost all of the records are confidential. For the same reason, you can't just call or write a letter to a kid inside to ask them how things are going. You can't even learn the names of the kids inside.

00:13:07 Speaker_00
Their families can visit. But a lot of the kids at YDC were there because of an unstable home life. So it's not easy to find out what's happening in YDC. If you drive up to the campus and just start looking around, you'll get kicked out. Believe me.

00:13:27 Speaker_00
And all this is why I want you to hear from Andy. Not just because he was there and wrote down his experience in powerful writing, but because he also came with receipts. Andy requested his own resident file from YDC, and then he shared it with me.

00:13:46 Speaker_03
So the first thing when I started going through all that was, you know, I'm seeing this stuff and it's bringing back memories, but what really, really, really slammed me was seeing my picture.

00:13:56 Speaker_03
And if you look in the very first picture, I still, I, I was still okay. You know, I could see it in my eyes. I was still a kid, but not after that. Look at the subsequent ones. I don't know.

00:14:10 Speaker_00
The file is a collection of all kinds of documents about Andy's journey through the juvenile justice system. The pictures Andy found are from different points at his time at YDC, from 1991 to 1993, from 15 to 18 years old.

00:14:26 Speaker_00
There's a report on the items Andy had on him when he was booked at YDC. One sweater, one pair of jeans, one gold metal colored chain. Even some of Andy's worksheets from the on-campus school at YDC.

00:14:40 Speaker_00
But there were a few records that really caught my eye. A couple of handwritten reports by YDC staff about a time when they say they physically restrained Andy. And Andy says something much worse happened.

00:14:53 Speaker_03
I never got to see this back then, but, uh, I'm looking at their reports on what happened and well, theirs doesn't make sense. And then you're in mine and you're like, Oh,

00:15:09 Speaker_00
I'm going to walk you through this moment so you can hear for yourself how staff described it in their own words. The incident involves two former YDC staffers, Gordon Thomas Searles and John McDonald.

00:15:23 Speaker_00
I'm just going to let you know now that you're not going to hear from them. Gordon Searles declined to comment through an attorney. John McDonald is dead. The incident happens on June 21st, 1993. Andy is 17 years old.

00:15:39 Speaker_00
It's been a couple of years since that moment in Lucian's office. And it's clear that something goes down in Andy's room. But it's hard to say what exactly, because Gordon and John's reports, they don't quite match up.

00:15:54 Speaker_00
Gordon writes that he went into Andy's room because he was being loud. Then Gordon writes that, quote, Andy started up again, being very mouthy. Andy got up quick. I grabbed Andy's left arm and restrained, and I had him against the wall, end quote.

00:16:12 Speaker_00
But John, his report says he and Gordon restrained Andy two separate times, first in Andy's room, and then again after they moved him to a second room.

00:16:22 Speaker_00
During one of the restraints, John writes, quote, I could see that Andy's temper was starting to escalate, and I thought he was going to get up off his bed. John says they held Andy down on the bed until he calmed down.

00:16:38 Speaker_00
These reports were written the day after the incident, so the fact they don't even agree on the number of times they restrained Andy is a little suspicious. So is there justification for why they needed to hold down a 17-year-old?

00:16:53 Speaker_00
Quote, I thought he was going to get up off his bed. No indication that Andy was dangerous in any way. And then the way they describe how they handled Andy, it's all cloaked in euphemisms. At one point, John says they, quote, guided Andy to the bed.

00:17:12 Speaker_00
Here's what Andy says really happened that day. He wrote about it in his letter that he read to me in the studio. Andy starts the story a bit before the incident.

00:17:23 Speaker_03
During one of our counseling sessions with Gordon, Tommy, he let us ask him some questions. I asked where he had went to school for psychology. I assumed that he must have gone to college for that if he was a counselor.

00:17:40 Speaker_03
I asked because I figured it would be a community-type college. He was terrible at being a counselor. I kept that thought to myself. I got a more physical answer than verbal.

00:17:52 Speaker_03
He stood up, grabbed me by the collar, and said, still running, you fucking mouse? He led me to my cell and pushed me through the door. All I could say was, what did I do wrong? I only asked you where you went to college.

00:18:05 Speaker_03
Tommy said, you know you're trying to make me look bad.

00:18:09 Speaker_00
In Andy's version, it all goes down in his cell. Andy is sitting on his bed. Gordon Thomas Searles, who Andy sometimes refers to as Tommy or Tom in his letter, is standing near him.

00:18:21 Speaker_00
Then John McDonald, the other staffer, he shows up and stands in the doorway. Andy keeps arguing with him.

