#773: Andrew Roberts on The Habits of Churchill, Lessons from Napoleon, and The Holy Fire Inside Great Leaders AI transcript and summary - episode of podcast The Tim Ferriss Show

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Episode: #773: Andrew Roberts on The Habits of Churchill, Lessons from Napoleon, and The Holy Fire Inside Great Leaders

Author: Tim Ferriss: Bestselling Author, Human Guinea Pig
Duration: 01:27:12

Episode Shownotes

Andrew Roberts has written twenty books, which have been translated into twenty-eight languages and have won thirteen literary prizes. These include Napoleon: A Life, Churchill: Walking with Destiny, and most recently, Conflict: The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Gaza, which he co-authored with General David Petraeus.

Sponsors:Our Place's Titanium Always Pan® Pro using nonstick technology that’s coating-free and made without PFAS, otherwise known as “Forever Chemicals”: https://fromourplace.com/tim (10% off all products from Our Place using code TIM) Shopify global commerce platform, providing tools to start, grow, market, and manage a retail business: https://shopify.com/tim (one-dollar-per-month trial period)LinkedIn Jobs recruitment platform with 1B+ users: https://linkedin.com/tim (post your job for free)Timestamps:[00:00:00] Start[00:06:14] Expelled from Cranleigh school.[00:07:14] Why MI6 considered Andrew for recruitment.[00:09:56] The teacher who made history exciting to 10-year-old Andrew.[00:13:05] Words Andrew avoids when writing about history.[00:14:20] Are steady-nerved leaders naturally born or nurtured?[00:16:05] The thinkers who influenced Winston Churchill and his sense of noblesse oblige.[00:18:26] What made Napoleon Bonaparte the prime exemplar of war leadership?[00:24:37] Lessons from Winston Churchill's autobiography, My Early Life.[00:26:22] Napoleon's relationship with risk.[00:29:26] Andrew's signed letter from Aldous Huxley.[00:30:49] When historical figures carry a sense of personal destiny.[00:33:07] The meeting Andrew wishes he could've witnessed as a fly on the wall.[00:34:30] When historical villains carry a sense of personal destiny.[00:37:14] What Churchill and Napoleon learned from their mistakes.[00:39:38] "Dear Diary..."[00:44:00] Maintaining creative flow during the writing process.[00:47:18] On working with brilliant publisher Stuart Proffitt (aka Professor Perfect).[00:52:53] Why are some significant figures immortalized while others go the way of Ozymandias?[00:57:59] Thoughts on personal legacy.[00:59:18] Fiction favorites.[01:02:05] Being objective about the history of imperialism.[01:03:31] The challenges of teaching and learning history today.[01:06:40] Why "Study history" is Andrew's coat of arms motto.[01:10:22] What Andrew, as a history expert, sees for the future.[01:14:01] Counteracting natural pessimism.[01:15:34] What to expect from Andrew's latest book Conflict (co-authored with David Petraeus).[01:19:21] Upcoming book projects.[01:20:26] Parting thoughts.*For show notes and past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast.For deals from sponsors of The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast-sponsorsSign up for Tim’s email newsletter (5-Bullet Friday) at tim.blog/friday.For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts.Discover Tim’s books: tim.blog/books.Follow Tim:Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferrissYouTube: youtube.com/timferrissFacebook: facebook.com/timferriss LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/timferrissPast guests on The Tim Ferriss Show include Jerry Seinfeld, Hugh Jackman, Dr. Jane Goodall, LeBron James, Kevin Hart, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Jamie Foxx, Matthew McConaughey, Esther Perel, Elizabeth Gilbert, Terry Crews, Sia, Yuval Noah Harari, Malcolm Gladwell, Madeleine Albright, Cheryl Strayed, Jim Collins, Mary Karr, Maria Popova, Sam Harris, Michael Phelps, Bob Iger, Edward Norton, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Neil Strauss, Ken Burns, Maria Sharapova, Marc Andreessen, Neil Gaiman, Neil de Grasse Tyson, Jocko Willink, Daniel Ek, Kelly Slater, Dr. Peter Attia, Seth Godin, Howard Marks, Dr. Brené Brown, Eric Schmidt, Michael Lewis, Joe Gebbia, Michael Pollan, Dr. Jordan Peterson, Vince Vaughn, Brian Koppelman, Ramit Sethi, Dax Shepard, Tony Robbins, Jim Dethmer, Dan Harris, Ray Dalio, Naval Ravikant, Vitalik Buterin, Elizabeth Lesser, Amanda Palmer, Katie Haun, Sir Richard Branson, Chuck Palahniuk, Arianna Huffington, Reid Hoffman, Bill Burr, Whitney Cummings, Rick Rubin, Dr. Vivek Murthy, Darren Aronofsky, Margaret Atwood, Mark Zuckerberg, Peter Thiel, Dr. Gabor Maté, Anne Lamott, Sarah Silverman, Dr. Andrew Huberman, and many more.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Summary

In this episode of The Tim Ferriss Show, Tim Ferriss interviews historian Andrew Roberts about Winston Churchill's leadership habits and lessons learned from Napoleon. They discuss the narrative method of teaching history, the significant influence of literature on both leaders, and their strategic military approaches, highlighting their risk-taking and belief in personal destiny. The episode also delves into Roberts' writing process, the importance of historical narratives, and the decline of cultural pride in Britain. Overall, it offers profound insights into leadership, resilience, and the relevance of history in contemporary society.

Go to PodExtra AI's episode page (#773: Andrew Roberts on The Habits of Churchill, Lessons from Napoleon, and The Holy Fire Inside Great Leaders ) to play and view complete AI-processed content: summary, mindmap, topics, takeaways, transcript, keywords and highlights.

Full Transcript

00:00:00 Speaker_01
Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode of the Tim Ferriss Show, where it is my job to deconstruct world-class performers or deconstruct those who deconstruct world-class performers.

00:00:12 Speaker_01
In the case of today's guest, who is Andrew Roberts. Andrew Roberts has written 20 books which have been translated into 28 languages and have won 13 literary prizes.

00:00:23 Speaker_01
These include Masters and Commanders, The Storm of War, A New History of the Second World War, Napoleon, A Life, Churchill, Walking with Destiny, George III, The Life and Reign of Britain's Most Misunderstood Monarch, and most recently, Conflict, The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Gaza, which he co-authored with General David Petraeus.

00:00:45 Speaker_01
Lord Roberts is a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Historical Society, the Bonnie and Tom McCloskey Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford, and a visiting professor at the Department of War Studies at King's College London.

00:01:01 Speaker_01
He is also a member of the House of Lords. You can find all things Andrew at andrew-roberts.net online, and he is also on X, the artist formerly known as Twitter, at x.com slash A. Roberts underscore Andrew.

00:01:15 Speaker_01
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00:01:22 Speaker_01
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00:05:59 Speaker_01
What if I did the opposite?

00:06:00 Speaker_02
I'm a cybernetic organism living tissue over a metal endoskeleton.

00:06:11 Speaker_01
Pleasure to meet you. Thank you for taking the time. Thanks so much, Tim, for having me on this show. I thought we would start with Cranley. After your A-levels. Did you now?

00:06:20 Speaker_00
What happened?

00:06:22 Speaker_01
What on earth happened?

00:06:24 Speaker_00
That's the way we're going to make friends and get on with each other. Roll up the sleeves and just get into it. You're going to mention the reason that I was expelled from school, or at least I'm going to mention the reason because you don't know.

00:06:34 Speaker_00
I don't know the reason. Absolutely good. Okay. I don't think I'm the first person ever as a young man to get drunk and climb up buildings. Absolutely not. Thank you. Time-honored tradition, I think.

00:06:45 Speaker_00
Hallelujah that I'm not the only person this happened to. But, quite understandably, the school chucked me out before I fell off one of them, you know, and they'd have got blamed. It led to actually one of my wife's most brilliant witticisms.

00:07:00 Speaker_00
She's a very funny woman, my wife, and she said, yes, and all Andrew's done since in life is to get drunk and social climb. It's not bad, is it?

00:07:12 Speaker_01
We might come back to that. It seems like also maybe it's hard for me to tell given the British school system, although I did go to St. Paul's in New Hampshire where they do have the third, fourth, fifth, sixth form and so on. So that much I know.

00:07:25 Speaker_01
But I think in the same piece where I found the Cranley bit in doing the research, I also found a note that you were approached as a possible candidate for MI6 a bit later on.

00:07:36 Speaker_00
No, that was when I was at Cambridge. That's the right time to be approached for MI6, because Cambridge and MI6 have had a long and fairly disastrous career, needless to say.

00:07:48 Speaker_00
All of the worst spies in the 1930s, traitors of the 1930s, went to Cambridge. But yeah, it was a fascinating thing.

00:07:56 Speaker_00
I was just going down from university and somebody in my college, one of the Dons there, who's still there actually, come to think of it, approached me and said, how about it, would you be interested in becoming a spy?

00:08:07 Speaker_00
And so automatically, needless to say, you just think of yourself as James Bond immediately.

00:08:15 Speaker_00
That sort of dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-

00:08:24 Speaker_00
But I then had to actually do the process of where you need to join, which I did get through. And it was completely hilarious. I mean, you couldn't satirize it, basically.

00:08:35 Speaker_00
They asked you things like there were hundreds of questions, and you had to answer them very, very quickly. And some of them were

00:08:42 Speaker_00
things you'd expect like, you know, what are the five longest rivers in the world kind of thing, put them in order and all that. There were also things like place in order of social precedent, Prince, Duke, Viscount, Marquess, Baronet.

00:08:57 Speaker_00
Yeah, well, exactly. I would have thrown in Cookie Monster. I wouldn't have gotten anywhere. You're American. You're allowed to. They're not going to ask that in the CIA.

