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Episode: A Murder in the Forest
Author: Vox Media Podcast Network
Duration: 00:41:01
Episode Shownotes
One morning, two men got in a boat and sailed down a river in the Amazon rainforest. They were never heard from again. Say hello on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. Sign up for our occasional newsletter, The Accomplice. Follow the show and review us on Apple Podcasts. Sign up
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Summary
In this episode titled 'A Murder in the Forest' from Vox Media Podcast Network, the narrative centers around the mysterious disappearance of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips in the Javari Valley, Brazil. Pereira, an expert on indigenous rights, and Phillips, a journalist, embarked on a trip to document illegal activities threatening indigenous communities. Their vanishing prompted search efforts led by indigenous lawyer Eliasio Marubo, highlighting risks faced in the region. The episode explores the complexities of crime, the impact on local communities, and the ongoing struggles for indigenous rights amidst illegal poaching and political challenges.
Go to PodExtra AI's episode page (A Murder in the Forest) to play and view complete AI-processed content: summary, mindmap, topics, takeaways, transcript, keywords and highlights.
Full Transcript
00:00:01 Speaker_00
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00:00:11 Speaker_00
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00:00:23 Speaker_00
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00:00:38 Speaker_00
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00:00:49 Speaker_00
Just double click, smile at Face ID, tap, and you're done. The people in line behind you will thank you. Apple Pay is a service provided by Apple Payment Services LLC, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. Any card used in Apple Pay is offered by the card issuer.
00:01:08 Speaker_07
Thanks very much to all of you who signed up for Criminal Plus since we shared one of our bonus episodes a few weeks ago. We've got a great new Criminal Plus episode coming out next week.
00:01:18 Speaker_07
Lauren and I are catching up with Terry Clark and her daughter, Tania Hall, who I first talked with earlier this year in our episode 911.
00:01:27 Speaker_07
If you'd like to support our work and get bonus episodes and ad-free listening, go to thisiscriminal.com slash plus. Use the promo code thanks for 20% off of an annual membership.
00:01:41 Speaker_03
It was intended to be a short trip, three days on the river. And they would go down, they're going to spend two nights at the end of the river and come home. And that was going to be it.
00:01:54 Speaker_07
This was in a part of northwestern Brazil called the Javari Valley. It's near the borders of Peru and Colombia. There were two men on the trip. One of them was Brazilian, Bruno Pereira, an expert on indigenous issues who lived and worked in the region.
00:02:11 Speaker_07
The other man was a British journalist named Dom Phillips. He had lived in Brazil for over 15 years, but was visiting the Javari Valley to write about Bruno's work.
00:02:21 Speaker_07
They'd planned to set up from a small town and sail down the Ittiquay River, which cuts through the rainforest. The night before they left, Dom Phillips stayed in one of the only hotels in town.
00:02:33 Speaker_03
The morning he left, he was talking to the manager, and he told the manager, we're heading east down the river.
00:02:43 Speaker_07
But actually, they were heading south. Terry McCoy is the Washington Post's Rio de Janeiro bureau chief.
00:02:51 Speaker_03
And so he obviously was trying to confuse people on where he was going. And then they headed down the river to do their work, going the opposite direction of what he told the hotel manager.
00:03:05 Speaker_07
They'd made a plan to go and visit one of Bruno Pereira's friends and collaborators when they got back, an indigenous lawyer named Eliasio Marubo. They'd worked together protecting indigenous territory in the rainforest.
00:03:20 Speaker_07
Bruno had called Eliasio to let him know they would be coming.
00:03:29 Speaker_08
He said, I'll arrive on Sunday and we'll stop by your house.
00:03:33 Speaker_07
But then, on Sunday morning, Eliasio received a phone call.
00:03:41 Speaker_08
saying, look, Bruno didn't get here. He should have arrived at 8 a.m.
00:03:47 Speaker_04
So I said, stay on the watch.
00:03:49 Speaker_08
He said, no, I'm going to take the other boat and I'm going to try to find him because his boat might have broken down. So he set out to do that.
00:03:57 Speaker_07
They talked again later.
00:04:00 Speaker_08
And he got back and said, Eliesio, I didn't find Bruno. I didn't find any sign of Bruno.
00:04:09 Speaker_07
Eliecio Marubo is speaking to us in Portuguese. Reporter Julia Carneiro translates.