00:18:28 Speaker_03
I looked at Johnny and said, you weren't there and should mind your own fucking business. Instant regret. Johnny started coming at me. I felt Tom grab my arms and pull them behind me. Johnny grabbed a pillow. I thought he was going to suffocate me.

00:18:52 Speaker_03
Started to struggle. Gordon might have had a limp, but he was a big strong guy. I could not break free. Johnny took the pillow and put it against my neck with his hand around my throat and pushed me against the wall.

00:19:07 Speaker_03
These pillows were maybe a quarter inch thick. I could feel his fingers squeezing harder and harder. I was sitting on the bed and now my neck was straight with the wall but my back wasn't. Johnny cranked my neck into the wall.

00:19:22 Speaker_03
I heard a pop and started to black out. Last thing I remember was Johnny in my face on top of me saying, I could fucking kill you right now, and no one would care.

00:19:43 Speaker_00
We can't rely on abusers to report themselves. And the government officials who ran YDC seem to know that. So they set up a way for the kids to make complaints, an ombudsman program.

00:19:57 Speaker_00
In theory, it was a way for kids to raise the alarm outside the normal power structure. After Andy was assaulted, he did just that. He used the system exactly the way it was designed.

00:20:11 Speaker_00
He asked for an ombudsman form, and in his 17-year-old handwriting, he describes the assault on him, saying, quote, there was an argument, and John McDonald grabbed my neck for no reason.

00:20:22 Speaker_00
I don't think staff should physically touch a resident unless they are losing control. Signed, Andy Perkins. And it seems like Andy filling out this form did prompt some investigating.

00:20:39 Speaker_00
Because the very next page in Andy's resident file is an unlined white sheet of paper with a handwritten note from a supervisor. The supervisor says he's discussed the allegations with Andy and the staff involved.

00:20:53 Speaker_00
The nurse tells him Andy's neck is swollen. A doctor has put Andy in a neck brace. And then the supervisor apparently looks at Andy for himself and he writes, quote, he does have finger marks on his neck. So the system is working so far, right?

00:21:21 Speaker_00
Andy complained of abuse. A supervisor is looking into it and is corroborating his claim. The supervisor even writes that he notifies the local police department. And then he finishes his report with this line, quote, as of now, it's out of my hands.

00:21:39 Speaker_00
Which is a kind of funny thing to say if you're really concerned about Andy being physically abused. It's the day after the incident, and you can almost hear this supervisor wiping his hands clean.

00:21:53 Speaker_00
By the way, Andy remembers this part a little differently, too. He told me YDC staff didn't notify the police. He did.

00:22:02 Speaker_03
Yeah, I called 911 as soon as I got to a phone.

00:22:05 Speaker_02
You called 911 from inside YDC? Yeah.

00:22:08 Speaker_03
So State Trooper showed up, talked to me a little, joked with them, laughed, never heard another thing about it.

00:22:15 Speaker_00
So law enforcement knew about this incident. A kid in a juvenile jail with finger marks on his neck, who now had to wear a neck brace, who says YDC staff did this to him. And what happens next? Nothing.

00:22:33 Speaker_00
There's no record that Thomas Gordon Searles or John McDonald faced any criminal charges for this. And they both went on to work at YDC for years. As a 17-year-old in a neck brace, Andy Perkins had the wherewithal to file a formal complaint.

00:22:52 Speaker_00
He even says he called the police from inside YDC, the most earnest kid-logic cry for help I can imagine in a facility like this. He did exactly what the system asks a kid in this situation to do, report the abuse. It doesn't help.

00:23:13 Speaker_00
Meanwhile, on paper, YDC staff can say they followed protocol. They gave Andy the ombudsman form. A supervisor looked into it. Heck, they even got the police involved. They checked the bureaucratic boxes. And then they said it was out of their hands.

00:23:51 Speaker_00
Andy turned 18 in 1993, and YDC released him because they had to. He was an adult, legally, and outside the reach of the juvenile justice system.

00:24:04 Speaker_00
Andy says he had lingering pain from that assault on the bed, migraines and sharp stabs in his neck and back at random moments. Sometimes he says his feet would go numb for no apparent reason.

00:24:17 Speaker_03
I was able to function partially up until my mid-thirties. The pains I suffered were manageable with painkillers. It got to a point where I couldn't do physical work. The headaches, back, neck pain was an everyday, all-the-time occurrence.

00:24:34 Speaker_03
I'm poor because I can't work. There is no solution when you're poor. I could write forever on my time at YTC and the messed up things that happened to me and others. These are the things that bother me the most. I'm reminded every day what happened.

00:24:53 Speaker_03
As soon as I wake up, I'm in pain.

00:25:04 Speaker_00
In the studio, Andy finishes reading his personal history of YDC. He starts nervously rearranging the papers. Andy didn't come to the studio alone. Sitting next to him the whole time was his ex-wife, Amy Cousins.