00:09:04 Speaker_00
But for some reason, in MI6, back in, this was, I hasten to add, back in the sort of mid-1980s. That was one of the questions.

00:09:13 Speaker_01
What did the Don think made you a potential candidate?

00:09:18 Speaker_00
Well, that also was a little bit annoying, really, because he told me later about how he had been interviewed by MI6. And one of the things he'd been asked is, and is Andrew a kind person? And this person said, no, not really.

00:09:33 Speaker_00
And he saw the person interviewing him put a tick in the margin next to the question.

00:09:39 Speaker_01
I wonder if that made you more or less desirable.

00:09:41 Speaker_00
Much more desirable as far as they were concerned. They ticked the thing. Right. I can understand. Well, James Bond, he's not a kind person, is he, really? No, no, no. We view them as disposable pleasures.

00:09:55 Speaker_01
Well, perhaps. So let's see if we can take off the initial layers of the onion with respect to history. Christopher Perry.

00:10:03 Speaker_00
Mr. Christopher Perry. Who's that? He was my first history teacher when I was at prep school, which in the English version means when you're sort of 10 to 13. He's dead now, but he was a inspirational history master.

00:10:18 Speaker_00
He taught history in the way that I think it should be taught, in a narrative way of explaining really what happened next and why. He believed in the great events, the great wars and battles and things like that. And he was a kind man.

00:10:34 Speaker_00
He wouldn't have made it into MI6. that he was a sort of old school history master of the best possible kind.

00:10:42 Speaker_01
What characterized that? You said narrative, but maybe would you be able to contrast the status quo as it goes in terms of teaching history and then how his style most differed from that?

00:10:54 Speaker_00
He taught it as the most exciting story you're ever going to hear, basically, which has the extraordinary added advantage of being completely true.

00:11:03 Speaker_00
He'd sort of sit cross-legged on the table and give you the voice of Charles I and then the voice of Oliver Cromwell, Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots. He would entrance you with the excitement of the unfolding story.

00:11:19 Speaker_00
Every word of which would be true. It would have loads of dates in it. At the end of the term, each of the terms, the semester, you'd be tested on 300 dates. And not a child in that class didn't get at least 298 of them right.

00:11:33 Speaker_00
Extraordinary way of teaching. You did it entirely through inspiration. rather than through just standing there on the blackboard ordering people to remember what happened in 1356 or 1415. Did he have any theatre background? You'd have thought.

00:11:48 Speaker_00
You wouldn't have. You'd have thought.

00:11:49 Speaker_01
Because just sitting cross-legged on the desk is going to get a requisite. minimal amount of attention from the students, which is brilliant.

00:11:57 Speaker_00
Automatically, of course, exactly. Now I come to think of it, of course he was overacting from day one, but he didn't seem to be at the time, at least as far as the 10-year-old Andrew Roberts was concerned.

00:12:11 Speaker_01
We have a sort of rental library behind us in this room that I've rented, and one of the books sitting over there, The Power Broker, does an amazing job of end-of-chapter cliffhangers. That's, I think, Robert Caro over there.

00:12:24 Speaker_00
And he managed to make Urban Development. Essentially, that book's about urban development. And he managed to make that interesting. But you've got a few other ones. You've got a great friend of mine there, Neil Ferguson, writing about his book Colossus.

00:12:37 Speaker_00
You've got some pretty interesting people, a few people that I've Yeah, so you might have rented it, but it's a pretty good bunch of books. It worked out.

00:12:47 Speaker_01
And it's also quite surreal that Neil is featured here since he is, I'd say, partially responsible for us meeting in the first place.

00:12:55 Speaker_00
Yeah, he told me definitely to go on your show. He said loads of people watch it and you've got a good sense of humor. We'll see. We'll see later. We'll see about the sense of humor. We'll see later. Yeah, the jury is out. The jury is out.

00:13:06 Speaker_01
I found in writing history, and I'm paraphrasing here, but I believe you've said before that you're cautious around the words perhaps, maybe, possibly. especially probably.

00:13:18 Speaker_00
Could you explain why? Don't use them. They're cheat words. What they're saying to the reader is, I haven't worked hard enough on this. I don't know. I'm going to just come up with some kind of theory here. Bear with me. You shouldn't do that.

00:13:32 Speaker_00
If the person's paid $40 for your book, he or she is going to want to think you know what you're talking about.

00:13:38 Speaker_00
So if something is a great story and you're not sure it's true, but nonetheless it's funny or it shines a light onto personality or for some reason there's a great reason why you need to put it in the book, there are loads of ways that you can hint to the reader.

00:13:56 Speaker_00
You can say, it is said that, or the story is told that, or anecdotally people stated that. And that's the signal to the reader, this is probably not true at all. Someone's hedging their bets. Yeah, but it's too good to leave out.

00:14:12 Speaker_00
But perhaps, probably, and maybe, and so on, there you really are hedging your bets. I think it breaks the bond of trust that you need to have with your reader.

00:14:21 Speaker_01
Would you mind speaking to the importance of steady nerves or self-control in crisis? It seems that that's Something that recurs, and the reason I'm asking about it is, this would be, I suppose, a sub-question.

00:14:37 Speaker_01
How much of it do you think is nature versus nurture also? But feel free to take that in any direction you like.

00:14:43 Speaker_00
Both Napoleon and Churchill were educated in war. They both went to military colleges.

00:14:51 Speaker_00
So as their level of command grew, as they grew older, the sense of responsibilities they had, the number of men essentially that they were controlling, increased exponentially.

00:15:03 Speaker_00
So they had the intellectual background, they had the training as well, and as young men in both cases, they thought a lot about war, about Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great and so on.

00:15:17 Speaker_00
They had an egotism to look at it in a negative way, but a self-confidence to look at it in a positive way that gave them the ability to take these shatteringly important decisions. So I think it's much more nurture than nature.

00:15:33 Speaker_00
And in both cases, as far as they were concerned, there was a sort of holy fire that they both had. There was a not holy in a religious sense, obviously, because neither of them were at all religious.

00:15:45 Speaker_00
But in a sort of deeper spiritual sense, a belief that what they were doing was so good and right and proper and had to be done that they were not kept up awake at night over even the death of friends. Death of friends that they were responsible for.

00:16:04 Speaker_00
CB. They were responsible for.

00:16:05 Speaker_01
In the cases of Churchill and Napoleon, we could bring up other names. I suppose using the royal we here, you could bring up other names.

00:16:12 Speaker_01
Were there particular philosophers or writers that they found particularly instructive, that they leaned on in some sense, that they found solace in? Were there particular minds?

00:16:24 Speaker_00
Well, certainly Churchill did because he was a huge reader. He was a massive autodidact. He never went to university, and so therefore when he was a young subaltern in India, in his early twenties.

00:16:35 Speaker_00
He sat down and read the great philosophers as well as writers. And he was particularly influenced by Gibbon and Macaulay, the two great 19th century historians, English historians.

00:16:51 Speaker_00
And that affected his writing style, and of course later his oratorical style, but also his outlook on life, philosophical outlook on life.

00:17:01 Speaker_00
With regard to Napoleon, he was even more literary, really, because he also wrote short stories and books and so on. And so he was very much affected by what he read, again, as a young man.

00:17:15 Speaker_00
And in both cases, they were reading so much that it slightly cut them off from their contemporaries. Napoleon didn't have many friends when he was in his early 20s.

00:17:30 Speaker_00
And Churchill, when the other people were off sleeping in the midday heat of India, his colleagues and comrades, he'd be sitting there reading Schopenhauer and Gibbon and Macaulay and so on.

00:17:43 Speaker_01
How did Gibbon and Macaulay inform his philosophical leanings?

00:17:48 Speaker_00
They made him into what was called at the time a wig. We don't have them today, obviously, but they were in modern sense, I suppose, liberal conservatives who believed in noblesse oblige, in the importance of... What is that? I'm sorry.

00:18:04 Speaker_00
Noblesse Oblige, it's almost a medieval concept where your duty, if you have privilege, is to work for the greater good of the community, to protect widows and orphans.

00:18:17 Speaker_00
It's sort of like the knightly, chivalric concept that you get from the Middle Ages. And they very much believed in that, and so did Churchill. Let me ask about Napoleon.

00:18:28 Speaker_01
So I know shockingly little about Napoleon. I'm embarrassed to admit, and I do want to ask more about Churchill as well, but you've described him as the prime exemplar of war leadership. Why do you say that?

00:18:39 Speaker_00
There are lots of military leaders who can do a lot of things, but he was the only one that I can think of who could do all of them. Of course, it helps if you're winning. In the last three years of his military career, he's losing. But even then,

00:18:55 Speaker_00
Even when he had far fewer troops, when he was retreating, when he was defending Paris in the 1814 campaign, for example, he was still able to win five victories in seven days in the 1814 campaign. That's two years after the retreat from Moscow.

00:19:11 Speaker_00
It's quite extraordinary capacity. And he was able to win whether he was advancing or retreating, whether he was defending a town or attacking it, whether he was attacking on the right

00:19:22 Speaker_00
or left flank, or sometimes straight through the center, as at Austerlitz. He had that capacity, that mind for military conquest, but also, of course, the greatness that was required completely to revolutionize French society.

00:19:38 Speaker_00
People think that the French Revolution revolutionized society, you know, the clues in the name, as it were. But in fact, the long-lasting things that actually dragged France into the 19th century

00:19:50 Speaker_00
were things like the Code Napoleon, which were not a revolutionary concept. They were a Napoleonic concept.

00:19:58 Speaker_01
This may seem like a lazy question, but since I'm operating from a deficit here with respect to knowledge of Napoleon, what do you think it was that allowed him to be a decathlete of war, as it were? being good at all of these different facets.