00:04:17 Speaker_08
I called the authorities. I set up a team and I went up the river again, but we didn't find him. Eliecio organized a search team.
00:04:26 Speaker_04
And we carried out a very thorough search.
00:04:32 Speaker_03
When I saw that Dom had gone missing, I didn't know where he was, what was happening. I did know that region, though. I had reported before in the Jafari Valley, and I knew how remote it was. I knew how distant it was.
00:04:50 Speaker_03
And I know that hours, if not days, can go by without having cell service. And so I thought, you know, I think this could still turn out OK. I called a police source. I asked him what he thought had happened.
00:05:05 Speaker_03
And he was like, I think I think they'll show up in a day or two. You know, this happens. People go, you know, they got maybe a boat thing, a boat malfunction. So I was feeling, OK, I think this could still turn out OK.
00:05:18 Speaker_07
Then Terry McCoy talked with Eliasio Marubo.
00:05:21 Speaker_03
I remember he told me, I don't have any hope anymore. they suffered an attack for sure. He knew it.
00:05:35 Speaker_08
We always thought he had been murdered. We didn't share this with anyone, with other people outside of our group, but we already imagined what had happened.
00:05:43 Speaker_07
Eliezio started worrying that other people might be attacked too. Things felt so unsafe to him that he left his home.
00:05:53 Speaker_06
I packed a few clothes, a toothbrush, and left for an unknown destination.
00:06:01 Speaker_08
I went to a different city to live in a different city. I completely changed my life. I had to break up personal relationships. I had to live alone. I had to reinvent myself.
00:06:15 Speaker_07
I'm Phoebe Judge. This is Criminal.
00:06:29 Speaker_08
I was born in a Marubu community at the head of the Curaçao River. Eliezio Marubo is part of the Marubo indigenous tribe. Eliezio is my first name and my last name comes from our people, the Marubu people.
00:06:45 Speaker_07
Eliezio grew up in the Javari Valley indigenous territory, one of the most remote areas in the world. It's about the size of Portugal. The territory is home to 26 indigenous tribes.
00:06:58 Speaker_07
19 tribes are what's called uncontacted and basically have no communications with the outside world. The Javari Valley is home to the largest known number of uncontacted people. There are no roads in the territory.
00:07:13 Speaker_07
People use the rivers for transportation. Eliasio says his community largely lives off the forest, hunting and fishing, and keeping small plantations.
00:07:26 Speaker_08
We cut down very few trees. The areas designated for plantations are not permanent ones. We choose a place near the community but not too close to it, we plant, and after we harvest, we plant somewhere else, so that the forest can grow back again.
00:07:42 Speaker_08
So there's generally a lot of fruit, whether wild or cultivated fruits. There's a specific area in the community where we only have medicinal plants, which are more difficult to find inside the forest. The logic is as follows.
00:07:57 Speaker_08
You guys buy things and store them and put them in the fridge. We don't need this because everything is at hand. If we want fish, we go to the lake and catch fish. The same thing with meat. The basis of Marubu food is red meat.
00:08:12 Speaker_08
And we really enjoy tapir meat. So we hunt tapirs because tapir meat is the best, the most nutritious.
00:08:22 Speaker_07
A tapir sort of looks like a pig crossed with an anteater. They're sometimes called the living fossil because they've been around for 55 million years.
00:08:33 Speaker_07
People illegally hunt the tapir, along with yellow-spotted river turtles and a prehistoric fish that looks like a giant snake. It's known as the Amazon giant and can grow up to 10 feet long. There's also illegal logging.
00:08:48 Speaker_07
People cut down the forest to sell the wood and to make space for gold mining and large cattle farms.
00:08:59 Speaker_08
Then we start talking about how people are starting to go hungry because many animals that were the basis of our diet no longer exist. So we no longer have that food safety. We have to re-adapt our food needs.
00:09:13 Speaker_08
There are regions where indigenous people lost 100% of their territory.
00:09:21 Speaker_07
A few years ago, a government agency captured a video of a member of an uncontacted tribe. The man was the last survivor of his community. The government agency believes everyone else was likely killed by ranchers or illegal miners.
00:09:38 Speaker_07
The man lived alone in the forest for over two decades, avoiding contact with other people. His body was found in 2022. Eliezer Morubo works as a lawyer for a small organization called Univaja, or Union of Indigenous People of the Javari Valley.