00:25:20 Speaker_00
Andy and Amy seem to have one of those separated spouse relationships that's so healthy, it's inspiring. They have a daughter together who's 15.

00:25:31 Speaker_00
Before I turned the mics on, the three of us were just chatting, and Andy and Amy were talking about their daughter, and it was like someone just lit a fire in the fireplace. It was so wholesome and good.

00:25:43 Speaker_00
But it wasn't until Andy started reading that I realized he brought Amy with him, not just for moral support, but also so that she could hear what really happened to Andy at YDC for the first time.

00:25:59 Speaker_03
You don't have to sit through it if you don't want Amy. I'm sorry. She knows some of this, but she doesn't know all of it, you know what I mean? So she's finding out about some of it now, too. It's good. Obviously, I need to get it out, so that's good.

00:26:19 Speaker_00
It took Andy about an hour to read everything he wrote about YDC. Most of it is painful, a lot more abuse than we could cover in this episode. And once he's done, I see that Amy's eyes are filled with tears.

00:26:36 Speaker_04
Pretty much all I knew was that he was abused there and physically thrown around, that's it. Like, I've known him for, what do we say, 20 something years. Over 20 years. Never knew any of this, like details, you know.

00:26:57 Speaker_04
But I guess I just never realized how long it was for, like how bad it was.

00:27:07 Speaker_01
Why do you think you guys hadn't talked about it in detail before?

00:27:11 Speaker_04
I just don't think he probably wanted to even bring it up unless he had to when this came about.

00:27:21 Speaker_03
It's embarrassing, to be honest. But I'm past that. I didn't ask him.

00:27:29 Speaker_04
I never asked him to tell me.

00:27:36 Speaker_02
What does it feel like now to have it out on the table for the first time?

00:27:42 Speaker_03
I'm kind of glad she knows. Because she's had to deal with some shit. I'm not pleasant sometimes, I'll tell you that. I've had issues. And maybe she can understand that a little better.

00:27:54 Speaker_04
This definitely makes me think of things a lot differently with things that have happened.

00:28:02 Speaker_00
Amy was looking at Andy as she said this. Later, she told me she was thinking of the terrible mood swings Andy used to have. Now, she says, they made a little more sense. Andy Perkins is now 48 years old.

00:28:23 Speaker_00
He's had this story in his head, in his body, for about 30 years. And until about the last four years, I think it's fair to say not many people would have been interested or would have believed him. But now they do.

00:28:41 Speaker_00
Because there's somewhere around 1,300 Andes. Andes story is now just one part of one of the largest youth detention abuse scandals in American history. And that's what this series is about.

00:29:05 Speaker_00
A place that boys and girls were forced by court order to live in, that was supposed to nurture them, that instead hurt them in some of the worst ways imaginable. A place that for decades was a black box that people are finally seeing into.

00:29:24 Speaker_00
And what they're finding is absolutely shocking. How did this happen? How did it finally come to light? I'll show you. Next time on the Youth Development Center, what happens when a staffer does believe a kid and tries to raise the alarm?

00:29:49 Speaker_00
At that point, I was scared. I realized I was working in the wrong place. A quick word before we go. If you have suffered abuse and need someone to talk to, you can call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 1-800-656-4673.

00:30:07 Speaker_00
If you're in a mental health crisis, call the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988. You can also find these numbers in the show notes. The Youth Development Center is reported, written, and produced by me, Jason Moon. It's edited by Katie Culinary.

00:30:28 Speaker_00
Additional editing by Lauren Chooljian, Dan Barrick, and Maribah Knight. Fact-checking by Dania Suleiman. Our website is ydcpodcast.org.

00:30:38 Speaker_00
It was made in collaboration with Russell Samora and Alvin Chang at the Peabody Award-winning digital publication, The Pudding. NHPR's news director is Dan Baric. Our director of podcasts is Rebecca Lavoie.

00:30:50 Speaker_00
Original artwork by Julia Louise Pereira and Jan Dean. Photography by Gabi Lozada and Raquel C. Zaldivar. Original music by me, Jason Moon. Special thanks this episode to Chuck Douglas and Amy Cousins.

00:31:05 Speaker_00
Thanks also to my colleagues Sarah Plord, Zoe Kay, Olivia Richardson, Casey McDermott, Todd Bookman, and Taylor Quimby. The Youth Development Center is a production of the Document Team at New Hampshire Public Radio.

00:31:31 Speaker_00
Thanks for listening to the first episode of the Youth Development Center. To hear the next two episodes, subscribe to the Youth Development Center on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you get podcasts. And visit our website, ydcpodcast.org.