00:20:13 Speaker_01
And I think of how we might analyze different athletes and what allows them to exercise the capabilities we see, sort of breaking it down into its component parts. But how would you describe what enabled him to do that where others were unable?

00:20:28 Speaker_00
It was inspiration, but also perspiration. He really did put in the time, thinking about it and reading about it. By it, I mean warfare. And, of course, he'd been educated in it. He read the key books.

00:20:43 Speaker_00
There's a guy called the Comte de Gerbert who, in 1772, wrote a book about strategy and tactics. And he, 30 years later, put these into operation. And so he was able to spot the sort of best of the best when it came to modern thinking.

00:21:03 Speaker_00
And to, or in this case, 30-year-old thinking, in fact. That didn't matter because the weapons of war hadn't changed in the intervening period. And he was able to put those thoughts and ideas into practical use.

00:21:17 Speaker_00
The classic example being the core system. And when- What was it called? It's called the core system. C-O-R-E. C-O-R-P-S.

00:21:27 Speaker_00
And what he did with them was to create mini armies, essentially, which were able to march separately, but converge and concentrate for the battle.

00:21:39 Speaker_00
And so one of your core would engage the enemy, and then he would use the other cores to outmaneuver and envelop the enemy, sometimes double envelop the enemy. It was a brilliant concept.

00:21:51 Speaker_00
And actually, the Allies didn't start beating Napoleon until they had also adopted the core system. He was always at the cutting edge of thinking of the new concepts. And at the same time, he had very old-fashioned views about how to excite the men.

00:22:10 Speaker_00
And he, I mean, victory, obviously, is the best thing when it comes to exciting men. Nothing much works better than that. But as I say, he was still winning at the end of his career. But he had this belief that to appeal to the soul,

00:22:25 Speaker_00
was the way to electrify the men. And so he was able to do that.

00:22:31 Speaker_00
And some people who he was against, Duke of Wellington, the British general, being the classic example, who won the Battle of Waterloo against him, he wasn't interested in electrifying the soul of the men at all.

00:22:41 Speaker_00
He rather despised his ordinary soldiers. But nonetheless... You're talking about Wellington or Bonaparte? The Duke of Wellington, he had some sort of choice negative remarks about his own soldiers. And he was a rather sort of stuffy aristocrat.

00:22:56 Speaker_00
But they loved him because he cared about how many of them died in battle, you know. And he never lost a battle as well, which is a very useful thing in a commander, needless to say. But he didn't try. He didn't go out.

00:23:09 Speaker_00
He would think it beneath him to go out and try to inspire the men.

00:23:14 Speaker_00
Whereas Napoleon, his choice of hats and his great coats and his way of taking off his own medals and giving them to soldiers on the battlefield and his orders of the day, his proclamations before the Battle of the Pyramids in 1799, he said, 40 centuries look down upon you.

00:23:33 Speaker_00
And this is an extraordinary thing for a soldier, you know, in Egypt, far away from home. He looks up at the pyramids and thinks, yeah, he's placing the events of that day in the long historical parabola.

00:23:46 Speaker_00
And Churchill did that too, by the way, of course, to a great degree. In about 10% of all of the speeches that Churchill gave in 1940, there's some reference to history or the past. He too would summon up the idea that, yes, Britain is on its own.

00:24:02 Speaker_00
Britain and the British Commonwealth are on their own. And this, of course, was in the period before America and Russia were in the war. But we've been in terrible straits before. Look at Sir Francis Drake. Look at Admiral Nelson.

00:24:14 Speaker_00
And so on and we came through those and one you'll see the first world war a lot so yes he to drew on history and people knew that because he'd written history books and written biographies.

00:24:27 Speaker_00
Including the biography of his great ancestor the first you can walk with wellington the best soldier that britain ever produced people trusted his view of history.

00:24:38 Speaker_01
So instead of biographies, I'd like to ask about autobiography. It's my impression that you recommend that young people read My Early Life and that there are life lessons contained within it that perhaps might help young people.

00:24:52 Speaker_01
What types of good advice or life lessons can people expect to find in that book? Or does anything stand out to you?

00:25:01 Speaker_00
Oh, yes. Well, loads of them. I mean, resilience is the classic one.

00:25:04 Speaker_00
Although he doesn't go in this book into criticizing his parents, even between the lines, Churchill was tremendously resilient because his father despised him and his mother ignored him, essentially.

00:25:18 Speaker_00
But in the actual book itself, he talks about how wonderful it is to be young, 20 to 25, those are the years. He says people will forgive you for mistakes you make in that period. It's not until you're 30.

00:25:30 Speaker_00
The people judge you on what you've achieved rather than your promise and so on so it took it say he writes about his time his escape from prison.

00:25:38 Speaker_00
For example which is facing there is no young man or woman who hasn't at some stage dreamt about the idea of a successful prison escape he took part in the last great cavalry charge of the british.

00:25:50 Speaker_00
Empire and so he writes about what it's like to charge in with lancers in he himself had a pistol in a great cavalry charge.

00:25:59 Speaker_00
These are just the most exciting book and it draws you along with life lessons that are very good i think even for today at a time when you're frankly unlikely to have to escape from prison or get take part in a cavalry charge.

00:26:16 Speaker_01
Or you'll just be very unsuccessful at attempting to escape prison with a modern lockdown. I can't let this go. It's sticking in my mind.

00:26:24 Speaker_01
The core strategy, I'm not sure strategy is the right modifier for that, but that Napoleon used, it seems like that was waiting to be used.

00:26:33 Speaker_00
But it took him to be in the position, of course, of Emperor of France, whereby he could impose it. But equally, there are other things like the Code Napoleon that were not really waiting to be used.

00:26:44 Speaker_00
He had to sort of work them up into a body of laws that completely revolutionized France.

00:26:50 Speaker_01
Now, when he took the writing from 30 years prior and applied it, Is it the position that enabled him to do it or did he think about risk differently than other people and that is part of what allowed him to implement it.

00:27:06 Speaker_00
He taking huge risks he was twenty six years old and according to the the church review of life you know you can take risks when you're twenty six years old because

00:27:16 Speaker_00
People will forgive you actually the French revolution and government would not have forgiven Napoleon if he'd lost the army of Italy in 1796 but nonetheless he was a huge risk taker. He would attack when normal generals would have fallen back.

00:27:31 Speaker_00
He was very lucky in that he was fighting he was 26 he was fighting generals who were Austrian generals who were in their 70s. he used to hit the hinge of enemy forces.

00:27:43 Speaker_00
If you have an Austrian-Sardinian army, for example, he would hit the point between the Austrians and the Sardinians, pushing them both back along their own supply lines and so on.

00:27:54 Speaker_00
He used psychology a great deal, trying to get into the minds of the generals he was opposed to. He was a great chooser of lieutenants, of divisional commanders and people who he felt he could trust. Superb sense of timing as well in a battle.

00:28:09 Speaker_00
He was, as I say, the sort of exemplar of so many of the leadership tropes.

00:28:15 Speaker_01
Do you think he would have viewed his decisions from the outside that look risky as risky.

00:28:22 Speaker_01
If someone takes sort of uncalculated risks over and over again, then you could call them reckless, but at least a face value that's not maybe the adjective I would use.

00:28:33 Speaker_00
So I'm just. Yeah, but they came off. This is the thing. In the Italian campaign, this first great campaign of his, he hardly lost a battle. He fought, you know, 20 and sort of won 19 of them.

00:28:46 Speaker_00
If you do that, even though you have taken risks, it's a sort of force multiplier in a sense. You wind up thinking that they aren't as risky. He did believe in luck, which is very important.

00:28:55 Speaker_00
You famously said that he wanted his marshals to be lucky, and he would promote people if he thought they were lucky. And that, of course, runs against everything that we 21st century rationalists can possibly believe in.

00:29:10 Speaker_00
But, you know, it worked for him. Yeah, it seems to have worked. Until it didn't. Until it doesn't. Promoted the unlucky guy. The decision in 1812 to march on Moscow was hugely risky. And of course, it didn't pay off.

00:29:26 Speaker_01
Is it true that you have a signed letter from Aldous Huxley? I do. All right. Now, Aldous Huxley, I believe… Aldous is the English name.

00:29:36 Speaker_01
You know, I've realized the longer I spend in England, I really need to, I think I should take TOEFL classes, Test of English as a Foreign Language. I need to brush up on the mother tongue, as it were.

00:29:46 Speaker_01
He died, if I'm not wrong, the year you were born. I think it was. Why do you have that letter? And what does the letter say?

00:29:54 Speaker_00
The letter actually was written from Los Angeles, where he was living in the 1950s. It was in 1959. And somebody just wrote to him asking for his autograph. And obviously also asked, I don't have the letter from the autograph hunter.

00:30:09 Speaker_00
But he obviously asked for some sort of deep, meaningful thought. And the deeper meaningful thought that Huxley gave him, and I'm a huge admirer of Huxley, Eyeless in Gaza and obviously Brave New World and so on, wonderful books.

00:30:26 Speaker_00
And he said in this letter that men do not learn much from the lessons of history. It's one of the most important of all the lessons that history has to teach us. And that is so true, isn't it? I mean, there's not a book that I've written.

00:30:40 Speaker_00
I've written 20 books. There's not a book that I've written when I haven't looked across at that framed letter in my study and thought, wow, that is just so perceptive.

00:30:50 Speaker_01
So I have a question about the subtitle of your biography on Churchill, which you believe is Walking with Destiny.

00:30:57 Speaker_01
You mentioned this holy fire I think is the term you used earlier, but do many of the leaders you've studied have this belief – and I may not be wording this the best way – but of being chosen by destiny in some fashion?

00:31:12 Speaker_00
The phrase comes from his remark in the last chapter of the last few pages of his war memoirs, the first volume of his war memoirs, The Gathering Storm, wonderful book.