00:10:00 Speaker_07
In 2020, Eliecio Marubo filed a lawsuit against American evangelists trying to approach uncontacted tribes in the forest to convert them. Bruno Pereira was also working with Univasha when he disappeared on the river.
00:10:17 Speaker_07
Eliecio and Bruno had known each other for years and had first met through Eliecio's brother. The three of them all had daughters who were close in age.
00:10:30 Speaker_08
They're just a year apart, so our daughters became friends. So we ended up doing things together because they wanted to be together. We started to do things like friends.
00:10:43 Speaker_07
Bruno Pereira was born far away from the Javari Valley, in a city in the northeast of Brazil. He often went on expeditions into the forest that lasted for weeks, and he learned to speak at least four indigenous languages.
00:11:00 Speaker_08
We'd always say he was very similar to us. We'd say, boy, how can it be that you're so similar? His thinking was very similar to ours. So we got along very well because of that.
00:11:14 Speaker_03
There's something in Brazil called an indigenista. An indigenista is somebody who dedicates their lives to the indigenous cause.
00:11:27 Speaker_03
In Brazil, like so much of the Americas, is a story ultimately of colonization and indigenous people losing out on their territories and rights. And Brazil, this is a very animating political issue.
00:11:40 Speaker_03
And Bruno, he decided to dedicate his life to this cause.
00:11:44 Speaker_07
At Univasha, they felt that the authorities weren't doing enough to protect indigenous populations from poachers or people encroaching on their territory.
00:11:54 Speaker_07
They decided that if the government wouldn't investigate criminal activity in the forest, they would do it themselves. They formed groups of people who would work as scouts.
00:12:05 Speaker_07
They would travel the forest and the rivers to find out about people who were poaching, fishing, or logging illegally.
00:12:12 Speaker_03
These indigenous scout teams would go out for a week or two and take photographs, get geographical positions, video record, find out who's ravaging the territory, make a dossier, and give it back to Bruno.
00:12:27 Speaker_07
So Bruno would go out on the water with the scouts, and then he and his colleagues would share what they found with the police, hoping that they would arrest the poachers.
00:12:38 Speaker_07
British journalist Dom Phillips wanted to write about Bruno's work with the Scouts.
00:12:42 Speaker_03
So I got in touch with Bruno, and Bruno brought him out to say, like, come on, I'll show you the work that we're doing.
00:12:49 Speaker_07
They decided to spend a few days on the river. During his 15 years in Brazil, Dom Phillips had written about the impact of agriculture on the rainforest, especially big cattle farms. He'd written about JBS, which is the world's biggest meat processor.
00:13:05 Speaker_07
They sell meat under more than 100 brands. The U.S. is the second biggest importer of Brazilian beef. Dom Phillips reported that some JBS beef comes from cows raised on land that's been illegally cleared.
00:13:22 Speaker_03
Dom was an idealist, and he threw himself into that research and into that work in the hope that by educating people of what this region was, it could help to preserve it.
00:13:35 Speaker_07
He was inspired by what he saw on his reporting trips, how indigenous communities hunt and grow things with no fertilizers. And he was going to write a book.
00:13:45 Speaker_07
He got a grant to go on reporting trips and interview indigenous people, including the scouting teams fighting illegal poaching and logging that Bruno was leading.
00:13:55 Speaker_03
So he spent months researching different solutions in different areas of the Amazon that he could go visit, understand why the solution is working, what can we learn from it, how can we apply this to other places, and then he was going to come back and write a book about it.
00:14:13 Speaker_07
His river trip in the Javari Valley with Bruno was one of the last reporting trips he'd planned. And then they disappeared. Ten days later, their bodies were found deep in the forest. We'll be right back.
00:14:42 Speaker_00
This message is a paid partnership with Apple Pay. When you've got a gift list to finish, the last thing you want to do is take out your wallet a million times. Instead, pay the Apple way.
00:14:53 Speaker_00
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00:15:04 Speaker_00
Apple Pay is a service provided by Apple Payment Services LLC, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. Any card used in Apple Pay is offered by the card issuer. This message is a paid partnership with Apple Pay.
00:15:19 Speaker_00
When you've got a gift list to finish, the last thing you want to do is take out your wallet a million times. Instead, pay the Apple way. With Apple Pay, you can pay with the phone you're already holding.