00:31:25 Speaker_00
And he's referring to the day that he became prime minister, the day he was appointed by the king as prime minister, which happened to be, coincidentally as it turned out, because Hitler didn't know he was going to become prime minister,

00:31:38 Speaker_00
On the same day that hitler invaded in the west invaded belgium and luxembourg and holland shortly afterwards of course to invade france.

00:31:46 Speaker_00
And he said i felt as if i were walking with destiny and that all my past life have been but a preparation for this hour and for this trial. And he had a profound sense of personal destiny.

00:31:59 Speaker_00
Now, you and I might think, as 21st century rationalists, that this is a bit sort of mad to think that you're preordained to save, in this case, Britain and civilization.

00:32:10 Speaker_00
If you said that to me, that that was your belief about yourself, I would think that you were clinically insane. But enough things had happened to Churchill in his life. He had had so many close brushes with death. that it's not insane to think that.

00:32:27 Speaker_00
But it's not by any means just... And Napoleon also felt that he had a star to guide him, and he had the luck that we spoke about earlier, but that luck, who was a woman in his case, was somebody he needed to woo and to try to seduce.

00:32:42 Speaker_00
And of course, in 1812, she turns her back on him, and he speaks of her in that sense. Which is also a pretty, you know, insane way to look at life, isn't it?

00:32:53 Speaker_00
But they were both, as I mentioned earlier, devotees of the ancients, of Caesar and Alexander the Great, both of whom also, of course, had this driving sense of personal destiny. And so it does exist in people.

00:33:07 Speaker_01
If you could, I'll give you two options, stand in, meaning take the place of one of the people you've studied in depth, or just simply witness them in a given moment or day or period in their lives, What might you choose?

00:33:24 Speaker_00
Well, first of all, I wouldn't want to stand in their place at all. I know that I don't have the intestinal fortitude of these extraordinary people, but it would be the day that I just mentioned.

00:33:34 Speaker_00
It would be the 10th of May, 1940, the day that Hitler's invading. The cabinet meets and recognizes that Neville Chamberlain is not the man to continue on the war now that it's turned to the West.

00:33:49 Speaker_00
And the meetings that took place the previous day and that day whereby Neville Chamberlain goes to the king and suggests Churchill.

00:33:58 Speaker_00
And the king wasn't terribly excited about Churchill either because they'd fallen out over the abdication crisis and he thought Churchill was a bit of a loose cannon. But nonetheless, he's willing to call Churchill.

00:34:08 Speaker_00
Churchill then goes to Buckingham Palace and becomes prime minister and comes back and starts to organize his government as the news is coming in of the German success and victories on the Western Front. I mean, this is what a day.

00:34:23 Speaker_00
What a day in history that must have been. So if I could be a flower on the wall any day in history, that's the day that I would choose. Can we just go back, though, to this concept of a sense of destiny?

00:34:36 Speaker_00
Because, of course, it isn't just great men as in good men, positive forces in history that has this. Adolf Hitler also had a sense of destiny when he was in providence and luck and being watched over by bigger forces and so on.

00:34:52 Speaker_00
When he survived his assassination attempt on the 20th of July 1944, when you remember Stauffenberg moves the briefcase with the bomb in it to a point in the table that just shreds Hitler's trousers when it goes off and doesn't kill him.

00:35:07 Speaker_00
He also put it down to Providence that he had been allowed to survive and therefore to stay in charge and the Fuhrer was going to save the fatherland and the Reich.

00:35:17 Speaker_00
So it's not something I don't want your viewers and listeners to come away thinking that it's a really good thing to think that you're being watched over by a more powerful force who's saving you to become the world-saving figure.

00:35:30 Speaker_01
You can cut a lot of different ways. I think of David Koresh and cult leaders and Jim Jones down in Ghana or wherever he was.

00:35:39 Speaker_00
Precisely. All of these frauds and crooks and con men use it as well.

00:35:47 Speaker_01
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00:37:15 Speaker_01
Are there any particular weaknesses or pathologies or failures that come to mind in, say, Churchill and Napoleon or others who helped to make them ultimately great in the ways that they were great?

00:37:29 Speaker_00
Oh, definitely. Definitely. The key thing is learning from mistakes, which not all politicians do. I guess the point out the church will certainly did he made mistake after mistake he got female suffrage wrong.

00:37:42 Speaker_00
The application crisis that i mentioned earlier he joins the gold standard at the wrong time at the wrong level the black and tans in ireland was a disaster primarily of course the darnell's crisis of nineteen fifteen to early nineteen sixteen where a hundred thousand allied troops were killed wounded or captured in this was a.

00:38:02 Speaker_00
a series of mistakes. In every single one of them, he learns from those mistakes. How did he do that?

00:38:11 Speaker_01
Because there's probably, I would think, maybe some method behind the madness. Maybe it's just more self-awareness or reflection, but did he have a process for learning?

00:38:19 Speaker_00
He wasn't hubristic. That was the key thing. I think it probably helps also, of course, the Jews in a democratic system, unlike Napoleon or Hitler, whereby, you know, he was criticized the entire time in the House of Commons for all of those things.

00:38:34 Speaker_00
He had to defend them and therefore had to, in a logical and rational point. I mean, democracy works very well at pricking the pomposity and hubris of people if it's working properly. And Napoleon also learned from mistakes in his military career.

00:38:50 Speaker_00
And I don't believe that the decision to march on Moscow itself was hubristic. I'm slightly aside from a lot of military historians about this. But just to explain, He'd beaten the Russians twice before. He had an army twice the size of the Russians.

00:39:08 Speaker_00
He knew perfectly well that the winter was going to come.

00:39:10 Speaker_00
He stayed too long in Moscow, but if he'd gone to Moscow and then come back again immediately, he would not have had the climactic disasters that overcame him with the blizzards in the October and November of 1812. And so you have this sense that, yes, it was an appalling strategic error, but it wasn't done out of a drive because he thought he was a sort of demigod.

00:39:23 Speaker_00
That, I think, is a misunderstanding of his personality.

00:39:39 Speaker_01
So I'm going to ask something that Neil Ferguson of Colossus on the Shelf, put in an email. I would ask Andrew about the diary he keeps, which is a source of intense anxiety.

00:39:50 Speaker_00
He's obsessed with this. Okay, finish the rest of it.

00:39:52 Speaker_01
Which is a source of intense anxiety to all of his friends and even more to his enemies. Best wishes, Neil.

00:39:59 Speaker_00
Neil doesn't care about any of that. He only cares about what I say about him. He is the friend who is obsessed with the diary. Yes, I keep a diary. For God's sake, is it such a crime? We went on the skiing holiday this year and it's all he talks about.

00:40:20 Speaker_00
He's obsessed. The forbidden fruit? What is the story here? I think he's kicking himself that he didn't keep on.

00:40:28 Speaker_00
You know, you think of all these extraordinary people he meets, you know, every time I see him, he's just been talking to President Xi or maybe Netanyahu or, you know, President of America, and he doesn't write down and keep it all in the diary.

00:40:42 Speaker_00
So I think there's an element of envy going on here, frankly. But I find it very relaxing and calming to think that my life isn't just going to be a complete waste of time. And one of the only ways that I can... I can see that. Thank you.

00:41:02 Speaker_00
Well, that's kind of you. Thank you. One of the only ways that I can justify this concept that it's all not just a sort of, you know, nihilistic sort of maelstrom.

00:41:14 Speaker_02
Boondoggling.

00:41:15 Speaker_00
Boondoggling, exactly. Is by writing books, obviously, which I hope will survive me, but also noting down what I've done in the day.

00:41:23 Speaker_00
Neil is convinced that every time he says anything embarrassing or something, I'm going to be noting- You're just loading the ammo into your diary. Exactly.

00:41:32 Speaker_00
And that when we're sort of 80, he's going to go to the bookshop, buy the diary, flick to Ferguson, Neil, and see sort of 40 entries, each of which is going to make his face go redder than the last. The following charges.

00:41:47 Speaker_00
Exactly, but it's not going to be like that at all.

00:41:49 Speaker_00
What he's actually going to do is to immediately go to the diary and look up Ferguson Neal, but see all the amusing, charming, intelligent remarks he's made, the witticisms, you know, and all that kind of thing.

00:42:00 Speaker_00
And not just him, obviously, everybody that I've ever met over the last 40 plus years. How do you keep your diary? You're on your metal now. You're going to have to, I'm going to say, went on to BRC on best behavior. Exactly. What an idiot.

00:42:15 Speaker_01
Note to self, send chocolates to Andrew. Don't forget his birthday. Now there are many, many people who keep a diary. How do you keep your diary? Is it nightly exercise? Is it typed out?

00:42:32 Speaker_00
Is it pen? Is it crawl pen? You mustn't do it nightly because, or at least you might be able to, but I drink. I like drinking. Good, yeah. And so there's nothing worse than trying to write.

00:42:44 Speaker_00
If you've been drinking also, writing down the witticism, sometimes there's a bit of a problem owing to the fact that I can't read my writing the next morning. But no, it has to be done pretty much the next morning.

00:42:56 Speaker_00
You can't leave it for two weeks or so. Do you do it? What's your frequency? Every day. I used to write it. Oh no, but if nothing interesting has happened, then I won't put anything down. Nothing to report. Yeah, no.

00:43:09 Speaker_00
Or like Louis XVI on the 14th of July 1789, the day of the fall of the Bastille. All he writes is rien, nothing. So I hope I'm not going to be quite as moronic as that.

00:43:23 Speaker_00
It's not really intended for publication, which is another thing that Neil doesn't understand.

00:43:28 Speaker_01
that really part of that sentence. He's going to be like, you see? You see?