00:15:30 Speaker_00
Just double-click, smile at Face ID, tap, and you're done. The people in line behind you will thank you. Apple Pay is a service provided by Apple Payment Services LLC, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. Any card used in Apple Pay is offered by the card issuer.
00:15:50 Speaker_07
Growing up in the Javari Valley in the 1980s, Eliecio Marubo said he felt very safe.
00:16:00 Speaker_08
It's a very special place for me. I really liked playing in the river. I'd go to the river and spend hours on end. I also went out with the elderly women who generally don't like to take boys or men with them when they go do their activities.
00:16:14 Speaker_08
But they made an exception with me and said, let's go, I'll take you or your brother.
00:16:20 Speaker_07
Eliecio says they would sometimes meet people from a state agency who gave them toys.
00:16:29 Speaker_08
And we tried to play ball. My dad hated it. He said it was a white man's thing, a white thing. But we played there on this little field. So I learned to shoot a bow and arrow to imitate things from the adult world.
00:16:47 Speaker_08
And at night, everyone, a bunch of naked boys, would run to the river and jump from the riverbank into the water.
00:16:53 Speaker_08
and bathe until about six o'clock, when our mothers would come and say, come on out, threatening to punish us, and we'd run into the big hut because we knew that the elders there would protect us.
00:17:05 Speaker_08
When we got there, there was food, so we had dinner, ate and played and got dirty again, until our mothers took us to the river again for a last bath.
00:17:16 Speaker_05
I really liked it when there was a full moon.
00:17:18 Speaker_08
We lay down on the hammocks, one next to each other, me, my brothers and sisters, and we'd talk about things and make fun of each other or laugh at something silly someone did during the day.
00:17:30 Speaker_05
We would talk and talk until we got sleepy. And the next day started very early.
00:17:34 Speaker_08
We woke up around 3 a.m., already playing, doing mischief, doing loads of things.
00:17:40 Speaker_05
Life was very good. When he was a teenager, Eliecio says things changed.
00:17:51 Speaker_08
When the child is born, the father or the men say, this one is going to be such and such. So I was born with this purpose, to do politics and to defend the territory.
00:18:02 Speaker_08
So when I was 16 years old, one day they called me to go to the main hut for a conversation. I got there, my grandfather said it was necessary for me to go to the city. I would learn to speak Portuguese, I'd get to know money, everything.
00:18:16 Speaker_08
My journey started there.
00:18:20 Speaker_07
Iliécio moved to the nearest city to go to school.
00:18:29 Speaker_08
It was a very painful, very complicated process. I knew what needed to be done, but I had no idea how to do it. So I had lots of ups and downs, with bullying, with a lot of prejudice. And then, after some time, my family, my mother came to join me.
00:18:48 Speaker_08
And from then on, we started to develop in the city. After a long time, I finally managed to finish high school. After high school, I took the entrance exam to university. I didn't pass. I only passed on my third attempt.
00:19:04 Speaker_08
And then I went to study law, because I realized that everything I was set to do my whole life had to do with the world of law.
00:19:13 Speaker_07
When Iliasio returned to the Javari Valley, he says he noticed a change.
00:19:24 Speaker_08
Life no longer unfolded in the same way. We started to face scarcity of certain things that we had very easily in the past. We started to experience fear of things that we had never been afraid of, like the fear of strangers appearing.
00:19:39 Speaker_08
And we also noticed this impact on the environment, the presence of people hunting, fishing and exploring the territory illegally.
00:19:50 Speaker_07
Today, the entire Amazon rainforest is home to about 30 million people. A lot of people came in the early to mid-1900s to collect sap from rubber trees and sell it.
00:20:03 Speaker_03
You had a lot of very impoverished people going to very remote places, working for ultimately rubber barons. A lot of these people ended up living along the rivers and becoming fishermen and hunters later on. That was one wave of migration.
00:20:16 Speaker_03
Another wave of migration was driven by the government. In the 1960s and 1970s, a military dictatorship took over with a dream of taming what had thus far been untamed. And they called it A land without men for men without land.
00:20:36 Speaker_03
That meant that we're going to populate this area and make it ours. Because until then, the Amazon had been part of Brazil, but totally separate from Brazil.
00:20:46 Speaker_07
They called it Operation Amazon, and the military built highways through the forest.