00:43:32 Speaker_00
Yeah. Yeah. No, of course he is. But nonetheless, I do find it a, well, you mentioned earlier about how many words I write. It's never more than about 500 words maximum. And it picks the most interesting parts of the day.

00:43:44 Speaker_00
And if somebody has said or done something interesting, I'll stick it in.

00:43:49 Speaker_01
Do you do that before your book writing let's say you're on the first thing in the morning is that just like pajama slippers and a cup of coffee or yeah so i see that exactly. And do you take seems like such a ridiculous question but.

00:44:06 Speaker_01
How do you think about taking breaks when you're writing? I mean, obviously, you might have a bathroom break or something like that. Do you build in breaks?

00:44:12 Speaker_00
Do you ride the flow as long as you have it? What does it look like? The flow as long as you have it? Absolutely. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Because it might not come back if you deliberately

00:44:22 Speaker_00
Sometimes, and I'm slightly loath to admit this in public, but nonetheless, sometimes, if you are really flowing, I can go without, you know, washing for three days. I can be in my dressing gown and slippers.

00:44:36 Speaker_00
My wife finds it extremely unhygienic and I'm not allowed to sleep in the same bed. But if I'm running hard at a really difficult chapter and I need to keep my thoughts in order, I will not waste time doing anything.

00:44:51 Speaker_00
I'll get some breakfast and so on, but that will just be a dash to the kitchen and back again. Because if something's complicated, And there are lots of occasions, another classic example, we go back to the 10th of May 1940.

00:45:06 Speaker_00
That, in my Churchill book, you have to get it right because every minute, not just every hour, every minute something is happening. They're getting news from what the Luftwaffe's attacking and he's then having to create his government.

00:45:19 Speaker_00
He then goes off to the House of Commons and so on. It's just relentless. And unless you

00:45:24 Speaker_00
Encapsulate in your mind successfully what is important about that day you'll never get it over to the reader and if you're constantly going off and going for a walk or going to the gym or showering or whatever there's a danger that you're going to fall out of the rhythm of creativity.

00:45:43 Speaker_00
How do you think about that flow when you have the flow?

00:45:45 Speaker_01
I mean, there is... I hasten to add it's never more than three days I've ever gone without a shower. I wouldn't judge. I was just on a hiking trip. I went ten days without showering, so I don't judge. I won't throw stones in my glass house.

00:45:58 Speaker_00
And it's only when I'm writing a book. I hasten to add that as well. God. I don't want people to come up and go, the party's holding their nose and go, hello, Andrew.

00:46:08 Speaker_01
How do you think about that flow with writing? So there's one reason not to interrupt the writing.

00:46:13 Speaker_01
If you have a hard task ahead of you, and you have 47 balls in the air, and if you drop them, you're going to have to start the juggling process all over again. The boot up sequence takes a long time.

00:46:25 Speaker_01
How do you think about the flow of writing or that feeling that things are coming to you more easily or moving onto the page more easily?

00:46:36 Speaker_00
Sometimes it's a very bad thing. Of course, Dr. Johnson did say, when you have written your most brilliant purple paragraph, read it again and rip it up. Tell me more about that. Oh, yeah. No.

00:46:48 Speaker_00
Well, if you think that you've just written something completely brilliant, there's a very good chance that it's rubbish. It has to be somebody else.

00:46:57 Speaker_00
It has to be your publisher or some other person who can read it and have a completely objective eye, because there's a very good chance that you're hugging yourself with glee about something that actually you think sounds wonderful, but in fact is complete.

00:47:11 Speaker_01
It's complete wrong. It's going to be the name of my memoir, Hugging Yourself with Glee. And I write that down, give you your customary 5%, that's fine.

00:47:19 Speaker_01
If you had to choose, maybe you don't want to choose from your darlings here, but if this question has an answer, you don't even need to name them, but you keep a person in mind.

00:47:27 Speaker_01
If you had to choose one person to act as your proofreader for your work, to be that sanity check.

00:47:33 Speaker_00
He's called Stuart Proffitt. He's the most brilliant publisher in London. He's known by everybody to be the most brilliant. He's also the most irritating peasant.

00:47:43 Speaker_00
He, oh my God, for my Napoleon book, and he's going to listen to this, so I'm going to have to be as nice as possible, but oh my, he's good. Professor Perfect is my nickname for it because he's a total professorial kind of figure.

00:47:57 Speaker_00
And for my Napoleon book, I remember a series of marginalia. And again, this is the thing where you think you've done something rather good, you know, and he writes, one of the things he writes in the manga, are you sure this joke is funny?

00:48:13 Speaker_00
nothing more crushing than to have that. He also wrote... Structurally, it's very British. Exactly. Question mark, you know. And you read it again, you chortle to yourself. Yes, it is funny. Dammit.

00:48:27 Speaker_00
But he wrote, there were a whole series of them in the, well, we were talking earlier about the 1796 campaign of Napoleon. He said, how wide was the River Po in 1796? There was another one. Did Napoleon take Herodotus to Egypt?

00:48:48 Speaker_00
He's a genius, but also a very irritating person.

00:48:51 Speaker_01
Could you say more about what makes him so good? I'll buy some time just by saying if I can't find

00:48:58 Speaker_01
a writer friend of mine, let's just say, or an editor who can proofread my work, I'll very often give, and I write a particular type of thing, but I would give my chapter, let's just say, to a friend who's a really good lawyer.

00:49:11 Speaker_01
And part of the reason for that is that they're very good at trimming out excess. And if anything is ambiguous, they're grueling. Or contradictory. Or contradictory. They're very good at surgically excising that.

00:49:23 Speaker_01
What makes this particular gentleman, what was his name again? Stuart? Stuart Prophet. Great man. What makes Stuart so good at giving feedback? Does he see things differently?

00:49:35 Speaker_00
He's profoundly committed to history. He loves history. So he has a sort of higher purpose to try to flood the world with great history books, which is, as far as I'm concerned, the greatest purpose that you can have.

00:49:52 Speaker_00
I mean, it doesn't get better than that. He has a very logical brain. He's very good on syntax. So anything that doesn't sound right in a sentence, he will point out. Sometimes to have sound right from a poetic perspective.

00:50:10 Speaker_00
If there's a rhythm that isn't right or if something rhymes as well sometimes you can use two words that have a rhyme in them and he will cut that automatically because it just. doesn't feel right, you know. He doesn't sit well with his sensibilities.

00:50:24 Speaker_00
Precisely. And mine. I hasten to add, you know, because I very rarely actually disagree with him. I did on the joke, by the way. And whenever anybody tells me that that particular joke is funny, I... You forward it to him. I forward it.

00:50:37 Speaker_00
I ping the email straight on to Stuart. Of course I do. I'd be mad not to, wouldn't I? But no, there's a, I mean, and he's been doing it for 40 years, so, and he's at the top of his trade. So you would expect him to be really good, but boy, is he.

00:50:52 Speaker_01
So those two examples you gave, the width of the river and Herodotus, why did he ask those two?

00:50:59 Speaker_00
Because he is always trying to put himself into the mind of the reader and wondering what the reader would be thinking. And he thought, rightly or wrongly in this case, that the reader would be interested in the width of the river

00:51:13 Speaker_00
And whether or not to just went with him but there are loads more examples like that you know i will send him a hundred pages and he'll send me back a hundred pages of questions and criticisms and remarks i almost sometimes think that i want to put his name on the front cover of the book you phone me up actually about the napoleon book.

00:51:32 Speaker_00
And the original of Napoleon just had a huge N on it and lots of Bs. And he said, he phoned me up and he said, I've got this idea for the front cover of the book. Your name isn't going to be on it. And he said, and neither is Napoleon's.

00:51:48 Speaker_00
And I thought over the phone, I thought, okay, he's finally gone completely mad. Yeah, exactly. That's right. Poor man. How long can he stay in his job if he's going to come up with ideas? Yeah, exactly. But it can't be long now.

00:52:03 Speaker_00
And it turned out to be a totally brilliant concept, because if you see a gigantic N with bees, you think of Napoleon, you know, and that's what lots of people did. Bees as in, I'm such an idiot, bees, like honeybees.

00:52:14 Speaker_00
Honeybees, yeah, that was his symbol, it was a Napoleon symbol, because they could sting, but they could also give honey, you know, that was the idea. And it just captured people's imagination and sold an awful lot of copies, which was really great.

00:52:27 Speaker_00
That sold half a million copies, that book now.

00:52:28 Speaker_01
That's incredible. Yeah. That is incredible. Sounds like such a gift to have a Stuart. I need a Stuart. Yeah, everyone needs a sticker. Don't take mine. No, I don't think he might spend his entire first month on just the syntax errors in my first chapter.

00:52:47 Speaker_01
You do want to strangle him, by the way. It's the sign of a very good proofreader, often. Why do you think it is that some historical figures take on these mythic proportions where some who have huge impacts seem to fall into obscurity over time.

00:53:07 Speaker_01
Are there particular characteristics? Is it self-made in a sense where people create that myth of themselves while they're still alive? How do you think about that?

00:53:17 Speaker_00
I haven't thought about that before. That's a really good question. I think that It's a bit like there are some things that are very difficult to get over to people on the printed page. Charisma is one of them. Charm is another one. Sexiness.

00:53:33 Speaker_00
These are things that we all know from our own lives matter enormously. If somebody's charismatic, charming, and sexy, you're going to want to be interested in them, follow them much more than somebody who isn't.

00:53:44 Speaker_00
And yet explaining how they are, any of those things, very famously hard to explain. And I think the same is true with historical characters.

00:53:55 Speaker_00
How can it be that this unprepossessing-looking American president who happens to, with his strange beard but not moustache, who happens to be president at the time that the country is falling apart, manages to save the country through this terrible, see it through this terrible civil war, and then is assassinated right at the end of the civil war?