00:20:52 Speaker_03
So it became completely anarchic that people would just take land, claim it was theirs, sell it to someone else, and also became this huge system of cutting down the forest to claim it. So pretty much it was they built a pathway into this new area.
00:21:08 Speaker_03
They did that, but they didn't do enough to develop what was at the end of the pathway. And it created this very anarchic, violent, and lawless place.
00:21:19 Speaker_07
The Javari Valley is designated indigenous territory, meaning non-indigenous people are not allowed to hunt there. But lots of other people live in the region, near the indigenous territories, and it's hard to make a living.
00:21:34 Speaker_07
In the nearest city, only 7% are employed.
00:21:38 Speaker_03
This area in recent years has been subsumed by crime. It's at the nexus of three different countries with a lot of drug trafficking going on between them.
00:21:49 Speaker_03
And this driving of crime also resulted in a ripple effect of people becoming illegal fishers and illegal hunters, and they would poach inside of these indigenous territories. These are armed fishermen, poachers, and armed hunters
00:22:12 Speaker_08
In Brazil, everyone knows that there are two large criminal groups who fight for territory all over the country. In our region, they work with partners. What do they do?
00:22:22 Speaker_08
They bring in a person who lives close to the indigenous territory, a person who's going to die if he gets sick because he doesn't have a hospital. Someone who needs a boat to go to the city when he needs things from there.
00:22:33 Speaker_08
But he doesn't have a boat, he only has a canoe that he built with his own strength and which he paddles for several days to reach the city.
00:22:41 Speaker_08
So, if he has the opportunity to get an engine for his boat, if he can get this engine in exchange for simply going to the city, of course he'll do it.
00:22:49 Speaker_08
So he can take drugs to the city and it's okay if he's arrested because he's a person who is being used in this process and in the city he will leave it somewhere and another person who is used by the organized crime will take this drug and take it somewhere else and will receive a pittance for it.
00:23:08 Speaker_07
Organized crime and drug traffickers are set to control a lot of the illegal poaching and logging in the area and don't want reporters or scouts coming around.
00:23:19 Speaker_07
Over the past decade, at least 300 people, many of them indigenous, have been killed in the Amazon. In 2018, Jair Bolsonaro was elected president of Brazil.
00:23:33 Speaker_03
And one of his most animating political calls was the right to develop the Amazon and to pretty much, you know, do away with the nuisance of international pressures to say they couldn't do what they wanted to do with the Amazon.
00:23:49 Speaker_07
At a press conference for international journalists, Dom Phillips asked Bolsonaro about some of the threats facing the Amazon. Bolsonaro replied, the Amazon is Brazil's, not yours.
00:24:02 Speaker_07
And at one point he said data showing a rise in deforestation was lies.
00:24:07 Speaker_03
The Amazon for years has been protected by several agencies in Brazil that safeguard the environment, safeguard indigenous rights, and what Bolsonaro ultimately did was strangle those organizations, those agencies that had those responsibilities.
00:24:27 Speaker_03
And as those agencies withered, Crime surged and crime came in and deforestation rocketed. What keeps the lid on top is the strength of these governmental agencies and indigenous communities to defend the forest.
00:24:44 Speaker_03
And what Bolsonaro did was he lifted the lid.
00:24:48 Speaker_07
Before Bruno Pereira started working with Univacia, he worked for a government agency. One day, poachers attacked their base, firing shots at the building. There were at least eight attacks in a year.
00:25:03 Speaker_07
And then, one night in 2019, one of Bruno's colleagues, a man named Maxiel Pereira dos Santos, was shot in the back of the head and killed while sitting on his motorcycle. The murder has not yet been solved. Bruno requested a leave from work.
00:25:21 Speaker_07
He wrote that he needed a break after the murder of his friend and colleague, and because of the, quote, climate of tension. He told people that he was waiting for Bolsonaro's term to end before he would return to the government agency.
00:25:35 Speaker_07
Instead, he went to work with Eliasio Marubo and Univaja, training indigenous scouts.
00:25:41 Speaker_03
But that work of going out there and surveilling these people and then taking those documents and then giving them to the authorities, that's going to create a lot of tension, a lot of enemies.
00:25:55 Speaker_07
Univagia started receiving threats, delivered to Eliasio Marubo's office.
00:26:00 Speaker_03
And then another threat happened where they were all, the workers for Univagia were sitting in the town square, and a guy came up and said, if you don't stop this, what happened to your former colleague who had been killed, Bruno's former colleague who had been killed, is going to happen to you.
00:26:16 Speaker_03
And they told the authorities, and they told the authorities, and nothing was done. So Bruno bought a gun.
00:26:26 Speaker_07
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00:28:50 Speaker_07
In 2022, Washington Post bureau chief Terry McCoy traveled to the Javari Valley. He wanted to find out what had happened in the weeks and months leading up to the murders of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips.
00:29:04 Speaker_07
He read the scouts' reports and spoke with people who knew Bruno. And he learned about something that had happened while Bruno was out on the river with the scouting teams, weeks before he disappeared.
00:29:16 Speaker_03
So one day, Bruno is heading back up the river, and they hear gunshots. And they look up.
00:29:27 Speaker_07
They saw a man they knew well. They knew he was involved in illegal fishing, and the scouts had collected information about him. He led a team of six men who carried shotguns and went into the indigenous territories at night to fish illegally.
00:29:42 Speaker_03
His name was Palado. And they see Palado over there holding a gun, looking at them.
00:29:51 Speaker_07
As they passed his stilt house on the river, he fired a shot. It went over their heads.
00:29:57 Speaker_03
They reported to the authorities, but they didn't do anything about it. So they went back to the city and continued on with their work.
00:30:05 Speaker_07
A few weeks later, Dom Phillips arrived in the Javari Valley. Dom and Bruno spent a couple of days along the river, interviewing people. Sometimes they shadowed indigenous scouts.
00:30:18 Speaker_07
On the second day, they saw Pallado in his boat, and he raised his shotgun at some of the scouts as a warning. Months after their deaths, Bruno's phone was found in the forest.
00:30:31 Speaker_07
It contained photographs of Dom interviewing people, and also two videos of Pallado sailing past them. Terry McCoy decided to take the same trip down the river that Dom and Bruno had taken months earlier.
00:30:47 Speaker_03
You know, the funny thing is you're so worried and you're so worried about what's going to happen. And then when we get out there on the rivers, it felt totally calm and placid and beautiful. Oh, it was a beautiful nature. The river was gorgeous.
00:31:01 Speaker_03
It was so hard to reconcile, you know, the calmness and the beauty of that place with the violence that I know happens frequently.
00:31:13 Speaker_07
On the last day of their trip, Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira knew they would have to sail past Pallado's house to get back to town. So they decided to leave early in the morning.
00:31:24 Speaker_03
But people on the rivers wake up at dawn.
00:31:28 Speaker_07
Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, or Pallado, and another man named Jefferson da Silva Lima confessed to the murders of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips. They told police what happened that morning.
00:31:42 Speaker_07
Pallado said they shot Bruno and shot Dom, and that Bruno returned fire, but didn't hit them.
00:31:49 Speaker_03
And he started to lose control of the boat, and then it crashed into a riverbank, and they ultimately dragged the bodies into the woods, dismembered them, burned them, and buried them.
00:32:07 Speaker_03
And then they went back to their river communities and tried to conceal that they had done anything. And that's what happened.
00:32:18 Speaker_07
And how were they caught?
00:32:20 Speaker_03
They were caught in large part because of the extraordinary international pressure that came down upon Brazil. Bruno was a well-known government researcher, and more than that,
00:32:35 Speaker_03
Dom was an international correspondent with a lot of friends who were also international correspondents who started writing a lot of stories about this. And it brought about a large-scale search and pressure to find out what happened.
00:32:53 Speaker_07
In a statement, then-President Bolsonaro called Dom and Bruno's trip, quote, an adventure that isn't recommendable for anyone.
00:33:03 Speaker_07
Bruno Pereira's wife, anthropologist Beatriz Matos, told Brazilian TV that she was hurt by the statements which, quote, contradict the extreme dedication, seriousness, and commitment that Bruno has with his work.
00:33:18 Speaker_07
The police arrested Palado, Jefferson, and Palado's brother for the murders.
00:33:24 Speaker_03
Palado, he said, ultimately, they killed Dom because they couldn't leave it behind any witnesses. But the bigger reason was that he wanted to be able to take control of this fishing cabal that was laying waste to the Javari Valley.
00:33:47 Speaker_03
So he thought, because these environmental agencies in Brazil become so weak, the only thing that was protecting this area was Bruno's work with this indigenous surveillance crew. So he thought, take away Bruno, you open up the entire area.