00:54:18 Speaker_00
I mean, the story is so extraordinary, isn't it? and yet to explain the charisma and charm, not sexiness, I don't think in Abraham Lincoln's case, but many of your listeners or readers might disagree with you, nonetheless.

00:54:32 Speaker_01
Just imagining him popping up on a dating app.

00:54:34 Speaker_00
Would you swipe right or left for Abe Lincoln?

00:54:39 Speaker_01
Exactly. Might ride a fixed gear bike, make expensive cappuccinos.

00:54:43 Speaker_00
That's kind of the hipster look. Anyway, I digress. Yeah. It is difficult to explain how some people just grab the headlines and others don't. I mean, of course, it does help to be a leader in a war.

00:54:56 Speaker_00
That's true of Lincoln and Churchill and Bonin and so on. The chance of coming a world historical figure if you are prime minister of Luxembourg in a time of peace is going to be much more difficult, of course.

00:55:10 Speaker_00
But yeah, there doesn't seem to be a hard and fast rule, does there?

00:55:14 Speaker_01
Hard and fast recipe that I can follow. I'm just kidding. Well, don't take us to war on the map if you're wanting to be remembered. I don't think I'm capable. Certainly not eager. makes me think of, what is the title of that poem?

00:55:29 Speaker_01
Ozymandias, Look Upon My Works in Despair. I'll leave that alone.

00:55:34 Speaker_00
I met a traveler from an antique land who said two vast and chunkless legs of stone stand in the desert, and near them on the sand half-shrunk, a shattered visage lies, whose wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command tells that its sculpture well those passions read, which yet survive.

00:55:52 Speaker_00
My name is Ozzy Mandias, King of Kings. Look upon my works, ye mighty, and despair. Nothing besides remains round that eternal wreck. Long and bare, the lone and level sands stretch far away. Hot damn, there you go, listeners.

00:56:06 Speaker_00
Can you point out to the listeners that you didn't tell me that this was going to happen? I did not.

00:56:11 Speaker_01
I did not send a memo in advance. And I suppose the preface to that is that there are these ruins sticking out of the sands.

00:56:21 Speaker_00
The feet. The feet, that's right. The trunks of the legs. So there was obviously a huge, magnificent kind of pyramid high, glorious statue to Ozymandias. And now there's nothing. And it goes back to what I was saying earlier about not being remembered.

00:56:38 Speaker_01
Did you remember the, now I'm gonna, I feel like I'm crossing, it's not cross examining, but asking too much, but who is the author of that, of that poem? Jesse Bysshe Shelley. I saw the, one of, maybe the original or a first, certainly a first draft.

00:56:54 Speaker_01
in Oxford because I was going through a program at Wadham College, and there's an exhibit on right now which is something like cut, paste, rewrite, and it shows the hand-edited works of Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, and all these others, and I came across that.

00:57:10 Speaker_00
If anybody wants to see a first edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, it's just gone on exhibition at the, I was there this morning, Lambeth Palace Library. There's a thing called Her Book. It's about female, early female writers.

00:57:25 Speaker_00
It's a brilliant exhibition. And so if there's anyone in London who's interested in seeing that book, it's there today.

00:57:33 Speaker_01
Beautiful. And if you're near Oxford, Weston Library has the exhibit that I was mentioning. A lot of gems. A lot of gems. You have some really fun old stuff in the UK, it turns out. Thank you. I'm not going to take that personally. No, no, no, no.

00:57:47 Speaker_01
That's a compliment. Yeah. Old in the US is like 1970. You know, it's smaller.

00:57:54 Speaker_00
I thought you were talking about me. Oh, no, no.

00:57:56 Speaker_01
Good. All right. Not you. How do you think about legacy?

00:58:02 Speaker_01
Because I, along the lines of Anya the Ozymandias piece, I'm like, is it just sort of hubris to believe in the first place that that's something worth aspiring to, having something last and stand the test of time?

00:58:16 Speaker_01
I mean, how do you personally think about this? Well, especially as someone who studies history.

00:58:20 Speaker_00
Yes, and I obviously do want people to read my books long after I've died. Now, I'm not going to know whether they are or not, so why on earth? It just seems so illogical to even think that, doesn't it?

00:58:34 Speaker_00
That it should matter to me that anything happens the second after I've died. But I know that I do, and it is one of the drives for being a writer, because words always live forever. And they're virtually the only thing that does.

00:58:51 Speaker_00
Ozymandias' statue is just two trunkless legs of stone, whereas actually his words, you know, look upon my works ye mighty in despair, that goes to the heart of the human condition.

00:59:03 Speaker_00
And Shelley's poetry still survives in a way that Ozymandias' statue doesn't. So there is something about words that are immortal, and we're all sort of grasping for immortality in one way or another, aren't we? Yeah, that is true.

00:59:18 Speaker_01
Do you read fiction?

00:59:20 Speaker_00
Yes, yes I do. When I go on holiday, which is usually hiking actually with my wife, she loves going to places that involve mountains. And in order to get history completely out of my system for the two weeks or so that we're hiking, I do read fiction.

00:59:38 Speaker_00
Sometimes if I want to completely clear my brain, I'll have a detective novel. I've chosen the most complicated of all of the detective novelists, a chap called Robert Goddard. Have you ever heard of Robert Goddard?

00:59:52 Speaker_00
So complicated to work out who done it or what groups of people done it. It's very rarely just one person and why. I try and make notes in the back of the book, connecting each person to everybody else.

01:00:06 Speaker_00
And so by the end of it, it looks like one of those really complicated sort of management. It's like an org chart. Yeah, exactly. Exactly. Hundreds of people connecting to everybody else to try and work out who done it. And he always, always beats me.

01:00:24 Speaker_00
Yeah, that sounds fun. I've been getting into it. But as far as sort of high culture writing novels are concerned, I will occasionally do that. I'm president of the Cliveden Literary Festival. And so we have lots of novelists come to that.

01:00:38 Speaker_00
And so if you've got William Boyd or Salman Rushdie or somebody who you know you're going to be bumping into at the festival, it's always a good idea to read their latest novel. We had Robert Harris recently in So that's always well worth doing.

01:00:51 Speaker_00
And then there are a few writers like Michel Houellebecq, who is just so great that you have to sort of read whatever he brings out. I don't recognize the name. I'm embarrassed to say. He's a French writer. It's pronounced Hellebecq.

01:01:08 Speaker_00
And he's a genius, a very controversial and quite unpopular in France. And the latest one I'm reading is where it features his own murder. It's a great satire. It's very, very funny.

01:01:23 Speaker_01
Is there a book you might suggest starting with?

01:01:26 Speaker_00
The Map and the Territory. The Map of the Territory? The Map and the Territory of Michel Hellebecq. The name starts H-E-L-L-E-B. Oh, I'll find it. Yeah, it's a sort of satire on French intellectual customs. I can see them loving that. It's very funny.

01:01:45 Speaker_00
Why is he controversial? Oh, because he's deeply politically incorrect as well. He just doesn't care. He just doesn't care what he writes. He's a honey badger in that sense. Do you know what I mean? I do, I do. He's a literary honey badger.

01:02:04 Speaker_01
All right, so speaking of politically incorrect, how should we, in your mind, write about imperial history?

01:02:15 Speaker_00
We should try as far as possible to be genuinely objective. We shouldn't take the assumption that all white people, whenever they went abroad, did so solely in order to rape, murder, massacre, and exploit.

01:02:31 Speaker_00
Because certainly in the latter part, we were talking earlier actually about Winston Churchill and the noblesse oblige, the concept that it was part of your duty as a privileged person to try to make the world a better place for other less privileged people.

01:02:46 Speaker_00
And that was, especially in the last part of the British Empire, a driving force for a lot of people, especially obviously missionaries and Christians, but also other people, explorers and people who are involved in agriculture and so on.

01:03:02 Speaker_00
They actually were not driven by rapacity and greed in the way that essentially the Marxist analysis of imperialism has made out. So be objective. Some of those people were like that.

01:03:14 Speaker_00
Undoubtedly, of course, they were, you know, especially some of the people in Southern Africa and elsewhere. But for a long period of the story of the British Empire, for much of that empire, it actually was a force for human good rather than evil.

01:03:31 Speaker_01
What do you see as the challenges moving forward for the capturing of history and or how do you see it changing as we move forward?

01:03:44 Speaker_00
I am quite worried about it in Britain because first of all, fewer and fewer people seem to be taking it as a subject at a university level.

01:03:54 Speaker_00
Secondly we have this thing it's nicknamed henry to hitler where we jump from the tutors to the second world war and we don't do the very important intervening stages of the stewart's the civil war hannah barrens loss of america the really anything up to the outbreak of the first world war.

01:04:13 Speaker_00
And there's so much of really important history in that period that we seem to jump from one to the next. There was a survey quite recently of British teenagers, quite a big survey, you know, over a thousand of them.

01:04:27 Speaker_00
And 20% of them thought, it was like 23% of them, thought that the American War of Independence was won by Denzel Washington. You know, the Americans get a bad rap. Yeah, I know, I know, exactly. It's not just us.

01:04:44 Speaker_00
And also there were 20% of these kids, and these are British school kids, who also thought that Winston Churchill was a fictional character and that Sherlock Holmes and Eleanor Rigby were real people.

01:04:56 Speaker_00
So whatever's going on in British history teaching, I think there's still a lot to be desired.

01:05:03 Speaker_01
If you had never been able to write any books in that alternate reality, What have you personally or what would you have gained personally from studying history?

01:05:14 Speaker_00
It's a lot of things in that history. It can be a bit of a quicksand.

01:05:18 Speaker_01
In what sense?

01:05:19 Speaker_00
Well, as soon as you think you understand a period, all it takes is one new set of papers or a new book written by somebody else, a friend especially, that can make you look again at the same period and completely change your mind about it.

01:05:39 Speaker_00
And that's a little unnerving at the age of 61, I have to say. I'm just reading Ronald Hutton's second volume of his life of Oliver Cromwell, which has just been published.

01:05:49 Speaker_00
And I'd always thought of Cromwell as somebody who had a set of principles that he molded his times around in order to see through. And Ronald Hutton has completely exploded that thesis for me.

01:06:07 Speaker_00
And I realized that he was, like most politicians, just sort of grabbing the coattails of history and hanging on as much as he could. And yes, he was a good soldier and so on.

01:06:17 Speaker_00
But he was, in terms of his politics, he was constantly trying to create alliances, of course, like all politicians do. And when opportunities came, he grabbed them. But he was at the mercy of events much more than creating them.

01:06:31 Speaker_00
whereas I had for years had the sort of image of Oliver Cromwell, like that statue outside Parliament of this incredibly solid figure. He wasn't like that at all.

01:06:41 Speaker_01
What are other things that attract you or attracted you to history?

01:06:46 Speaker_00
It wasn't just Christopher Perry. My dad read history at Oxford, and he used to take me around castles. We'd go on holiday to Wales and see the great Edward I castles.

01:06:58 Speaker_00
And he would chat to, on journeys, we'd chat about history and what-ifs, counterfactuals and things like that. And so I grew up feeling very comfortable with it and recognizing that it's a beautiful and fascinating thing.

01:07:13 Speaker_00
Whereas I think sometimes some people can be not scared of history, but they can be put off history because they weren't taught it very well at school or they just thought it was a succession of dates or they can't see any relevance to their daily lives and so on.

01:07:30 Speaker_00
And I've never been one of those people.

01:07:33 Speaker_01
So, if you were doing a presentation – could be anywhere – on why people, aside from conflating Denzel Washington with other historical figures, why they should read history or engage with history, What would the thrust of the presentation be?

01:07:54 Speaker_00
I suppose it does come back to that, all those Huxley quotes, you know, about trying to learn some of the lessons. There's a marvellous moment when in 1953, June 1953, at the time of the late Queen's coronation,

01:08:07 Speaker_00
Winston Churchill is walking across Westminster Hall, this fabulous great hall that was, when it was built in the late 13th century, the largest room in Europe. And it's fused with history.

01:08:18 Speaker_00
It's where, of course, where Churchill himself was to lie in state, but also where the monarchs lie in state, where Warren Hastings went on trial, and Charles I went on trial, and

01:08:30 Speaker_00
People like Mandela and Zelensky have given speeches and things like that. It's compounded. Sir Thomas More went on trial there, the Earl of Stratford. I just mentioned a whole load of people who were all decapitated actually.

01:08:43 Speaker_00
William Wallace as well, he was decapitated as well. And so you've got this sense of all of British history summed up in a room essentially. And a young American student stops Churchill and asks essentially for a piece of life advice.

01:08:57 Speaker_00
And Churchill replies, study history, study history, for therein lies all the secrets of statecraft.

01:09:04 Speaker_00
And that would be one of the reasons that I would tell people, you know, that if you want to understand what's going on in the world, you do have to look and see what has happened before.

01:09:14 Speaker_00
And there's no person who doesn't want to have a better understanding of what's going on in the world or try to work out for themselves the great forces in our planet today. So that, I suppose, would be the answer.

01:09:26 Speaker_00
That's why I've chosen study history as my motto of my coat of arms, for example, and why I've got a podcast, too, and I call it Secrets of Statecraft. I think that's a sort of motivating factor. Secrets of Statecraft, that is.

01:09:41 Speaker_00
It's the Hoover Institution's podcast, but it's great fun to do. Must have Neil Ferguson on at some stage, and I can tease him about not being a diary.

01:09:53 Speaker_01
What is statecraft? I think I know, but very often I think I know something and it is in fact not true at all.

01:10:00 Speaker_00
It's the ability to run a country. So you've got to juggle the diplomatic, the military, the economic, the cultural, all of these things, the religious, all of these things together to create the kind of country that you want it to be.

01:10:16 Speaker_00
And that is statecraft. And so it's been going on as long as human history has and always will.

01:10:22 Speaker_01
Looking forward, let's see, you've studied many great figures from history. You've looked at these different chapters of humanity.

01:10:30 Speaker_00
Including your late king, your last king, George III. I wrote a biography of him a few years ago, which was great fun to do.

01:10:38 Speaker_01
Sorry, carry on. No, that's all right. I was just going to ask you, looking forward, given how much you've reflected backwards, Where do you think things are going for the UK and or for the US?

01:10:50 Speaker_01
If you were a betting man, wouldn't you say, hmm, there's a good chance, it's not a certainty, but if the dominoes continue to fall the way they're falling, A, B, or C?

01:11:01 Speaker_00
I'm afraid I'm a bit of a pessimist. Yeah, not so much for the United States because you're still such a rich and innovative country.

01:11:11 Speaker_00
But I'm wondering in Britain whether or not, and history plays an important part of this, especially the way in which history is used politically, to wonder whether or not we still believe in ourselves, certainly in the way that we did when I was growing up.

01:11:28 Speaker_00
In twenty trying to get the statistics right i think it's twenty fifteen as recent as twenty fifteen maybe twenty ten eighty six percent of people were proud of british history that has now fallen down to fifty six percent.

01:11:46 Speaker_00
And I'm sure that the reason for this is the sustained attack on the British Empire that we were discussing earlier, and people forgetting the part that we played in the abolition of slavery and concentrating just on the horrors and the monstrous things that happened.

01:12:04 Speaker_00
And we, therefore, if you're not proud of your past, you're not proud of your ancestors, you're not proud of the things that they produced, and Britain has produced some pretty extraordinary and wonderful things for the world, then it's difficult to see why anyone would want to be proud of the future of the country as well.

01:12:25 Speaker_00
And so I'm pretty pessimistic. feel pessimism for america it's for things like taking thomas jefferson statue down from the new york city hall.

01:12:37 Speaker_00
It's a form of cultural suicide it strikes me not to admire the founders of your nation and yes of course and he and slaves but he also wrote a constitution that has survived for a quarter of a millennium.

01:12:51 Speaker_00
And he was brave enough, Washington and all the others, brave enough to stand up against the most powerful empire in the world. These things, you deserve your statue, it seems to me.

01:13:04 Speaker_00
And if you go around pulling these things down, I think you're breaking a kind of living link with the past that makes you a great country. And that's certainly happening in this country as well.

01:13:16 Speaker_00
I mean, I'm a bit of a pessimist anyway, because I'm a Tory. And pessimism is an essential part of Toryism.

01:13:23 Speaker_00
But not as big a pessimist I hasten to add as Neil Ferguson, who I like to say, it's never terribly difficult to tell the, it's a quote from P.G.

01:13:32 Speaker_00
Woodhouse, never terribly difficult to tell the difference between a ray of sunshine and a Scotsman with a grievance. And Neil always tells you that it's all doom and gloom and everything's going to be utterly disastrous.

01:13:46 Speaker_00
I wonder whether or not he truly believes it, because he's actually himself a very, you know, upbeat and personally sort of positive individual. He does lots of things that imply that actually he does think the world's going to get better.

01:13:59 Speaker_01
But boy, oh boy. How do you personally, if you do, I mean, it seems like you examine or you have a fascination with counterfactuals, the what-ifs.

01:14:10 Speaker_01
You read books that have the potential for upending long-held theses, which can be uncomfortable, I would imagine. Do you have people around you or who you deliberately expose yourself to who offset perhaps some of your pessimistic tendencies?

01:14:30 Speaker_01
forms of optimism that they can defend?

01:14:34 Speaker_00
Yes, my wife is the classic example. She's optimistic about the future. She's in business. She's a very successful businesswoman.

01:14:39 Speaker_00
So she actually sees a lot of the innovations that are taking place, the drugs that are coming online that are saving lives and taking on defeating pain and so on.

01:14:51 Speaker_00
She's great at believing in the innate capacity of capitalism to reinvent itself in a positive way for more and more people and take people out of poverty and all of those positive things.

01:15:02 Speaker_00
It's an invigorating thing to talk about the world with her because it makes me much less sort of Eeyore-like and Ferguson-esque.

01:15:17 Speaker_01
Feel like any other inside scoop that people should know about Neil? What is his secret optimistic voice memos that he sends you? You can annotate, add to your diary. Please see audio reference 47. Andrew, this has been great fun.

01:15:36 Speaker_01
You have many books that people can read, certainly, and they'll all be in the show notes. But is it most recent conflict?

01:15:43 Speaker_00
Yes, that's a book I wrote with David Petraeus. And, of course, him being a general whose commanded armies of over 160,000 in both Iraq and Afghanistan has been so fascinating intellectually for me because, of course, I'm a military historian.

01:15:59 Speaker_00
I've never worn a uniform for one minute. So that was great.

01:16:02 Speaker_01
And the subtitle for folks, just so they have that, The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Ukraine.

01:16:09 Speaker_00
Well, it's now actually Gaza. The paperback takes us up to Gaza as well, about halfway through that campaign in Gaza. It was after the Russian invasion of Ukraine that I came up with the idea of writing the book, and I got on to David, who I knew.

01:16:26 Speaker_00
and said, why don't we write this as a military history? There are going to be lots of political histories about this, but just the military side of it. And put it into the context of all the wars that have happened since 1945.

01:16:39 Speaker_00
So we go through, not all of them, there are 400 of them, but all the key ones, you know, the 40 or so key ones that you'll have heard of and that show how war has evolved and developed.