00:34:09 Speaker_07
Terry went to the small community on the river where Pallado lived.
00:34:13 Speaker_03
Pallado was a child of settlers who came to the Amazon to tap rubber. And in a lot of ways, the community that he came from were other victims of the Amazon. These people were abandoned by the government, effectively.
00:34:35 Speaker_03
They were encouraged to go out there, but then just abandoned out there. And a lot of these people, you know, started living off the forest, living off the river.
00:34:44 Speaker_07
In 2001, the area was turned into an indigenous territory to protect the uncontacted tribes. Other riverside communities could no longer fish and hunt the way they used to.
00:34:56 Speaker_03
There was vast violence, prolific violence between these river communities and the indigenous communities. Killings going back and forth, back and forth for years. as his hatred grew.
00:35:12 Speaker_07
Pelado and Jefferson De Silva Lima are awaiting trial. Pelado's brother was just released after 27 months in prison. A federal court ruled there wasn't enough evidence against him.
00:35:26 Speaker_03
Police have continued to investigate this. They think that it was not just Pelado who was acting alone. There could have been police involvement. There could have been a person who ordered the hit.
00:35:44 Speaker_07
Last year, police arrested another man who is believed to be the leader of an illegal phishing network. He's been charged with ordering the murders.
00:35:54 Speaker_07
And then another man was arrested for assisting him and for interfering with the investigation and intimidating witnesses. Last year, Brazil got a new president, Lula da Silva.
00:36:08 Speaker_03
And deforestation has plunged by 40% last year, one of the great environmental success stories of the last number of years.
00:36:18 Speaker_07
And Brazil got its first indigenous minister, heading a newly created Ministry of Indigenous Affairs. Last year, she took a trip to the Javari Valley along with Dom and Bruno's wives, Alessandra Sampaio and Beatriz Matos.
00:36:35 Speaker_07
She told an audience of mostly indigenous people, we're here to reestablish the presence of the Brazilian government in the Javari Valley region. But some people say not much has changed.
00:36:47 Speaker_03
The forest is still being destroyed every single day. And I've been told even that the killings did nothing to change the fundamental dynamic that's going on in that area.
00:36:56 Speaker_03
It's still an area of high tension, high illegality, and indigenous people under threat.
00:37:04 Speaker_07
Today, Eliecio Amarubo lives in Hayden.
00:37:07 Speaker_06
I live in a city that cannot be identified, but I continue working on the legal defense of my region. I have tried somehow to continue doing this after June 5th, 2022.
00:37:27 Speaker_07
Iliécio told The Guardian that he thinks the police investigation needs to continue. He suspects there's been a cover-up of the murders, and he said he believes the case goes beyond the people who've been arrested so far.
00:37:41 Speaker_06
So Bruno, he was just a stone that was removed from its place. That's how organized crime works.
00:37:56 Speaker_08
In any case, here I am. I continue in the same fight as always, until the end.
00:38:21 Speaker_07
Criminal is created by Lauren Spore and me. Nadia Wilson is our senior producer. Katie Bishop is our supervising producer. Our producers are Susanna Robertson, Jackie Sajico, Lily Clark, Lena Sillison, and Megan Kinane.
00:38:35 Speaker_07
Our show is mixed and engineered by Veronica Simonetti. Julian Alexander makes original illustrations for each episode of Criminal. You can see them at thisiscriminal.com. This episode was fact-checked by Michelle Harris.
00:38:49 Speaker_07
Special thanks to journalist Julia Carnero. A group of journalists are at work completing Dom Phillips' book titled, How to Save the Amazon, Ask the People Who Know. It will be out next year.
00:39:05 Speaker_07
We hope you'll join our new membership program, Criminal Plus. Once you sign up, you can listen to criminal episodes without any ads, and you'll get bonus episodes with me and criminal co-creator Lawrence Borer, too.
00:39:16 Speaker_07
To learn more, go to thisiscriminal.com slash plus. We're on Facebook and Twitter at criminal show and Instagram at criminal underscore podcast. We're also on YouTube at youtube.com slash criminal podcast.
00:39:30 Speaker_07
Criminal is part of the Vox media podcast network. Discover more great shows at podcast.voxmedia.com. I'm Phoebe judge. This is criminal.
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