01:16:52 Speaker_00
And sometimes it leaps forward and other times it goes into sort of sideshows. We went to the publishers and they quite understandably said, well, how are you going to divvy up the chapters?

01:17:02 Speaker_00
And I said, well, David's going to write about all the countries he's invaded, and I'll fill in the rest. And he also did the Vietnam chapter as well, actually.

01:17:13 Speaker_00
And then we sent hundreds, maybe thousands of emails to one another over the course of the year or so that we were writing it. That's very fast. It is fast, it is fast. How did you do it so quickly?

01:17:24 Speaker_00
Well, because the situation in Ukraine was moving so quickly, and then the Gaza war broke out on the day of the publication of the Harbak. So that was literally the 7th of October that we were bringing that out.

01:17:35 Speaker_00
So we then needed to get on with writing about that as well. And as you know, I tend to write quickly. Yeah. And so does he, you know, he's a soldier scholar. He read, he went to your old university.

01:17:47 Speaker_00
He was at Princeton doing a post-grad on military history. So he was very much able to, you know, keep sending back those emails. Yeah.

01:17:56 Speaker_01
I suppose he's not lacking discipline.

01:17:59 Speaker_00
Say that again.

01:18:00 Speaker_01
Would be my guess. What did you find were key ingredients to that successful collaboration? What made it work, especially with that type of pressure under deadline?

01:18:12 Speaker_00
Well, I think there was, I know there was mutual respect, which is very important. I'd never written a book with anybody before. I'm in the midst of doing that right now, which is part of the reason I'm asking. Yeah.

01:18:21 Speaker_00
No, well, it's like nerve wracking, isn't it? Because one can get very sort of proprietorial about one's work.

01:18:28 Speaker_00
But that wasn't the case with david because the insights that he gave about what it was like to be a commander into wars at the absolute apex of commands meant that he could then look back on wars like the korean war the vietnam war.

01:18:45 Speaker_00
the Gulf War to sort of place himself in the position of Matthew Ridgway in Korea, for example. And that was so fascinating that I knew that there was nothing that I could add to that.

01:18:59 Speaker_00
I just knew that the combination of the soldier and the historian would produce something that was really intellectually stimulating for me. And that's, you know, in the end, life is a constant battle against boredom, isn't it?

01:19:15 Speaker_00
It's a constant rearguard action against not being stimulated.

01:19:21 Speaker_01
Do you think you will do more collaborations? How are you thinking about your writing moving forward?

01:19:26 Speaker_00
No, I know my next two books I've got are just going to be written by me. I've got Napoleon and his marshals about how the emperor interacted with his marshals and how the marshals interacted with each other.

01:19:38 Speaker_00
They fortunately all hated each other, so that's much easier for a historian to write something interesting. They hated each other in very imaginative ways. The greatest reality TV show I've ever seen. And then after that I'm doing Disraeli.

01:19:53 Speaker_00
And he's an extraordinary character who was a complete outsider as a Jew, of course, didn't go to one of the British public schools or Oxford and Cambridge or any university.

01:20:05 Speaker_00
And through his own brilliance and he's a novelist, of course, also his own wit, he wound up becoming the most powerful man in the world. I look forward to reading that one. Good. Thank you.

01:20:17 Speaker_00
Let me back on the show in 2030, which is when it's being published.

01:20:21 Speaker_01
I hope I'll still be around. We'll see. I've been here for a decade. We'll see how it goes. Andrew, this has been great. I really appreciate you taking the time. People can find you. Correct me if I get any of this wrong. Andrew-roberts.net.

01:20:34 Speaker_01
Would that be the main website? That's what I have here. Can't remember, but yes, I hope so. Let's just say that's right. And if it's not, I will put a correct version in the show notes.

01:20:43 Speaker_01
And then is Twitter, or X as it stands now, a good place for people to follow you as well?

01:20:49 Speaker_00
Yeah, that has things like my podcast and so on.

01:20:53 Speaker_01
Perfect. So that's, as I have it here, A. Roberts underscore Andrew. Is it good? Yeah. Perfect. We'll fact check off that. But we do have that. Is there anything else that you would like to add? Any requests of my audience?

01:21:09 Speaker_01
Anything at all that you'd like to mention? Absolutely not. Just thank you so much, Tim, for being on the show. I've really enjoyed it. Yeah, thank you so much for taking the time. This has really been great.

01:21:18 Speaker_01
And for people who are listening, as always, you can find the show notes at tim.blogslashpodcast. We will include links to everything we discussed.

01:21:26 Speaker_01
And also, as always, until next time, just be a little kinder than is necessary to others, but also to yourself. Thanks for tuning in. Hey guys, this is Tim again. Just one more thing before you take off, and that is Five Bullet Friday.

01:21:42 Speaker_01
Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before the weekend? Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday.

01:21:54 Speaker_01
Easy to sign up, easy to cancel. It is basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I've found or discovered or have started exploring over that week. It's kind of like my diary of cool things.

01:22:07 Speaker_01
It often includes articles I'm reading, books I'm reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos, all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast guests.

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And these strange, esoteric things end up in my field, and then I test them, and then I share them with you. So, if that sounds fun, again, it's very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before you head off for the weekend, something to think about.

01:22:34 Speaker_01
If you'd like to try it out, just go to tim.blog slash friday, type that into your browser, tim.blog slash friday, drop in your email and you'll get the very next one. Thanks for listening. This episode is brought to you by Shopify.

01:22:48 Speaker_01
Shopify is the all-in-one commerce platform that powers millions of businesses worldwide, including me, including mine. What business, you might ask? Well, one way I've scratched my own itch is by creating Cockpunch Coffee. It's a long story.

01:23:01 Speaker_01
All proceeds on my end go to my foundation, Saisei Foundation, fund research for mental health, etc. Anyway, talk a bunch of coffee. It's delicious. The first coffee I've ever produced myself. I drink it every morning. Check it out.

01:23:13 Speaker_01
We use Shopify for the online storefront and my team raves about how simple and easy it is to use. It has everything we need and nothing we don't.

01:23:20 Speaker_01
Whether you're a garage entrepreneur or getting ready for your IPO, Shopify is the only tool you need to start, run, and grow your business without the struggle. Shopify puts you in control of every sales channel.

01:23:32 Speaker_01
Doesn't matter if you're selling satin sheets from Shopify's in-person POS system or offering organic olive oil on Shopify's all-in-one ecommerce platform. However you interact with your customers, you're covered.

01:23:43 Speaker_01
And once you've reached your audience, Shopify has the internet's best converting checkout to help you turn browsers into buyers. Shopify powers 10% of all e-commerce in the United States.

01:23:53 Speaker_01
And Shopify is truly a global force as the e-commerce solution behind Allbirds, Rothy's, Brooklyn and millions of other entrepreneurs of every size across more than 170 countries.

01:24:04 Speaker_01
Plus, Shopify's award-winning help is there to support your success every step of the way if you have questions. This is Possibility, powered by Shopify. So check it out. Sign up for a $1 per month trial period at Shopify. That's S-H-O-P-I-F-Y.

01:24:19 Speaker_01
Shopify.com slash Tim. Go to Shopify.com slash Tim to take your business to the next level today. One more time, all lowercase, Shopify.com slash Tim.

01:24:30 Speaker_01
In the last handful of years, I've become very interested in environmental toxins, avoiding microplastics, and many other commonly found compounds all over the place. One place I looked is in the kitchen.

01:24:44 Speaker_01
Many people don't realize just how toxic their cookware is or can be.

01:24:48 Speaker_01
A lot of non-stick pans, practically all of them, can release harmful forever chemicals, PFAS, in other words, spelled P-F-A-S, into your food, your home, and then ultimately that ends up in your body. Teflon is a prime example of this.

01:25:01 Speaker_01
It is still the forever chemical that most companies are using. So Our Place reached out to me as a potential sponsor and the first thing I did was look at the reviews of their products and said, send me one. And that is the Titanium Always Pan Pro.

01:25:19 Speaker_01
And the claim is that it's the first non-stick pan with zero coating. So that means zero forever chemicals and durability that'll last forever. I was very skeptical. I was very busy. So I said, you know what? I want to test this thing quickly.

01:25:31 Speaker_01
It's supposed to be non-stick. It's supposed to be durable. I'm going to test it with two things. I'm going to test it with scrambled eggs in the morning because eggs are always a disaster in anything that isn't non-stick with the toxic coating.

01:25:45 Speaker_01
And then I'm going to test it with a steak sear because I want to see how much it retains heat. And it worked perfectly in both cases, and I was frankly astonished how well it worked. The Titanium Always Pan Pro has become my go-to pan in the kitchen.

01:26:02 Speaker_01
It replaces a lot of other things for searing, for eggs, for anything you can imagine. And the design is really clever. It does combine the best qualities of stainless steel, cast iron, and nonstick into one product.

01:26:15 Speaker_01
It's tough enough to withstand the dishwasher, open flame, heavy-duty scrubbing. You can scrub the hell out of it. You can use metal utensils, which is great, without losing any of its non-stick properties. So, stop cooking with toxic pans.

01:26:27 Speaker_01
If they're non-stick and you don't know, they probably contain something bad. Check out the Titanium Always Pan Pro.

01:26:33 Speaker_01
While you're at it, you can look at their other high-performance offerings that are toxin-free, like the Wonder Oven Air Fryer, their Griddle Pan, and their precision-engineered German steel knives.

01:26:42 Speaker_01
So go to fromourplace.com slash tim and use my code TIM to get 10% off of the Titanium Always Pan Pro or anything else on the site. You can check on anything.

01:26:52 Speaker_01
One more time, that's fromourplace.com spelled out, F-R-O-M-O-U-R, fromourplace.com slash tim and use code TIM at checkout for 10% off of everything on the site. Our Place also offers a 100-day trial with free shipping and returns. Take a look.